微动台阵法探测地下结构的实验研究

应用微动台阵法在江汉平原和长江大堤开展应用实验。结果表明,空间自相关法比频率-波数法结果更为稳定;通过变换台阵的尺寸可以探测浅至数米深至数百米的地下结构信息;利用台阵在空间上的平移观测可获取地下二维及三维的结构信息。     

Analysis on dam-breaking mode of Tangjiashan barrier dam in Beichuan county

Tangjiashan landslide is a typical high-speed consequent landslide of medium-steep dip angle. This landslide triggered by earthquake took place in about semi-minute. The relative sliding displacement is 900 meters, so average sliding speed is about 30 meters per second. The longitudinal length of barrier dam which is formed by high-speed landslide along river is 803.4 meters; and maximum width crossing river is 611.8 meters. And its volume is estimated about 20.37 million steres. Through detailed geological investigation of the barrier dam, together with early geological information before earthquake, geological structures of the barrier dam and its stability of upstream and downstream slopes are studied when water level reaches different elevations in condition of continual after shocks with seismic intensity of 7 or 8 Richter scale. On this basis, dam-breaking mode of barrier dam is discussed deeply. Thereby, analytic results provide significant guidance and advices to front headquarters of Tangjiashan barrier dam, so that some proper engineering measures can be implemented and flood discharge can be carried out well.     

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分析室内二维砂槽弥散试验数据的方法

将描述半无限域上的一维稳定渗流二维水动力弥散条件下的溶质浓度在空间上变化规律的近似解析解进行适当变换 ,推导出可用于分析相应条件下的室内砂槽弥散试验数据 ,同时估计多孔介质纵向与横向弥散度aL 和aT 的计算公式。最后 ,利用算例说明了数据分析方法的应用步骤。     

A 3-D morphological approach on spatial form and cultural identity of ethnic mountain settlements: Case from Guizhou,China

Ethnic mountain settlements are living heritage of varied vernacular cultures. The preservation of both the built form and the intangible socio-cultural associations with them are global concern in process of urbanization, and in the notion of sustainable development. However, there is a lack of multi-dimensional and cross-cultural quantitative research in settlement morphology, making it difficult to guide practice effectively. Therefore, this study focuses on exploring an automatic or semi-automatic quantification and classification method for the morphological identity of ethnic mountain settlements. We introduce and combine 3-D morphological indicators with existing 2-D indicators to build and test three different sets of indication systems for semi-automatic classification for the settlements' ethnic attribute basing on spatial morphology. Taking the Miao, Dong, and Tunpu(Han) ethnic settlements in Guizhou province, southwest China as research samples, we applied factor analysis and hierarchical clustering methods to compare the classification accuracy under the three systems using data from topographic map, field investigation map, satellite imageries, and ethnography or local chronicle. The results showed that, the 3-D indication system has succeeded in semi-automatic quantification and classification of settlement morphology and ethnic identity by greatly increasing the classification accuracy to 96.30%, which is a huge improvement compared with the basic 2-D indication system(42.59%) and the advanced 2-D indication system(61.11%). The settlement samples are further divided into two sub-types with significant morphological differences in each major ethnic category under the 3-D indication system. We then discussed the potential improvement and future large-scale application of this method with the help of machine learning and other smart techniques. We hope to provide a comprehensive quantitative perspective and a more scientific reference for the future preservation and sustainable development of the massive and diverse vernacular heritages across the world.     

利用HVSR法探测渭河盆地浅部构造

利用渭河盆地眉县至扶风段地震测线的连续地震背景噪声数据,基于噪声水平和垂直向谱比（HVSR）法,得到各台站HVSR曲线;再通过频率与深度的转换关系,获得测线下方近地表第四系沉积层结构埋深。结果显示,盆地第四系沉积层厚度呈U型分布,由盆地两侧向中间腹部逐渐变厚,两侧厚度为100~400 m,中部厚度为400~600 m;沉积层深度剖面在距测线起点25 km和33 km处明显表现出沉积界面间断跳跃特征,该变化与岐山-马召断裂和扶风-乾县断裂在空间位置上有较好的一致性。     

基于谱-有限元法的SNERI地球模型固体潮形变计算

基于谱-有限元法计算一个球型、非自转、完全弹性、各向同性(SNERI)的地球固体潮形变,其中地球固体部分潮汐形变的弱解用哈密顿变分原理给出,液核部分的弱解采用静态中性分层的流体近似。计算过程中把SNERI地球进行等间距球层剖分,球面上对解函数和试探函数采用球谐展开,径向上采用线性插值。比较数值计算结果与同质地球模型的解析解结果得出,1 km径向等距剖分即可获得10~(-8)精度量级的低阶Love数。基于PREM地球模型的计算结果表明,谱-有限元法计算的固体潮2～3阶Love数与Runge-Kutta法的计算值差异在10~(-4)量级;与武汉台超导重力仪8个主潮波的实测重力潮汐因子相比,本方法计算的理论重力潮汐因子相差平均约0.15%。研究结果说明,谱-有限元法具有较好的收敛性与较高的计算精度,比传统Runge-Kutta法更适用于高精度地计算复杂地球模型的固体潮形变。     

Determination Method for Shear Strength Parameters of Rock-Soil Mixtures Using Close-Range Photogrammetry and 3-D Limit Equilibrium Theory

Using a combination of close-range photogrammetry and three-dimensional(3-D) limit equilibrium theory, a determination method for the shear strength parameters of rock-soil mixture is presented. A close-range photogrammetry method is used for measurement of the 3-D terrain of the experimental target. Auto CAD Lisp and EXCEL VBA are used to perform 3-D limit equilibrium analysis of the stability of sliding mass and perform backanalysis of shear strength parameters. The presented method was used to determine the shear strength parameters of rock-soil mixtures at the Liyuan Hydropower Station. The 3-D terrain of sliding surface could be measured notably well using of closerange photogrammetry. The computed results reveal that the cohesion and friction angle of rock-soil mixtures were 3.15 k Pa and 29.88o for test A, respectively, and 4.43 k Pa and 28.30o for test B, respectively, within the range of shear strength parameters, as determined by field and laboratory tests. The computation of shear strength parameters is influenced by the mesh grid number, especially the cohesion of the rock-soil mixture. The application of close-range photogrammetry can reduce the siteworks and improve the computational efficiency and accuracy.