不同组合模型区域滑坡易发性及精度分析

为探索区域滑坡易发性评价模型的适用性和评价结果的合理性,以滑坡灾害高发的白龙江流域为研究区,首先选取坡度、地形起伏度、距断层距离、地层岩性、流域沟壑密度、植被指数等6项影响滑坡发生的孕灾因子作为易发性的评价指标,以研究区2 093处滑坡灾害点为样本数据,依据各指标条件下的信息量值、确定性系数值和证据权重值曲线突变规律,并结合滑坡面积及分级面积频率比曲线作为等级划分的临界值来确定因子分级状态;其次,基于指标因子状态分级和相关性分析结果,采用信息量法、确定性系数法、证据权法分别与逻辑回归组合的3种模型开展区域滑坡灾害易发性评价,并从模型结果、适用性和精度等方面采用多手段对3种组合模型进行比较和讨论。研究结果表明:在区域滑坡易发性评价方面,3组模型均表现较为理想,信息量和逻辑回归组合模型的预测精度为94.6%,其预测精度和准确性优于其他2种组合模型。笔者以白龙江流域中游及其岷江支流段为例,开展滑坡灾害易发性评价模型适用性、评价结果分析以及预测精度评价对比和研究等,成果可为该区地质灾害防灾减灾和国土空间用途管制规划决策提供参考。     

逻辑回归和信息量模型在山区滑坡易发性评价中适宜性的分析

以万山区为例,在区域滑坡孕灾条件的基础上,筛选工程地质岩组、斜坡结构、平均坡度、地貌、距构造距离及距河流距离共6个易发条件因子,选取逻辑回归模型和信息量模型对山区滑坡进行易发性评价。结果显示逻辑回归模型中中高易发区面积占比分别为1578%和1970%,82%的地质灾害点落在该区域内;信息量模型中中高易发区面积占比为1241%、2519%,包含了区域88%的滑坡灾害点。最后通过实际发生的灾害点在各易发区的分布情况进行检验,逻辑回归模型中灾害点落在高易发区的比例远小于信息量模型,且高易发等级中灾害点实际发生的比值较小,说明针对山区区域滑坡地质灾害易发性评价结果预测上,信息量模型的评价结果更为客观准确。     

基于信息量与Logistic模型的矿区滑坡灾害易发性评价

针对矿区长期煤矿开采引起的滑坡灾害频发问题,快速高效地模拟和评价矿致滑坡灾害易发性是实现采矿地区科学防灾减灾的关键。基于此,本文应用信息量与Logistic回归模型结合多源高分辨率光学遥感数据等,选取相对高差、坡度、坡向、距断层距离、NDVI、距采空区距离6个滑坡影响因子来评价采煤矿区滑坡灾害易发性。结果表明:(1)信息量与Logistic回归模型耦合的综合预测准确率为96%,信息量模型滑坡预测准确率为95%,实验结果表明耦合模型的预测精度优于单一信息量评价模型,评价模型的合理性和预测精度皆符合检验要求;(2)研究结果也表明了采用信息量+Logistic回归模型耦合能较为客观准确、快速高效地评价地下采矿引起的滑坡灾害易发范围,评价结果可为类似地区高效快速划定滑坡灾害易发区间提供技术支撑。     

基于不同耦合模型的县域滑坡易发性评价对比分析

为有效预测县域滑坡发生的空间概率,探索不同统计学耦合模型滑坡易发性定量评价结果的合理性和精度,以四川省普格县为研究对象。选取坡度、坡向、高程、工程地质岩组、断层和斜坡结构等6项孕灾因子作为评价指标体系,基于信息量模型（I）、确定性系数模型（CF）、证据权模型（WF）、频率比模型（FR）分别与逻辑回归模型（LR）耦合开展滑坡易发性评价。结果表明:各耦合模型评价结果和易发程度区划均是合理的,极高易发区主要分布于则木河、黑水河河谷两侧斜坡带,面积介于129.04～183.43 km2（占比6.77%～9.62%）,各模型评价精度依次为WF-LR模型（AUC=0.869）>I-LR模型（AUC=0.868）>CF-LR模型（AUC=0.866）>NFR-LR模型（AUC=0.858）。研究成果可为川西南山区县域滑坡易发性定量评估提供重要参考。     

基于信息量、加权信息量与逻辑回归耦合模型的云南罗平县崩滑灾害易发性评价对比分析CSCD

以罗平县崩滑地质灾害为研究对象,选取工程岩组、坡度、坡向、高程、起伏度、曲率、地貌类型、距河流距离、距断裂距离9个评价因子,基于共线性诊断和相关性分析对其进行独立性检验。然后采用信息量法计算各评价因子分类分级的信息量值,采用层次分析法和逻辑回归法对各评价因子进行权重的定量计算,从而构建信息量、加权信息量和信息量-逻辑回归耦合易发性评价模型并进行对比分析。基于GIS的自然断点法将评价结果划分为非、低、中和高4个等级,并采用ROC曲线对其精度进行检验。结果表明:3种评价模型的AUC值分别为0.757、0.723和0.852,信息量-逻辑回归耦合模型的精度最高,模型结果分区与崩滑地质灾害点的分布较吻合,其非、低、中和高的面积(分级比)分别为771.1 km^(2)(25.55%)、836.6 km^(2)(27.73%)、864.36 km^(2)(28.64%)和545.94 km^(2)(18.08%)。     

基于信息量、加权信息量与逻辑回归耦合模型的云南罗平县崩滑灾害易发性评价对比分析CSCD

以罗平县崩滑地质灾害为研究对象,选取工程岩组、坡度、坡向、高程、起伏度、曲率、地貌类型、距河流距离、距断裂距离9个评价因子,基于共线性诊断和相关性分析对其进行独立性检验。然后采用信息量法计算各评价因子分类分级的信息量值,采用层次分析法和逻辑回归法对各评价因子进行权重的定量计算,从而构建信息量、加权信息量和信息量-逻辑回归耦合易发性评价模型并进行对比分析。基于GIS的自然断点法将评价结果划分为非、低、中和高4个等级,并采用ROC曲线对其精度进行检验。结果表明:3种评价模型的AUC值分别为0.757、0.723和0.852,信息量-逻辑回归耦合模型的精度最高,模型结果分区与崩滑地质灾害点的分布较吻合,其非、低、中和高的面积(分级比)分别为771.1 km^(2)(25.55%)、836.6 km^(2)(27.73%)、864.36 km^(2)(28.64%)和545.94 km^(2)(18.08%)。     

贵州省都匀市滑坡易发性评价研究

都匀市是贵州省城镇滑坡地质灾害多发频发区。文章以都匀市沙包堡镇为研究区,采用栅格单元提取高程、坡度、岩性、水系等9项致灾因子,分别使用都基于数学统计模型的定量分析方法（二元逻辑回归模型、信息量模型）和定性分析方法（层次分析模型）对都匀市研究区滑坡地质灾害易发性进行评价。结果表明:二元逻辑回归模型预测精度与预测效果均为最优,其ROC曲线下面积AUC值为0.873,易发性分区中高易发区和中易发区内预测发生滑坡面积比占95.41%,且最符合野外实地调查验证情况。评价方法与结果可为贵州城镇地区滑坡地质灾害评价和防治提供借鉴。     

基于多模型的滑坡易发性评价以甘肃岷县地震滑坡为例

2013年7月22日,甘肃省岷县漳县交界处发生了MS6.6级地震(岷县地震),本文以这次地震烈度Ⅷ度区为研究区,根据地震前后遥感影像解译出来的2330个地震滑坡数据,以坡度、坡向、水系、岩性和断层为因子图层,分别应用模糊逻辑法,信息量模型及Shannon熵改进的信息量模型,对研究区的地震滑坡易发性进行评价。结果表明: 1滑坡的高易发性地区位于研究区的中间部分,以及水系0～50m这一缓冲区范围内,离水系越近滑坡易发性等级越高; 2应用ROC曲线对3个模型的易发性评价结果进行比较,信息量模型和Shannon熵改进的信息量模型的AUC值分别为0.8488, 0.8502; 模糊逻辑模型的AUC值为0.7640,表明前两个模型的表现较好,而模糊逻辑模型相对来说表现一般; 3通过对比3个模型中各等级易发性所占的面积比例和各等级易发性中滑坡数目占总数比例,表明Shannon熵改进后的模型更适用于灾害风险评价以及应急风险管理等实际应用。     

基于RBF神经网络?信息量耦合模型的滑坡易发性评价

滑坡易发性评价是滑坡灾害管理的基础工作,也是制定各项防灾减灾措施的重要依据。针对传统的信息量模型在评价过程中确定权重值存在准确性不高的缺点,文章提出RBF神经网络和信息量耦合模型。以甘肃省岷县为研究区,筛选坡度等9个指标因子构建了滑坡灾害易发性评价指标体系,应用RBF神经网络-信息量耦合模型（RBFNN-I）进行滑坡灾害易发性评价,利用合理性检验和ROC曲线对模型的评价结果进行精度检验。结果表明:（1）RBFNN-I模型的AUC值为0.853,相比单一的RBFNN和I模型分别提高了6.3%和9.7%,说明RBFNN-I模型具有更好的评价精度;（2）岷县滑坡灾害的极高易发区和高易发区主要分布在临潭—宕昌断裂带、洮河及其支流、闾井河和蒲麻河两侧河谷地带,距断层距离、降雨量、距道路距离和NDVI是影响岷县滑坡灾害分布的主控因子。     

基于信息量和卷积神经网络的黄土高原滑坡易发性评价

黄土高原在地质环境与人类活动的复杂互馈作用下易导致黄土崩滑灾害频发,亟需选择适用性的影响因子和训练模型开展滑坡易发性评价研究.本研究以黄土高原为研究区,基于野外滑坡调查和资料收集,构建涵盖地形地貌、基础地质环境、气象水文、人类活动、土壤物理化学性质以及植被覆盖的评价体系,采用信息量模型（ Ⅳ）分别联接到随机森林模型（RF）和卷积神经网络模型（CNN）构建耦合模型 Ⅳ-RF和 Ⅳ-CNN,开展滑坡易发性评价研究.结果表明,耦合模型（ Ⅳ-RF、 Ⅳ-CNN）的精度均高于独立模型（RF、CNN）,4种模型的AUC值分别为0.916、0.938、0.878、0.853, Ⅳ-CNN具有更强的预测能力和精度. Ⅳ-CNN模型的极高、高、中、低、极低易发性区域面积占比分别为8.78%、7.47%、15.34%、19.82%、47.87%,主要分布在黄土高原南部和东部地质环境复杂和人类活动强烈的山地、黄土梁峁地区.坡度、侵蚀类型、地貌类型、粘粒含量、距道路距离在贡献率分析中排在前5位,是影响滑坡发育的主控因子.本研究旨在为黄土高原滑坡灾害的预测和防治工作提供可靠的科学依据,为滑坡易发性评价研究深化...     

Ensemble-based landslide susceptibility maps in Jinbu area, Korea

Ensemble techniques were developed, applied and validated for the analysis of landslide susceptibility in Jinbu area, Korea using the geographic information system (GIS). Landslide-occurrence areas were detected in the study by interpreting aerial photographs and field survey data. Landslide locations were randomly selected in a 70/30 ratio for training and validation of the models, respectively. Topography, geology, soil and forest databases were also constructed. Maps relevant to landslide occurrence were assembled in a spatial database. Using the constructed spatial database, 17 landslide-related factors were extracted. The relationships between the detected landslide locations and the factors were identified and quantified by frequency ratio, weight of evidence, logistic regression and artificial neural network models and their ensemble models. The relationships were used as factor ratings in the overlay analysis to create landslide susceptibility indexes and maps. Then, the four landslide susceptibility maps were used as new input factors and integrated using the frequency ratio, weight of evidence, logistic regression and artificial neural network models as ensemble methods to make better susceptibility maps. All of the susceptibility maps were validated by comparison with known landslide locations that were not used directly in the analysis. As the result, the ensemble-based landslide susceptibility map that used the new landslide-related input factor maps showed better accuracy (87.11% in frequency ratio, 83.14% in weight of evidence, 87.79% in logistic regression and 84.54% in artificial neural network) than the individual landslide susceptibility maps (84.94% in frequency ratio, 82.82% in weight of evidence, 87.72% in logistic regression and 81.44% in artificial neural network). All accuracy assessments showed overall satisfactory agreement of more than 80%. The ensemble model was found to be more effective in terms of prediction accuracy than the individual model.     

基于不同模型的赣南地区小型削方滑坡易发性评价对比分析

赣南地区滑坡灾害点多、面广、规模小,具有群发性和突发性的特点,90%以上的滑坡是因人工切坡导致的。为研究赣南地区小型削方滑坡对易发性评价模型的适用性,以赣州市于都县银坑镇为例,基于野外地质调查成果,并利用地理探测器,选取坡度、坡体结构、岩组、断层、道路、植被等6个评价指标,分别选用信息量模型、人工神经网络模型、决策树模...     

Landslide susceptibility mapping using certainty factor, index of entropy and logistic regression models in GIS and their comparison at Mugling�CNarayanghat road section in Nepal Himalaya

Landslide susceptibility maps are vital for disaster management and for planning development activities in the mountainous country like Nepal. In the present study, landslide susceptibility assessment of Mugling?CNarayanghat road and its surrounding area is made using bivariate (certainty factor and index of entropy) and multivariate (logistic regression) models. At first, a landslide inventory map was prepared using earlier reports and aerial photographs as well as by carrying out field survey. As a result, 321 landslides were mapped and out of which 241 (75?%) were randomly selected for building landslide susceptibility models, while the remaining 80 (25?%) were used for validating the models. The effectiveness of landslide susceptibility assessment using GIS and statistics is based on appropriate selection of the factors which play a dominant role in slope stability. In this case study, the following landslide conditioning factors were evaluated: slope gradient; slope aspect; altitude; plan curvature; lithology; land use; distance from faults, rivers and roads; topographic wetness index; stream power index; and sediment transport index. These factors were prepared from topographic map, drainage map, road map, and the geological map. Finally, the validation of landslide susceptibility map was carried out using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The ROC plot estimation results showed that the susceptibility map using index of entropy model with AUC value of 0.9016 has highest prediction accuracy of 90.16?%. Similarly, the susceptibility maps produced using logistic regression model and certainty factor model showed 86.29 and 83.57?% of prediction accuracy, respectively. Furthermore, the ROC plot showed that the success rate of all the three models performed more than 80?% accuracy (i.e. 89.15?% for IOE model, 89.10?% for LR model and 87.21?% for CF model). Hence, it is concluded that all the models employed in this study showed reasonably good accuracy in predicting the landslide susceptibility of Mugling?CNarayanghat road section. These landslide susceptibility maps can be used for preliminary land use planning and hazard mitigation purpose.     

Landslide susceptibility mapping of the Sera River Basin using logistic regression model

Of the natural hazards in Turkey, landslides are the second most devastating in terms of socio-economic losses, with the majority of landslides occurring in the Eastern Black Sea Region. The aim of this study is to use a statistical approach to carry out a landslide susceptibility assessment in one area at great risk from landslides: the Sera River Basin located in the Eastern Black Sea Region. This paper applies a multivariate statistical approach in the form of a logistics regression model to explore the probability distribution of future landslides in the region. The model attempts to find the best fitting function to describe the relationship between the dependent variable, here the presence or absence of landslides in a region and a set of independent parameters contributing to the occurrence of landslides. The dependent variable (0 for the absence of landslides and 1 for the presence of landslides) was generated using landslide data retrieved from an existing database and expert opinion. The database has information on a few landslides in the region, but is not extensive or complete, and thus unlike those normally used for research. Slope, angle, relief, the natural drainage network (including distance to rivers and the watershed index) and lithology were used as independent parameters in this study. The effect of each parameter was assessed using the corresponding coefficient in the logistic regression function. The results showed that the natural drainage network plays a significant role in determining landslide occurrence and distribution. Landslide susceptibility was evaluated using a predicted map of probability. Zones with high and medium susceptibility to landslides make up 38.8 % of the study area and are located mostly south of the Sera River Basin and along streams.     

Combining landslide susceptibility maps obtained from frequency ratio,logistic regression,and artificial neural network models using ASTER images and GIS

Landslide-related factors were extracted from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images, and integrated techniques were developed, applied, and verified for the analysis of landslide susceptibility in Boun, Korea, using a geographic information system (GIS). Digital elevation model (DEM), lineament, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and land-cover factors were extracted from the ASTER images for analysis. Slope, aspect, and curvature were calculated from a DEM topographic database. Using the constructed spatial database, the relationships between the detected landslide locations and six related factors were identified and quantified using frequency ratio (FR), logistic regression (LR), and artificial neural network (ANN) models. These relationships were used as factor ratings in an overlay analysis to create landslide susceptibility indices and maps. Three landslide susceptibility maps were then combined and applied as new input factors in the FR, LR, and ANN models to make improved susceptibility maps. All of the susceptibility maps were verified by comparison with known landslide locations not used for training the models. The combined landslide susceptibility maps created using three landslide-related input factors showed improved accuracy (87.00% in FR, 88.21% in LR, and 86.51% in ANN models) compared to the individual landslide susceptibility maps (84.34% in FR, 85.40% in LR, and 74.29% in ANN models) generated using the six factors from the ASTER images.     

Landslide susceptibility mapping in the Damrei Romel area, Cambodia using frequency ratio and logistic regression models

This study applied, tested and compared a probability model, a frequency ratio and statistical model, a logistic regression to Damre Romel area, Cambodia, using a geographic information system. For landslide susceptibility mapping, landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs and field surveys, and a spatial database was constructed from topographic maps, geology and land cover. The factors that influence landslide occurrence, such as slope, aspect, curvature and distance from drainage were calculated from the topographic database. Lithology and distance from lineament were extracted and calculated from the geology database. Land cover was classified from Landsat TM satellite imagery. The relationship between the factors and the landslides was calculated using frequency ratio and logistic regression models. The relationships, frequency ratio and logistic regression coefficient were overlaid to make landslide susceptibility map. Then the landslide susceptibility map was compared with known landslide locations and tested. As the result, the frequency ratio model (86.97%) and the logistic regression (86.37%) had high and similar prediction accuracy. The landslide susceptibility map can be used to reduce hazards associated with landslides and to land cover planning.     

Landslide susceptibility mapping by binary logistic regression, analytical hierarchy process, and statistical index models and assessment of their performances

The current research presents a detailed landslide susceptibility mapping study by binary logistic regression, analytical hierarchy process, and statistical index models and an assessment of their performances. The study area covers the north of Tehran metropolitan, Iran. When conducting the study, in the first stage, a landslide inventory map with a total of 528 landslide locations was compiled from various sources such as aerial photographs, satellite images, and field surveys. Then, the landslide inventory was randomly split into a testing dataset 70 % (370 landslide locations) for training the models, and the remaining 30 % (158 landslides locations) was used for validation purpose. Twelve landslide conditioning factors such as slope degree, slope aspect, altitude, plan curvature, normalized difference vegetation index, land use, lithology, distance from rivers, distance from roads, distance from faults, stream power index, and slope-length were considered during the present study. Subsequently, landslide susceptibility maps were produced using binary logistic regression (BLR), analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and statistical index (SI) models in ArcGIS. The validation dataset, which was not used in the modeling process, was considered to validate the landslide susceptibility maps using the receiver operating characteristic curves and frequency ratio plot. The validation results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for three mentioned models vary from 0.7570 to 0.8520 $ ({\text{AUC}}_{\text{AHP}} = 75.70\;\% ,\;{\text{AUC}}_{\text{SI}} = 80.37\;\% ,\;{\text{and}}\;{\text{AUC}}_{\text{BLR}} = 85.20\;\% ) $ ( AUC AHP = 75.70 % , AUC SI = 80.37 % , and AUC BLR = 85.20 % ) . Also, plot of the frequency ratio for the four landslide susceptibility classes of the three landslide susceptibility models was validated our results. Hence, it is concluded that the binary logistic regression model employed in this study showed reasonably good accuracy in predicting the landslide susceptibility of study area. Meanwhile, the results obtained in this study also showed that the statistical index model can be used as a simple tool in the assessment of landslide susceptibility when a sufficient number of data are obtained.     

浙江省永嘉县滑坡灾害危险性区划

永嘉县是浙江省滑坡灾害发生频繁的区县之一,其滑坡受地质、地形和人类工程活动等因素的影响。本文根据永嘉县滑坡灾害分布情况,选择了影响滑坡分布的主要因素,将各种因子归一化处理后转换成相同分辨率的定量数据,选择了逻辑回归分析模型和信息量模型进行滑坡灾害危险性评价。在逻辑回归模型中,利用SPSS软件,通过逐步回归分析筛选出影响滑坡的最直接的因子,计算出各个因子的回归系数,得到逻辑回归方程,据此编制了危险性预测分区图。在信息量模型中,通过MAPGIS软件及其二次开发的信息量模型,对永嘉县滑坡灾害进行了危险性区划,并依信息量法的结果编制了该区的危险性预测分区图。两种方法所编制的危险性分区图中高危险区和中危险区重合率达到了87%,具有很高的一致性,起到了相互验证的作用,为滑坡的有效防治提供了依据。最后根据"云娜"台风期间永嘉县实际灾害发生情况的资料分析,新灾害点绝大部分落在危险性预测区中的高危险区,表明模型的预测准确率很高。     

Quantitative landslide susceptibility mapping at Pemalang area,Indonesia

For quantitative landslide susceptibility mapping, this study applied and verified a frequency ratio, logistic regression, and artificial neural network models to Pemalang area, Indonesia, using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs, satellite imagery, and field surveys; a spatial database was constructed from topographic and geological maps. The factors that influence landslide occurrence, such as slope gradient, slope aspect, curvature of topography, and distance from stream, were calculated from the topographic database. Lithology was extracted and calculated from geologic database. Using these factors, landslide susceptibility indexes were calculated by frequency ratio, logistic regression, and artificial neural network models. Then the landslide susceptibility maps were verified and compared with known landslide locations. The logistic regression model (accuracy 87.36%) had higher prediction accuracy than the frequency ratio (85.60%) and artificial neural network (81.70%) models. The models can be used to reduce hazards associated with landslides and to land-use planning.