��GPS������ɽ�ֽ�ؿDZ�����Ӧ���ʳ�

?????й??????????????1999~2013????й?????????????????2009~2013???GPS????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????й????????????????????????????????????????????????Σ?77°E?????????45×10^-9/a???????????Σ?86°E?????????10×10^-9/a;2)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????50~60??×10^-9/a??????????????40~50??×10^-9/a????????GPS?????????????10~15??mm/a??????????????????;3)?????????????????????????????????38°N?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????к?????????????????????????????????????????????Σ??????????????10~20??×10^-9/a???????????????;4)??????????????????????????????????б??Σ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????40×10^-9/a??5)????????????????λ???????????78°E??????????????30×10^-9/a??     

�½���Դ���;�����6.6������ǰ�������仯

?????й??????????????1998-2010???????????????????????????????????????????????????????仯???????????о???2012??6??30?????????????????6.6?????????????????????????????????????????????????1???????仯????????????????????п????????????仯??????????????????????????????????????????仯Ч???2????????????????????????????????????????????????г????????????????????3??????????????????仯?????????80×10^-8ms^-2,????????6.6??????????????????????????仯???????????????仯??????????Ρ?     

�Ͷ��������������쳣�빹������

????????????????????????????e???-???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????仯??Χ?-45×10^-5ms^-2??45×10^-5ms^-2????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????о??????????-????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ms5.1????????????????????????????????????????????????     

���ڵ���������������������̽��

??????е??????????????淶????DZ/T 0082??2006????????????????±??????γ?????????????????????????????????Li??Gotze??1996????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????3????????ж????????????????й?????????????????????????????????й?????????????淶?е???????????????????????????????????н???????????0.24×10^-5 m/s²???????????????????????????????     

�й��������������������۲�������

??????й????????????????????????????FG5/232????????????2007??3??6?????й??????????12?????????????????????????????????????????3????????????????????????????????????2??10 ^-8 ms ^-2??     

�µ�������ˮ׼��ģ����ο�����ˮ׼����

?????????????????CEGM02????????LRO_LTM02??????????????α?????????????ο??????棬??????????????棬??????λ??W0??=2 822 327.8±16.2 m² s^-2??????????????????????????????????1 737 462 m??????????1/2 579?????????1/6 863??????????-76.8 ″??????ο???????òο??????????????????????????????????????С?60×10^-5ms^-2??????????????25×10^-5ms^-2?????????????-325.9 ??389.1 m??     

GPS�۲�Լ���µ��й���½��ؿ��˶�ѧģ��

?????й??????????1 683??GPS??????????????????31???????????????????????????Щ?????????30???????????????????????????20 mm/a?????????????硣????н????????????????????????????????????????????ε????????????????????GPS???????????????????????????й??????????ε???????????????????????????????????????????6~18 mm/a,???й??????????1~4 mm/a,????????????????￡????????????????β???10??10 ^-9/a, ??50~100 km????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????鹹?????????????????????ε???????????     

������ֱ�ݶȷ����Ա仯�о�

???????????????????????????????????????????????????80 cm??130 cm??????????????????????仯??????0.02×10^-8 ms^-2/cm??????????仯????仯??????????????????????FG5??A10???????????????????????????????????????????????????仯????????     

Ǭ��̨�����α�����ͬ����Ӧ�����о�

??????????б?????????????????о?????2001????????????????????????????????????????????α????????????????????????沨?????????????????????????????????????????о????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????й??     

�½������ֽ�ˮƽ�α估�䶯̬�仯

????1999??2007??2009??2011???GPS???????????????????1999??2007????????????????????????????????????????С?????????С????????????2009??2011???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1999??2007?????????????60??10 ^-9/a??λ??????????山?????????-????????-???????????????????????2009??2011??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????С?????????Χ????????????60??10 ^-9/a??????????1999??2007???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2009??2011?????????η????????????????????????????????????20??10 ^-9 rad/a??С??4??10 ^-9 rad/a?????????????????????4??10 ^-9 rad/a????25??10 ^-9 rad/a?????????????????????????????????????40??10 ^-9 rad/a????Щ???????????????????α???????     

中国沿海不同海潮模型的倾斜负荷分析

采用积分格林函数方法及6种全球海潮模型（CSR4.0,EOT11a,FES2004,GOT4.7,NAO99b和TPXO7.2）和中国近海潮汐资料,计算了我国沿海大地控制点上的海潮倾斜负荷效应。通过标准差、均方根RMS及和方根RSS等综合分析表明,海潮倾斜负荷普遍为10^-8rad量级,最大达10^-7rad量级。在中国沿海区域,各模型差异较大,应针对不同区域采用更适合本区的模型计算。     

不同海潮模型对GNSS站负荷位移计算的影响

基于古登堡平均地球模型和积分格林函数方法,利用中国近海海潮模型Chinasea 2010、Naoregional 1999和全球海潮模型EOT11a,计算中国沿海GNSS连续运行站上的海潮位移负荷影响,并对其均方根RMS及和方根RSS进行综合分析。结果表明,2种近海模型分潮波位移负荷差异水平分量大部分为亚mm级,垂直分量普遍为mm级,最大达5.8 mm;Chinasea 2010模型比Naoregional 1999模型在中国海域覆盖面积大,2种模型在黄海和东海海域差异较大,在渤海和南海海域差异较小;模型差异与测站位置及潮波频率均有关系,应比较观测资料的负荷改正效果,择优采用适宜本区域的模型。     

��ͬģ���º������ɶԸ߾���GPS������Ӱ��

???й?????????IGS????,??????FES2004????????NAO99b?????????????????????????????????λ?????????????????????????????????λ????????cm??????????????U????????????????????????3~4????????????????????????????????mm????????????????????????С????????????????GPS????????????????10^-8??????????????????????????????????С??mm?????????????????????????????1 cm??     

高精度大地测量中倾斜及应变观测的海潮改正

基于卫星测高资料得到的CSR4 .0全球海潮模型精度已明显优于早期海潮模型 ,采用精度高的海潮模型重新计算海潮改正是当今高精度大地测量中必须解决的问题。利用CSR4 .0全球海潮模型顾及中国近海海潮图计算了海潮引起中国测站的倾斜及应变海潮改正 ,此结果对我国倾斜及应变观测数据处理有重要的实用价值。另外 ,文中还比较了不同地球模型对应的格林函数对倾斜及应变海潮改正的影响 ,认为在计算中国测站的海潮改正时 ,用中国近海海潮图取代全球海潮的中国近海部分是必要的。     

������ģ������С���������ڶ�Դ���������ں��е�Ӧ��

????????С????????????????????ж???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????顣?????????????????С??????????????????????3.6??10????^-5??ms????^-2??????????????С???????????????????????????????????????????????????4.6??10????^-5??ms????^-2??????????????????????????????????????С?????????????????????????????п???????Ч?????     

Estimation of annual energy output from BCM tidal barrage and the corresponding marine environmental impact

Based on the finite-volume coastal ocean model(FVCOM),a three-dimensional numerical model FVCOM was built to simulate the ocean dynamics in pre-dam and post-dam conditions in Bachimen(BCM).The domain decomposition method,which is effective in describing the conservation of volume and non-conservation of mechanical energy in the utilization of tidal energy,was employed to estimate the theoretical tidal energy resources and developable energy resources,and to analyze the hydrodynamic effect of the tidal power station.This innovative approach has the advantage of linking physical oceanography with engineering problems.The results indicate that the theoretical annual tidal energy resources is about 2×10~8 k Wh under the influence of tidal power station;Optimized power installation is confirmed according to power generation curve from numerical analysis;the developable resources is about 38.2% of theoretical tidal energy resources with the employment of one-way electricity generation.The electricity generation time and power are 3479 hours and 2.55×10~4 KW,respectively.The power station has no effect on the tide pattern which is semi-diurnal tide in both two conditions,but the amplitudes of main constituents apparently decrease in the area near the dam,with the M_2 decreasing the most,about 62.92 cm.The tidal prism shrinks to 2.28×10~7 m~3,but can still meet the flow requirement for tidal power generation.The existence of station increases the flow rate along the waterway and enhances the residual current.There are two opposite vortexes formed on the east side beside the dam of the station,which leads to pollutants gathering.     

海潮模型和格林函数对海潮位移改正的影响

根据海洋负荷潮理论，海潮位移改正的计算取决于海潮模型和格林函数的选取，因此，针对不同的海潮模型和不同的格林函数分别计算了海潮位移改正，并且比较和分析了它们对海潮位移改正所带来的影响。结果表明，不同海潮模型和不同格林函数对海潮改正的计算值有一定的影响，而且相对来说，不同海潮模型所引起的差别较大，但是这种差别对GPS数据处理的最终结果影响不大。     

Response of internal waves to 2005 Typhoon Damrey over the northwestern shelf of the South China Sea

Continuous observation of sea water temperature and current was made at Wenchang Station (19°35′N, 112°E) in 2005. The data collected indicate vigorous internal waves of both short periods and tidal and near-inertial periods. The temperature and current time series during 18-30 September were examined to describe the upper ocean internal wave field response to Typhoon Damrey (0518). The strong wind associated with the typhoon, which passed over the sea area about 45 km south of Wenchang Sta- tion on 25 September, deepened the mixed layer depth remarkably. It decreased the mixed layer temperature while increasing the deep layer temperature, and intensified the near-inertial and high-frequency fluctuations of temperature and current. Power spectra of temperature and current time series indicate significant deviations from those obtained by using the deep ocean internal wave models characterized by a power law. The frequency spectra were dominated by three energetic bands: around the inertial frequency (7.75× 10-6 Hz), tidal frequencies (1.010-25 to 2.4×10-5 Hz), and between 1.4×10-4 and 8.3 × 10-4 Hz. Dividing the field data into three phases (before, during and after the typhoon), we found that the typhoon enhanced the kinetic energy in nearly all the frequency bands, es- pecially in the surface water. The passage of Damrey made a major contribution to the horizontal kinetic energy of the total surface current variances. The vertical energy density distribution, with its peak value at the surface, was an indication that the energy in- jected by the strong wind into the surface current could penetrate downward to the thermocline.     

利用PPP反演海潮负荷位移参数

选取高纬地区的3个CORS站以及中纬地区的SHAO测站,利用PPP浮点解计算测站未经海潮负荷位移改正的坐标时间序列,采用傅里叶变换方法提取分潮的周期信息,进而反演其中8个主要分潮的海潮负荷位移参数,将其与5个全球海潮模型DTU10、EOT11a、GOT4.8、TPXO.7.2、FES2004计算得到的海洋负荷位移参数比较。结果表明,PPP反演得到的8个主要分潮的海潮负荷位移参数与海潮模型计算结果具有较好的一致性,两者均方根差异为mm级,说明利用PPP反演海潮负荷位移参数是可行的。     

青岛台站重力固体潮和海潮负荷特征研究

选取青岛台站2012-01~2013-02 gPhone重力仪连续观测资料进行预处理和调和分析，获得其重力潮汐参数，并选取8个全球海潮模型对O1、K1和M2潮波进行海潮负荷改正。结果表明：1）8个主要潮波调和分析的振幅因子标准差均在2.6%之内，与理论潮汐模型值的差异也在3.0%之内；2）利用海潮模型对O1、K1和M2潮波进行改正能有效地降低残差矢量，观测残差负荷改正的有效性大致分布在30%~75%，全球海潮模型对青岛台站主要潮波的海潮负荷改正差别不大。