甘蔗苗期耐盐性评价指标的研究

测定了８个不同耐盐性的甘蔗品种在正常和盐胁迫下的一些形态,生理指标的损伤率,并用因子分析进行了分析。分析表明,甘蔗苗期的耐盐笥指标可以划分为反映甘蔗受盐害时物质形态伤害程度的植株形态指标和反映植株受害时生理和物质代谢活动变化的生理指标两大类型,其中植株形态指标是评价甘蔗苗期耐盐性的主要指标,并用这两类综合指标对参试品种苗期耐盐性大小进行了排序。     

耐盐水稻地方品种的主要性状分析

通过对湛江地区水稻品种的耐盐性、品质性状及主要农艺性状进行分析,结果表明,"咸水禾”品种具有一定的耐盐性,可用1/5海水灌溉,但其耐盐性不高;灌溉水含盐量的高低,对株高和穗粒结构影响较大;3个品种的出糙率均偏低,外观品质较差.并指出增强抗盐性、提高品质应是目前改良耐盐水稻地方品种的主攻方向.     

基于脯氨酸合成积累的甘蔗分蘖期耐旱生理效应分析

为探究干旱胁迫下分蘖期甘蔗植株内游离脯氨酸积累及其合成关键酶的响应机制,以甘蔗品种ROC22为材料进行桶栽干旱胁迫实验,测定生长于7种不同土壤水分下的甘蔗叶片中丙二醛含量、电导率、游离脯氨酸含量以及δ-OAT、P5CS、SOD的活性。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫强度增大,植株体内不同程度地激活了P5CS、δ-OAT、SOD的活性,合成积累了大量的游离脯氨酸,以抵抗丙二醛等氧化物的积累所造成对细胞膜透性的破坏。但在沙土的土壤水分为2.64%(相对持水量21.2%)时,达到了ROC22的萎蔫系数。相关统计分析结果,6个甘蔗生理指标间的简单正相关均达到了显著水平。偏相关分析结果,细胞膜透性分别与P5CS活性、脯氨酸含量为负的偏相关且达到了显著水平,丙二醛、δ-OAT、SOD分别与脯氨酸含量的偏相关系数均到达了极显著水平。此外,P5CS与SOD存在共线性,多元相关性分析表明P5CS对游离脯氨酸积累的作用显著地大于δ-OAT,在干旱胁迫下,甘蔗脯氨酸的两个合成途径表现为以Glu→Pro途径主,Orn→Pro途径为辅。     

耐盐水稻地方品种的主要性状分析

通过对湛江地区水稻品种的耐盐性，品质性状及主要农艺性状进行分析，结果表明，“咸水禾”品种具有一定的耐盐性，可用1／5海水灌溉，但其耐盐性不高；灌溉水含盐量的高低，对株高和穗粒结构影响较大；3个品种的出糙率均偏低，外观品质较差，并指出出增强抗盐性、提高品质应是目前改良耐盐水稻地方品种的主攻方向。     

甘蔗品种过氧化物酶同工酶稳定性分析

以不同甘蔗品种为材料,用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,进行同一品种在不同种植地区及同一植株不同叶位的同工酶酶谱比较。结果表明,不同品种其酶谱在酶带强度、带数及Rf上有明显的区别,但同一品种在不同种植地区、不同植株、同一植株不同叶位其酶诺无明显差异,体现了同工酶作为品种标记的稳定性。     

甘蔗品种过氧化物酶同工酶稳定性分析

以不同甘蔗品种为材料,用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,进行同一品种在不同种植地区及同一植株不同叶位的同工酶酶谱比较。结果表明,不同品种其酶谱在酶带强度,带数及Ｒｆ上有明显的区别,但同一品种在不同种植地区,不同植株,同一植株不同叶位其酶谱无明显差异,体现了同工酶作为品种标记的稳定性。     

藻类的维生素

Ⅱ.在藻类中维生素的形态藻类的维生素是以什么样的形态存在杉藻体内呢?这个问题在考虑利用藻类做为食品或饲料,或研究藻类的营养生理时,都相当重要。直到今天,对藻类中的维生素 C、原维生素A 及 D 的形态及有关类似物质的研究,都进行了一些,但书面报导还不多,现准备将海藻中B 群的形态及有关类似物质叙述一下。     

时空协同的精准农业遥感研究

高分辨率遥感对地观测为我们从空间与时间2个维度客观反演地表格局—过程提供了有效的技术支撑。本文遵循时空协同的研究思路,基于高分辨率遥感影像,开展了农业遥感领域2个典型的问题研究：① 提出了一种基于影像视觉特征的耕地分区分层提取方法,该方法在利用DEM数据进行分区的基础上,根据不同区域内耕地所呈现的几何特征和纹理特征差异,分别设计了不同的耕地提取模型;② 构建了一种地块尺度的作物生长参数反演方法,方法以地块为基本单元,在空间、时间及属性组合约束下进行作物理化参数反演。本研究以贵州省安顺市西秀区和广西扶绥县耕地提取进行了耕地地块提取示范,以扶绥县进行了基于耕地地块和中空间分辨率时间序列遥感数据的甘蔗叶面积指数反演。其中,对于安顺市西秀区的耕地地块提取结果而言,形态精度（IoU）大于0.7的地块超过60%,规则耕地、梯田以及林草地等的类型精度均超过了80%;对于扶绥县甘蔗叶面积指数反演的结果而言,其结果可以较为精确地反映出基地甘蔗与非基地甘蔗的差异,基地甘蔗在品质上要优于非基地甘蔗。西南山地区的耕地形态提取/类型判别和地块甘蔗叶面积指数应用验证均证明了方法的可行性。结果表明,协同使用多源高分辨率数据是实现精准农业遥感研究的有效途径。     

不同甘蔗品种锤度与糖分的关系

使用大田实验数据和实验室数据建立了实验室锤度和田间锤度与甘蔗糖分关系的数学模型。统计分析表明 ,实验室锤度、田间锤度与糖分间均存在显著的线性关系 ,并且实验室锤度———糖分关系与大田锤度———糖分关系存在显著性 (α =0 .0 5 )差异 ;而不同甘蔗品种间的田间锤度———糖分关系无显著性差异 (α =0 .0 5 )。故不同的取样方法应使用不同的方程来估计甘蔗糖分 ;而不同甘蔗品种间田间锤度———糖分关系可用同一模型来描述。对三个供试甘蔗品种应用该模型进行实测验证 ,实测与预测值的相对误差均在 7%以内。     

药剂点心防治甘蔗螟虫的初步试验

用4种药剂对甘蔗植株进行点心防治甘蔗螟虫,结果表明;各处理都可减少螟害节率,对甘蔗条螟的防治效果显著,其中以（90％敌百虫晶体30g＋18％杀虫双水剂40g）／133m2效果最好,校正防效达83．3％,降低螟害节率33％。     

Early development of grateloupia turuturu (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta)

Grateloupia turuturu is a commercial red alga with potential value in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. To supplement information on its life history and verify whether carpospores can be used for seedling culture, early development of G. turuturu was investigated under culture conditions (27°C, 10-13 mol/(m2.s) in irradiance, photoperiod 10:14 h L:D). Three physiological stages were recognized by continuous microscopic observation: division stage, discoid crust stage, and juvenile seedling stage. At the beginning of the division stage, the carpospores developed germ tubes into which the carpospore protoplasm was evacuated, and then the carpospore protoplasm in the germ tubes began to divide continuously until discoid crusts formed. Finally, upright thalli appeared on the discoid crusts and developed into juvenile seedlings. It took about 60 days for carpospores to develop into juvenile seedlings. The growth parameters, including germination rate for carpospores and discoid crust diameter, were recorded. These results contribute more information on the life cycle, and at the same time are of great significance in the scaling-up of artificial seedling cultures of G. turuturu.     

马氏珠母贝育珠细胞小片和珠核处理技术研究Ⅲ:插核手术贝伤口区弧菌类型的初步研究

从马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)插核部位蘸取组织液分离弧菌,研究插核手术前后室内休养3 d时伤口部位弧菌类型的变化,比较使用不同小片和珠核处理液对手术伤口部位弧菌类型的影响。形态和生理生化特征分型和鉴定结果显示,插核前和休养期贝样上分离的优势弧菌类型无明显差异,只是休养期弧菌的分离频率有所下降;从术后不同处理组的马氏珠母贝伤口上均分离得到7个类型弧菌,弧菌所属的种类也一致,而从未插核的对照组相应部位上只分离到4个类型弧菌,除未分离到副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)外,对照组与两个处理组贝样上分离到的弧菌种类基本上一致。     

Early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm （Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta）

1 INTRODUCTION Red algae C. ocellatus lives in temperate zone of coastal area, and inhabits at substrates from high tide to low tide regions. Its life history is composed of three phases: tetrasporophyte, gametophyte and carposporophyte. Chondrus is one o…     

潍坊北部海咸水入侵特征及现状评价

潍坊北部是我国典型的海咸水入侵区,通过资料收集、海咸水入侵专项调查、地质环境监测与实验、样品分析测试和室内综合分析研究,基本查清了海咸水入侵发展及演化历史。工作区海咸水入侵发展过程可划分为发生和发展、快速发展、慢速发展和稳定发展4个阶段,目前处于稳定发展期。利用2012年水质测试结果,选取Cl-、矿化度、SO2-4,rHCO-3/rCl-,K+等指标作为评价因子,运用模糊数学的方法,对潍坊北部海(咸)水入侵区入侵程度的现状做出综合评价;结合工作区海咸水入侵的特征和现状,针对性地提出了今后的防治重点和对策。     

基于数字有机体存储系统配额机制的设计与实现

在数字有机体存储系统中,一个用户可能同时登陆多个站点,并分别在不同的登陆站点上消耗分散在不同地域的存储资源.如何管理用户配额成为亟待解决的问题.所设计和实现的配额机制将用户的配额控制分散开,能够同时处理多用户、多并发的配额请求,达到配额的异步分配的目的,并且为用户的配额信息设置了3个缺省副本,保证配额信息的可靠性.     

雷州半岛甘蔗的营养状况

通过对雷州半岛蔗区甘蔗营养状况的普查 ,利用数理统计方法 ,分析了养分间、养分与经济性状间的相关关系。结果表明 :增N、提高土壤pH值可显著提高茎长 ,茎长的提高可促进单茎重、工业蔗产量、含糖量极显著提高。增K、Mg可显著提高有效茎 ,有效茎的提高可促进工业蔗产量显著提高 ,却导致锤度显著下降。偏施Mg会导致锤度极显著下降。因而采取的措施为增N、K ,合理配施镁含量低的石灰和P肥 ,以促进茎长、单茎重、有效茎的提高 ,从而提高产量 ;控施Mg肥 ,达到提高糖分含量的目的     

Formation and early development of tetraspores of Polysiphonia urceolata (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta)

Polysiphonia urceolata is one type of potential commercial red seaweeds used for breeding and cultivation, because of its significant biochemical and biomedical application. However, the information of breeding and seedling incubation for cultivation is limited, especially the early development. In this study, tetrasporohyte and gametophyte of P. urceolata were taken as the study materials in Huiquan Bay, Qingdao, China. The cleaned and sterilized tetrasporophytes and gametophytes were pre-cultured in sterilized seawater, then nurtured at 18℃, 25 μmol photons m-2 s-1 in 12:12 h (light:dark) photoperiod. Continuous observation under microscope showed that the early development consists of bipolar division stage and seedling stage. In the division stage, tetraspores germinate into bipolar sporelings that further differentiate into a colorless rhizoidal portion and a lightly pigmented upright shoot. The lightly pigmented rhizoidal cell develops to a rhizoid and the larger pigmented cell transforms to an erect axis. In the seedling stage, several quasi-protuberances appear on the erect axis and form juvenile seedlings. The results demonstrate the culture of P. urceolata from tetraspores under laboratory conditions.     

The hydrochemical features of salt lakes in Qaidam Basin

There are 37 lakes in the Qaidam Basin: 1 freshwater lake, 6 brackish-water lakes, 2 saline-water lakes and 28 salt lakes. The pH value of salt lake brines is 7.014 on the average, and the average total mineralization is 340.75 g/1. Their water bodies belong mainly to the five-component equilibrium system,: Na, K, Mg//SO₄, Cl-H₂O, which can be further grouped into sodium-magnesium sulfate subtype, magnesium sulfate subtype, chloride transition subtype and chloride type water by their hydrochemical property. The salt lake brines of the first salt forming epoch (N₂−Q₃) were of the sulfate type. In the second salt forming epoch (Q₃−Q₄), some of them were of the chloride type. The pH value of brines decreases with the increase of total mineralization. The pH value is lower when the total mineralization is from 50–310 g/l and higher when the total mineralization is from 310–355 g/l, however, when the total mineralization is higher than 355 g/l, the pH value decreases slowly again. The total mineralization of the chloride type and the chloride transition subtype brine is higher than the sulfate type, being 310–530 g/l, 310–470 g/l, and less than 355 g/l in that order. Of the 40 chemical compositions in the saline lake brines in Qaidam Basin, potassium is mainly concentrated in the chloride type and chloride transition subtype brine, boron and lithium mainly in the sulfate type. Evaporation experiments show that boron and lithium are accumulated in concentrated brine until crystallization of bischofite takes place. Potassium is also accumulated in concentrated brine during the salt forming stage, but its concentration decreases with the increase of total mineralization during the potassium forming stage. This paper was published in Chinese inOcean. et Limn. Sinica;15 (4):341–359, 1984.