全国水利系统水质动态监测经验交流会在芜湖市召开

由水利部水文司主持召开的“全国水利系统水质动态监测经验交流会”于1991年10月11～13日在安徽省芜湖市召开。来自全国15个省、市自治区水利厅(局)水文(水资源)总站(局)和4个流域机构水文局、水资源保护局、水环境监测中心等单位共58位代表参加了会议。水利部水资源司、水调中心和中国水利报社也派员参加了经验交流会。会议期间,安徽省水文总站和河南省水利厅水资源办公室介绍了开展水质动态监测的经验;江苏省徐州水文分站介绍了积极参与城市水资源管理、保     

水文测站命名问题探析 --以海河流域为例

水文测站名称是显示水文测站位置、反映一个水文要素资料系列空间位置的重要标志。SL742-2017《水文测站考证技术规范》规定了水文测站命名规则,为测站命名提供了指导。提出水文测站命名的5项基本原则,对照规范梳理了海河流域水文部门管理的水文测站名称现状,指出症结所在,就如何合理进行水文测站命名提出措施意见。     

基于水文模型的乌裕尔河流域水资源评价

基于水文模型的流域水资源评价可以为解决流域水资源短缺问题和改善水资源管理利用模式提供科学依据。针对传统水资源评价存在的问题,以乌裕尔河流域为例,利用研究区已建立的SWAT模型进行流域水资源评价,并分析了流域蓝水绿水资源量的时空分布规律。研究结果表明,绿水资源量在乌裕尔河流域水资源量中占得较大比重,对维持区域水安全、粮食安全和生态系统稳定具有重要作用。把绿水资源量评估纳入到传统水资源评估体系中,并对传统的水资源管理进行革新是一项势在必行的举措。     

中美水文测验技术比较研究

本文介绍了美国水文机构、测站分类、测验管理、测站运行模式，水位、流量、泥沙等水文要素测验的技术方法，水文数据的传输、分发管理、水文经费筹措与使用等情况。对比分析了中关两国水文测验管理体制和运行机制，讨论了中关各自的测验技术优势与特点。指出了美国水文测站无人驻守，实行自动测报和巡测相结合，设施简单、设备先进、自动化程度高，是现代水文测报发展的方向，中国水文测报实行以人工驻测为主，需要耗费大量的人力物力；对如何学习美国水文测验管理经验与先进技术，提高中国水文测验技术与管理水平提出了几点认识和建议。     

基于复杂网络的昌吉水文PUB预测方法研究

常规有测站流域水文预测方法受地理位置影响较大,以新疆昌吉州水文预测工作为研究对象,针对昌吉州偏远艰苦地区多采用无测站流域水文预测方法(PUB)的实际,结合昌吉州流域水文基本情况分析,为提高PUB预测方法的准确性,提出基于复杂网络的PUB预测方法,建立复杂网络模型,确定皮尔森系数,实现对昌吉水文PUB的准确预测。     

全国重点防洪地区通信工作会议在京召开

全国重点防洪地区通信工作会议于1992年2月21～25日在北京召开,这次会议由国家防汛总指挥部办公室、水利部水文司、水利部水文水利调度中心共同主持。7个流域机构和21个重点防洪省(区、市)的防汛、水文、通信等部门的代表和部机关有关司(局)的同志参加了会议。这次会议的主要内容是总结交流了全国重点防洪地区通信、防汛和警报网络建设、管理、使用方面的     

全国水文工作会议在南宁胜利召开

“经济社会站在历史新起点,水文事业走上发展新征程”。在全国上下深入贯彻落实党的十七大精神之际,4月2～3日,一年一度的全国水文工作会议在广西南宁胜利召开。来自国家发改委、水利部有关司局和有关直属单位的负责同志,流域机构、省（区、市）水利（水务）厅（局）的负责同志,各流域水文局、水资源保护局、各省（区、市）水文部门、新疆生产建设兵团水文部门的主要负责同志。齐聚一堂。共商水文发展大计、共绘水文美好蓝图。     

水文相似概念与理论发展探析

目前,工程水文领域面临诸多问题有待解决,例如怎样合理地将现有水文观测成果外推至无资料流域,这也成为国际水文科学协会"无测站流域水文预测计划(PUB)"所遭遇的理论瓶颈。一个可行的方法就是依据流域结构特征构建水文相似因子,并对流域进行分类,在相似框架下完成观测成果向无(缺)测站流域的转化。分析发现,水文学缺乏类似于水力学、化学和生物学的分类与相似理论体系。通过对不同学科相似理论的回顾,定义了水文相似的概念,给出了构成流域水文相似的三要素,即驱动力、结构和水动力要素。最后,讨论了可用于水文相似研究的两类方法:数理解析法和量纲分析法,并给出了其用于实际流域水文相似研究时存在的问题及解决途径。     

新疆白杨河流域阿克苏河水文特性分析

根据新疆白杨河流域阿克苏河大量实测资料,对该地区以及阿克苏河流域降水、蒸发、径流、泥沙、暴雨洪水、冰情等重要项目的水文特性进行了具体分析,初步归纳出各种水文特性的变化规律,对重新进行水资源配置,解决用水矛盾,管理好流域水资源具有一定的参考价值。     

2007年全国水文科技应用需求研讨会在南京召开

2007年5月11～12日水利部水文局在南京召开了全国水文科技应用需求研讨会。各流域机构、省(自治区、直辖市)水文(水资源)局(总站)主管水文科技工作的领导、南京水利科学研究院、南京水利水文自动化研究所、河海大学、部质检中心以及水利部水文局有关业务处的领导和代表共70余人参加了会议。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.