近100年四川气温变化的多时间尺度分析

　Using the adaptive multiresolution data filter,the multihierarchical structure and jump features of climate changes in Sichuan province during last 100 years are studied．The results show that（1）the air temperature variations in Sichuan basin can be described as three hierarchiescold period before 1932,warm period from 1933～1965 and cold period after 1966．（2）The year 1949 is the jump point of cooling,and the temperature warming after 1987 is unstable．     

Application of Wet Waste from Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with or Without Sea Mud to Feeding Sea Cucumber (Stichopus monotuberculatus)

In the present study, the applicability of the wet waste collected from shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) to the culture of sea cucumber(Stichopus monotuberculatus) was determined. The effects of dietary wet shrimp waste on the survival, specific growth rate(SGR), fecal production rate(FPR), ammonia- and nitrite-nitrogen productions of sea cucumber were studied. The total organic matter(TOM) level in the feces of sea cucumber was compared with that in corresponding feeds. Diet C(50% wet shrimp waste and 50% sea mud mash) made sea cucumber grow faster than other diets. Sea cucumber fed with either diet D(25% wet shrimp waste and 75% sea mud mash) or sole sea mud exhibited negative growth. The average lowest total FPR of sea cucumber occurred in diet A(wet shrimp waste), and there was no significant difference in total FPR between diet C and diet E(sea mud mash)(P > 0.05). The average ammonia-nitrogen production of sea cucumber in different diet treatments decreased gradually with the decrease of crude protein content in different diets. The average highest nitrite-nitrogen production occurred in diet E treatment, and there was no significant difference in nitrite-nitrogen production among diet A, diet B(75% wet shrimp waste and 25% sea mud mash) and diet C treatments(P > 0.05). In each diet treatment, the total organic matter(TOM) level in feces decreased to different extent compared with that in corresponding feeds.     

The effect of three culture methods on intensive culture system of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Different culture methods may affect the intensive culture system of Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) regarding water quality and growth and economic performance.This study evaluated the potential effects of three culture methods through cultivation of juvenile shrimps under consistent tank management conditions for 84 d.The three methods involved shrimp cultivation in different tanks,i.e.,outdoor tanks with cement bottom(mode-C),greenhouse tanks with cement bottom(mode-G) and outdoor tanks with mud-substrate(mode-M).Results showed that water temperature was significantly higher in mode-G than that in mode-C(P < 0.05).In contrast to the other two treatments,mode-M had stable pH after 50 d cultivation of shrimps.In the mid-late period,the average concentrations of TAN,NO2-N,DIP and COD were significantly lower in mode-M and mode-G compared with those in mode-C(P < 0.05).Despite lack of differences in the final shrimp weight among different treatments(P > 0.05),mode-M had significantly higher shrimp yield,survival rate and feed conversion rate(P < 0.05) than other modes.There were significant differences in revenue and net return among different treatments(P < 0.05).These demonstrated that the treatments of mode-G and mode-M were conductive to the intensive culture system of L.vannamei.     

Effects of brown fish meal replacement with fermented soybean meal on growth performance, feed efficiency and enzyme activities of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis

A 120-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of brown fish meal (BFM) by fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in diets of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The turtles (initial mean body weight, (115.52 ± 1.05) g) were fed with three experimental diets, in which 0%, 4.72% and 9.44% BFM protein was replaced by 0%, 3% and 6% FSBM, respectively. Results showed that the feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of turtles fed with the diet containing 3% FSBM were not significantly different from the control group (0% FSBM) (P > 0.05). However, FR, SGR and FER of turtles fed with the diet containing 6% FSBM were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the activities of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamicpyruvic transaminase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). However, the uric acid concentration in turtles fed with the diet containing 3% or 6% FSBM was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the activities of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The results suggested that FSBM could replace 4.72% BFM protein in turtle diets without exerting adverse effects on turtle growth, feed utilization and measured immune parameters.     

Hydraulics and Hydrology in Mountain Areas

<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a     

Influence of dietary probiotic Bacillus TC22 and Prebiotic fructooligosaccharide on growth, immune responses and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus infection in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

The effects of probiotic Bacillus TC22 (isolated from intestine of infected sea cucumber) and prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth, immunity and disease resistance in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were studied. Six experimental diets were formulated with combinations of three levels of TC22 (0, 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet) and two levels of FOS (0 and 0.5%) in a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. At the end of the 8-week feeding trial,animals were challenged by injecting Vibrio splendidus. The results revealed that the specific growth rates (SGR) of sea cucumbers were not affected by TC22 and FOS, or the interaction between TC22 and FOS (P > 0.05). However,there were significant interactions between TC22 and FOS for immune response and disease resistance in sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). When sea cucumbers were fed with TC22 at 109 CFU g?1 feed and 0.5% FOS alone or in combination, the phagocytosis, respiratory burst and phenoloxidase activity of sea cucumber coelomocytes were significantly enhanced;the disease resistance against V. splendidus infection was also increased significantly (P < 0.05).However, dietary combination of TC22 at 109 CFU g-1 diet and 0.5% FOS did not yield significantly higher efficiency than either TC22 at 109 CFU g-1 diet or 0.5% FOS used alone (P > 0.05). Therefore, further studies should examine the effects of combinations of other levels of FOS(> 0.5% or < 0.5%) and TC22 on the immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumbers.     

Pigment characterization for the 2011 bloom in Qinhuangdao implicated "brown tide" events in China

A large-scale bloom occurred from May to June in 2011 in sea area near Qinhuangdao of the Bohai Sea, leading to huge damage of the scallop culture industry. Similar blooms have been observed in this region for three years. The causative species of the bloom, which dominated the phytoplankton community with the maximum cell density around 109 cell/L, could not be identified with morphological features due to the small cell size (~2 mm). A pigment analytical method was then adopted to analyze the pigment profile of the phytoplankton samples collected from the blooming sea area. It was found that pico-sized (<2 mm), nano-sized (2-20 mm), and bulk phytoplankton samples had similar pigment profile, representing the pigment signature of the bloom-causative species. The major pigments detected included 19-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin (But-fuco), fucoxanthin (Fuco), diadinoxanthin (Diad) and chlorophyll a (Chl a), and high content of But-fuco was the most significant characteristics of the phytoplankton samples. Based on the pigment composition and content, the bloom-causative species could be tentatively identified as pelagophyte, "type 8" group of haptophyte, or silicoflagellate. Some unique features of the bloom, such as the extremely high cell density, small-sized and But-fuco containing cells, occurring in early summer, and the feeding-cessation effects on scallops, suggest it be a "brown tide" event similar to those reported in the east coast of the United States of America. The recurrent "brown tide" events and their dramatic impacts on the shellfish mariculture industry in Qinhuangdao need close attention in the coming years.     

A transition from wood fuel to LPG and its impact on energy conservation and health in the Central Himalayas, India

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impacts of the transition from wood fuel to Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG) from energy use and health perspectives along an altitudinal gradient(viz.,lower altitude;middle altitude;and higher altitude) of the Central Himalayas.Empirical field study and questionnaire based survey was conducted forobtaining the data.A total of 20 households from each altitude were selected for obtaining reliable information on the actual quantity of fuelwood consumed.Of the 20 households,five households each based on the family size i.e.,small families(<4 members),medium(5-8 members) and large(>9 members) from all the altitudinal regions were selected.This was followed by an administration of a questionnaire on the quantity of fuelwood consumed.After the completion of the questionnaire survey,the data was validated using a weighted survey for the randomly selected households for obtaining precise information on the actual quantity of fuelwood consumed.Energy analysis is done with respect to the time spent on fuelwood collection and energy value of burning of per kg of fuelwood.Study indicates that declining biomass requirement from forests contributes significantly towards energy conservation,also has positive impact on human health.Per capita annual energy expenditure on collection of fuelwood is 752 MJ which is higher than any other activity in villages of Central Himalaya.The LPG substitution has contributed to energy saving which is equivalent to 2976-3,742 MJ per capita per year in middle and lower altitudes respectively.In the higher altitude the energy saving is calculated to be about 257 MJ per capita per year.Replacing fuelwood with LPG has made positive impact on society in terms of improving the health while reducing diseases that are caused due to indoor air pollution.     

Experimental study on the viscoelastic behaviors of debris flow slurry

The rheological properties of most liquid in nature are between liquids and solids,including both elastic changes and viscosity changes,that is socalled "viscoelastic".Dynamic oscillatory test was used to quantitatively study the distinct viscoelastic behaviors of debris flow slurry in the shear stress conditions for the first time in this study.The debris flow slurry samples were from Jiangjiagou Ravine,Yunnan Province,China.The experimental results were found that at the low and middle stages of shearing,when the angular velocity ω<72.46 s-1,the loss modulus(G") was greater than the storage modulus(G’),i.e.G">G’.At the late stage of shearing,when the angular velocity ω≧72.46 s-1,the storage modulus was greater than or equal to the loss modulus,i.e.G’≧G",tanδ≦1(where phase-shift angleδ=G"/G’),and the debris flow slurry was in a gel state.Therefore,the progress of this experimental study further reveals the mechanism of hyperconcentrated debris flows with a high velocity on low-gradient ravines.     

浅谈电影片名翻译技巧

电影不仅是作为一种艺术品,同时也是作为一种商品存在,而电影片名就好比是电影的一件外衣,因此,确切地翻译电影片名非常重要。电影片名的翻译技巧有很多,同时影响电影片名的翻译的因素也有很多。因此,在翻译电影片名时要从各方面因素考虑,从而选择恰当的翻译技巧,使得译名不仅能够从意义上忠实于源名,涵盖电影的内容,同时在形式上做到简练并具有吸引力。     

浅谈电影片名翻译技巧

电影不仅是作为一种艺术品，同时也是作为一种商品存在，而电影片名就好比是电影的一件外衣，因此，确切地翻译电影片名非常重要。电影片名的翻译技巧有很多，同时影响电影片名的翻译的因素也有很多。因此．在翻译电影片名时要从各方面因素考虑，从而选择恰当的翻译技巧．使得译名不仅能够从意义上忠实于源名。涵盖电影的内容，同时在形式上做到简练并具有吸引力。     

大陆架划界的适用原则与方法论析——以中日东海大陆架划界为视角

大陆架划界一直存在"等距离划界"与"公平划界"之争,"等距离划界"规定在《大陆架公约》中,"公平划界"是《联合国海洋法公约》中有关大陆架划界的适用原则。基于国际法上条约效力的相对性,中日东海大陆架划界只能以公平划界原则作为划界的法律依据。在划界过程中,要正确区分划界的法律原则与划界方法的性质,将大陆架划界中涉及的自然延伸、公平划界、等距离划界分别纳入定义、法律原则和技术方法三个层面予以定性考察,从而揭示日本意欲将"等距离划界"方法上升至国际法层面的真实目的。     

从静止与流动中认识舞蹈构图与调度的艺术作用

在群舞创作中,舞蹈构图就是舞蹈演员与整个舞台空间的静止画面,"静止"是舞蹈构图的表现形式,"流动"是舞蹈调度的表现形式,作为舞蹈构图与构图的必要连接,在营造舞蹈情境和增强形式美上起到了补充作用。舞蹈调度是变换舞蹈构图的一种过程,舞蹈构图是调度过程的某一个停顿和结果。二者相辅相成,不断进行连接和变化,为表现舞蹈作品的主题,交代环境情节和塑造舞蹈形象而发挥其特有的作用。     

A PREDICTION ABOUT THE EFFECT OF THE BUILDING OF SHUIKOU HYDROPOWER STATION ON THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE MIDDLE-LOWER REACHES OF THE MINJIANG RIVER

The building of Shuikou Hydropower Station in the Minjiang River is the largest one in the region of east China. Its install capacity is 1.4 million kw., and its generated energy of planning is 4.95 billion kwh each year. In accordance with a comprehensive survey of the valley of the middle-lower reaches of the Minjiang River and the characteristic of hydrography and in association with the specific type of the hydrography station, we can be sure that no harm will be done to the ecological environment when a hydropower station is built at Shuikou. Not only the deposition of silt within the reservoir must not be very serious, it is also more favorable than before for the irrigation of farmland on plains in the lower reaches of the Minjiang River and inland navigation.In addition, after the completion of the power station, the ecological environment will be the same as before both at the Minjiang River estuary and beyond it.     

关于农村土地整治项目预算人工单价水平研究

随着农村土地整治事业的快速发展,农村土地整治项目已深入我国农村的各个角落,项目施工需要的农民工也越来越多,市场人工单价的快速增长与预算人工单价的相对稳定之间的矛盾越来越突出,本文从专业的角度对市场人工单价和预算人工单价进行全面的比较分析,并通过实证分析和与其它类似行业预算人工单价进行对比,得出现行的土地整治项目预算人工单价水平基本符合目前的社会经济发展水平,并对社会普遍反映的预算人工单价偏低的原因进行说明。     

THE PROTECTION OF THE ECOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE GREEN CORRIDOR IN THE LOWER REACHES OF THE TARIM RIVER

The Green Corridor in the lower reaches of the Tarim River is not only a unique natural landscape in desert but also an important passageway. Nowadays, the ecologic environment of the corridor is getting worse and worse due to man's economic activities and the lack of knowledge of the importance of the environment, which is one of is the three environment problems in Xinjiang. The corridor is in great need of planning and managing.     

从边缘到活力——中国古代海洋文学研究的拓新之路

中华文化素有突出的"尚水"传统,但以百川所宗的大海及其相关元素作为抒写对象的中国古代海洋文学,却一方面作品数量繁富,另一方面又在中国古代文学史上相对边缘地默守一隅,掩而未彰,从而呈现出在中华文明内陆文化精神主导下的独特性。对中国传统海洋文学全面系统的考察,需与内陆"河流文学"这一海洋文学的"亚形态"相关联,大力推进对基础文献的爬梳与整理,最终在对传统海洋文学的专题研究、综合研究等多维省察中打破现有的边缘化研究格局,并努力构建富有民族特色的中国型海洋美学。     

贝壳中维界面的亲疏水特征

【目的】从亲疏水特征的角度对贝壳各层次结构中的界面进行分析探讨。【方法】采用接触角测量仪对贝壳的中维界面、无机文石及无机方解石进行水接触角测量。【结果】贝壳内表面的水接触角普遍大于90°,其中最大值为113°,最小值为91°;贝壳表壳层内表面边缘位置的水接触角平均值为67°,内部位置的水接触角平均值为112°;无机文石及无机方解石平整表面的水接触角均小于90°,其平均值分别为50°、49°。【结论】贝壳内表面具有疏水性,即有机质层具有疏水性;由于具有亲水特征的文石及方解石为贝壳矿物的主要成分,说明贝壳矿物结构具有亲水性;贝壳表壳层内表面边缘呈现亲水特征,内部呈现疏水特征。     

基于第三次国土调查成果城镇开发边界范围内底数分析

城镇是创造物质和精神财富的主要空间载体,划定城镇开发边界,是推动城镇化发展由外延扩张式向内涵提升式转变重要手段.第三次国土调查是以土地资源为基础的调查,是国土空间规划的底图底数.通过梳理,第三次国土调查对城镇开发边界底数支撑包括土地利用现状、土地管理、土地成片开发以及耕地保护等方面.具体研究方法为运用Arcgis 10...