上地幔流体的性质和作用——从女山幔源二辉橄榄岩捕虏体获得的证据

玄武岩浆从地幔深处挟带上来的超镁铁质捕虏体含有地幔流体的直接证据,它们对于阐明地幔深部地质作用(部分熔融作用、地幔交代作用)的机制十分重要。女山幔源二辉橄榄岩的研究结果表明,初始的地幔流体除富含CO_2外,尚含有H_2O和少量CO、CH_4、SO_2、C1、F。地幔中的初始流体(挥发组分)在源部是溶解于地幔橄揽岩的高压固体矿物相中,它们在地幔上隆减压时出溶,形成细小的最早期流体包裹体。这些自由流体相在一定部应聚集,使得地幔固相线(和液相线)下降,引起上地幔发生减压部分熔融。初始的部分熔融主要发生于矿物边界,以单斜辉石最易遭受,形成矿物边缘的海绵状部分熔融带。当地幔剪切流动时,初始的部分熔融体珠滴联合成大的珠滴,并开始渗透,在变形橄榄岩中相连成脉状网络,晚期含C0_2岩浆包裹体及填隙玻璃即为其代表。由于剪裂作用,熔体(和流体)压裂开上覆橄榄岩,产生岩墙状通道,并在上地幔的某些低压区聚集成岩浆库。流体和熔体均为地幔交代作用的介质。在流体参与下,上地幔低度部分熔融产生的熔体将高度富集不相容元素。这些熔体和流体与亏损地幔间的相互作用,可以带来不相容元素重大的局部富集。当流体(和熔体)中H_2O浓度低时,仅发生隐交代作用;当H_2O浓度较高时,部分熔融程度也较高,相应有含水相(如角闪石等)成核,出现矿物交代作用。     

汉诺坝橄榄岩捕虏体的单斜辉石LAM-ICPMS分析及其岩石圈地幔演化意义

橄榄岩成分及其中矿物(如单斜辉石)微量元素组成可以很好地揭示岩石圈地幔性质．在对汉诺坝新生代玄武岩中橄榄岩捕虏体做详细岩相学和岩石化学研究基础上,重点分析了单斜辉石的激光原位微量元素,并探讨了新生代华北克拉通北缘岩石圈地幔特征及地幔演化．汉诺坝地区岩石圈地幔是相当于原始地幔经过不同程度的部分熔融抽取形成的,除个别样品的部分熔融程度为15％-20％外,多数样品<5％．全岩主元素、单斜辉石成分体现出新生代汉诺坝地区的岩石圈地幔是很不均一的:在主体饱满型中有亏损型地幔的残留．这种共存现象可能是软流圈物质对古老地幔进行侵蚀、混合和改造置换的结果．单斜辉石微量元素组成所体现的碳酸岩岩浆交代作用和硅酸盐熔／流体的交代作用也支持这一认识．     

内蒙古达里诺尔含金云母辉石岩的发现及其地质意义

对华北克拉通北缘达里诺尔地区鸽子山附近玄武岩中的含金云母辉石岩捕虏体进行了岩石学、矿物学的研究,并对其中的单斜辉石、斜方辉石、金云母和粒间熔体进行了原位微区主、微量元素分析。结果显示,单斜辉石和斜方辉石具有低的Mg^#、Cr 2O 3和高的Al2O3含量,斜方辉石还具有高的MnO含量,这些特征表明辉石岩代表了交代熔体在地幔中冷却固结堆晶形成的岩脉。辉石岩中金云母、粒间熔体的出现及其不平衡的地球化学特征说明辉石岩形成以后又遭受到了多期次的硅酸盐熔体地幔交代作用。结晶出单斜辉石的母岩浆在蛛网图上具有K、Pb元素的弱负异常但不具有Nb、Ta、Ti元素的负异常,推测形成辉石岩的熔体可能来自软流圈地幔。粒间熔体的低SiO2,高MgO和FeO的特征指示其形成于地幔超基性岩的部分熔融,蛛网图上明显的K、Pb正异常以及Nb、Ta负异常说明其源区也存在俯冲沉积物的贡献。基于此,认为中国东部新生代岩石圈地幔经历了多期次地幔交代作用。     

峨眉火成岩省地幔热柱的主要元素及Cr、Ni地球化学特征

峨眉山玄武岩省晚古生代镁铁超镁铁岩可分为苦橄岩—橄榄玄武岩系和玄武岩系等两个岩石系列。它们的常量及微量元素特征均存在区别,这些区别可以通过对比两个岩系的Ni与Cr、MgO、Al2O3的相关关系加以明确。据此估算了峨眉火成岩省地幔、地幔热柱不同部位主元素、Mg#值和Cr、Ni含量,推算出成分接近原始岩浆的玄武岩、苦橄岩类和橄榄岩类分别为地幔7%～15%、25%～40%和 >50%的部分熔融产物。     

鄂东南铜山口、殷祖埃达克质（adakitic）侵入岩的地球化学特征对比：（拆沉）下地壳熔融与斑岩铜矿的成因

鄂东南地区铜山口花岗闪长斑岩体是与斑岩铜钼矿床共生的岩体,但殷祖花岗闪长岩体是与金属成矿无关的岩体。铜山口和殷祖侵入岩的元素地球化学特征与埃达克岩的地球化学特征非常类似,如高Al2O3、Sr含量与La/Yb、Sr/Y比值,富Na2O(Na2O/K2O>1.0),亏损Y与Yb,极弱负Eu异常-正Eu异常以及正Sr异常等。但是铜山口和殷祖侵入岩也存在 明显的差别:前者比后者更偏酸性,但具有较高的K2O,MgO,Cr,Ni和Sr含量,较低的Y和Yb含量,轻重稀土元素分异更明显,并主要显示出正铕异常,区别于后者的极弱负Eu异常-不明显Eu异常。这表明铜山口埃达克质侵入岩的岩浆来源可能比殷祖埃达克质侵入岩的岩浆来源更深:前者可能由拆沉的下地壳熔融形成,残留物主要含石榴子石;而后者可能由增厚的下地壳熔融形成,残留物可能为石榴子石±斜长石±角闪石。另外,热的地幔上涌,底辟(diapir)进入下地壳,导致含角闪石的榴辉岩发生熔融也可形成铜山口埃达克质岩浆。铜山口埃达克质岩浆在穿过地幔的过程中,将会与地幔橄榄岩发生交换反应:一方面由于受橄榄岩的混染而使得岩浆的MgO,Cr和Ni增高;另一方面岩浆中的Fe2O3不断加入到地幔中,导致地幔的氧逸度(fo2)增高,地幔中金属硫化物被氧化并进入岩浆中,富含Cu-Mo等成矿物质的岩浆上升很容易形成斑岩铜钼矿     

地幔富硅交代与大陆岩石圈的演化

富硅交代是弧下地幔中熔体岩石相互作用的主要表现形式 ,是造成古老克拉通陆下岩石圈地幔富硅的主要机制。在弧下地幔捕掳体中 ,橄榄岩被来自俯冲洋壳物质部分熔融生成的含水富硅熔体交代后 ,斜方辉石含量的增加使全岩富集SiO2 ,斜方辉石显示异常低的Al2 O3和Cr2 O3,微量元素上表现为强烈富集LILE ,强烈亏损Nb ,Ta和Ti。在古老克拉通地幔岩样品中 ,方辉橄榄岩具过剩的斜方辉石 ,橄榄石的Ni含量与斜方辉石的组成含量成正比 ,而和橄榄石的x(Mg) /x(Mg +Fe2 +)值没有正比关系 ,被解释为亏损的地幔橄榄岩和来自俯冲板片的富硅熔体相互作用的结果。熔体岩石相互作用最终导致了陆下岩石圈地幔富集SiO2 ,这种被含水富硅熔体改造后的地幔岩石的部分熔融可能是造成陆壳富硅富镁的主要原因。含水富硅熔体对岩石圈地幔的影响程度也可能是大陆岩石圈增生或裂解、增厚或减薄的关键因素之一。     

西藏泽当蛇绿岩中角闪辉长岩矿物学特征及其成因启示

西藏泽当蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段,由地幔橄榄岩、辉长岩、玄武岩等组成,地幔橄榄岩中发育有少量辉石岩、辉长岩、异剥钙榴岩、斜长花岗岩和角闪辉长岩。本文研究的角闪辉长岩侵入于泽当地幔橄榄岩的辉石岩中,主要由角闪石、葡萄石+绿纤石和少量Fe-Ti氧化物组成。岩石中角闪石呈自形,伟晶结构,褐色,均一的干涉色,与交代成因的角闪石相比具有较高的Al2O3(7.0%~11.0%)、Ti O2(1.0%~2.5%)和Na2O(1.0%~1.9%)含量,指示其为岩浆成因;Fe-Ti氧化物以磁铁矿为主(Ti O2=1.2%~13.2%;Fe2O3=40.6%~61.4%;Fe O=31.1%~43.6%),与钛铁矿(Ti O2=36.2%~50.8%;Fe2O3=2.5%~24.6%;Fe O=33.0%~43.7%)经常呈矿物对共生或出溶钛铁矿,磁铁矿—钛铁矿计算矿物平衡氧逸度(-logfo2)为12.4~22.8,约为NNO+1,比正常MORB氧化程度高,指示岩浆结晶时具有较高的水逸度。其锆石εHf(t)值为11.0~19.8,显示亏损地幔源区特征。岩石地球化学分析显示其具有高的Al2O3(20.4%~22.4%)、Ti O2(1.0%~1.5%),低的Mg O(4.1%~5.5%)含量类似高铝玄武岩的特征。泽当角闪辉长岩可能由亏损地幔部分熔融形成的含水岩浆经过演化(分离结晶作用等)形成的低镁高铝类似高铝玄武岩的岩浆结晶形成。然而样品严重亏损轻稀土(LREE),与常见于岛弧区的高铝玄武岩不同,可能为蛇纹石化的洋壳或地幔橄榄岩在俯冲早期脱水使得地幔楔发生部分熔融导致。对泽当蛇绿岩中侵入岩及地幔橄榄岩进行更详细的调查研究将对揭示泽当蛇绿岩的形成环境构造背景提供更多的线索。     

辉南新生代玄武岩中捕虏体橄榄岩矿物化学与华北岩石圈地幔演化

内容提要：在对吉林辉南新生代玄武岩中捕虏体橄榄岩详细的岩相学和矿物主量元素研究基础上,重点分析了单斜辉石激光原位微量元素,并讨论了辉南陆下岩石圈地幔的性质及其在华北克拉通破坏过程中的意义。橄榄石、单斜辉石和尖晶石的Mg#和Cr#均表明该区陆下岩石圈地幔主体是饱满的,同时也存在少量过渡和难熔型地幔。单斜辉石REE配分形式包括LREE亏损、倒U字型REE和LREE富集等不同类型。这些橄榄岩是地幔经历不同程度的部分熔融作用(低于10%)和复杂地幔交代作用的产物。交代介质主体是硅酸盐熔体,但个别样品有碳酸岩熔体交代的残留。橄榄石Mg#和平衡温度无相关性,说明辉南陆下岩石圈地幔不存在明显的分层而是交叉的。这些地幔特征和华北东部其他地区新生代的主体地幔性质相似,是熔-岩反应、侵蚀作用和上涌软流圈物质冷却转变置换的综合结果。     

河北汉诺坝碱性玄武岩的源区和成因

我国华北北部新近纪喷发的汉诺坝玄武岩,岩层出露比较完整,普遍含有超镁铁岩包体和各种高压巨晶。大麻坪代黄沟剖面出露较好,主要岩性为玄武岩,从上到下可分为上三、二、一层和底层。岩相学观察显示这些玄武岩含有1%~5%的捕虏晶且斑晶数量很少。橄榄岩包体为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩,轻稀土略微亏损,轻重稀土无分馏,显示这是只经过少量部分熔融后的原始地幔包体。通过对代黄沟碱性玄武岩中橄榄石、辉石和斜长石等斑晶或捕虏晶的矿物学分析,得出它们的成分变化是玄武岩混合了分解的地幔橄榄岩快速上升造成的。玄武岩的主量元素与二辉橄榄岩相平衡的原生熔体相比,Mg#(52.0~62.7)以及CaO(7.3%~8.5%)、Ni((82~192)×10-6)和Cr((65~192)×10-6)含量都较低。玄武岩的稀土分配模式为轻稀土富集的右倾型,δEu=1.01~1.05,δCe=0.95~1.02,富集高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr及大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr。玄武岩痕量元素Ba/Rb和Rb/Sr的比值显示源区可能遭受过流体的交代作用。同时,痕量元素显示这一系列玄武岩主要受到部分熔融的控制,大量的结晶分异并未发生,且源区残留石榴子石。分析认为玄武岩岩浆应该是原生岩浆,而不是演化岩浆,影响整个岩浆的形成的过程可能是部分熔融而不是分离结晶。基于目前已发表的实验岩石学结果和理论分析认为汉诺坝玄武岩与辉石岩类相平衡,源区主要矿物相为单斜辉石和石榴子石,可能存在少量的橄榄石。     

变质玄武岩体系相平衡及矿物 熔体微量元素分配：限定TTG/埃达克岩形成条件和大陆壳生长模型

埃达克质岩石是高Na、Al和Sr、低Y和HREE以及Nb、Ta亏损的钠质花岗质岩石,奥长花岗岩-英云闪长岩-花岗闪长岩(TTG)是早期(太古宙)大陆壳主要组分,成分与埃达克质岩石相似,这些成分独特的岩石总体上认为是俯冲洋壳、下地壳和拆沉的下地壳中变质玄武岩部分熔融的产物。文中综述我们近年来在变质玄武岩体系相平衡和矿物-熔体微量元素分配实验研究成果:相平衡实验和熔体微量元素特征研究表明,变质玄武岩部分熔融过程中金红石是导致TTG/埃达克岩浆Nb、Ta亏损的必要残留矿物,从而否定了前人“TTG由无金红石的角闪岩熔融产生”的观点;证实金红石仅仅在压力1.5GPa以上才能稳定存在,从而限定TTG/埃达克岩熔体必定产生在大约50km以上,表明TTG/埃达克岩是在相对较深的含金红石榴辉岩相条件下熔融产生的。矿物(石榴子石、角闪石,单斜辉石和金红石)-熔体微量元素分配系数测定和部分熔融模拟结果进一步限定俯冲洋壳和下地壳起源的TTG/埃达克岩浆由含金红石角闪榴辉岩熔融产生,而拆沉下地壳起源的埃达克岩浆的产生要求软流圈地幔高温,由无水或含有少量含水矿物的榴辉岩熔融产生。     

Na depletion in modern adakites via melt / rock reaction within the sub-arc mantle

Interaction between slab-derived melt and mantle peridotite and the role of slab melt as a metasomatizing agent in the sub-arc mantle is being increasingly recognized. Adakite, the slab melt erupted on the surface, usually exhibits anomalously high MgO, CaO, Cr and Ni contents that indicate interaction with mantle peridotitite. Here we note that Cenozoic adakites have Na₂O contents below 5.8 wt.% with ∼95% samples lower than 5.0 wt.%, and are generally depleted in this component relative to experimental basalt partial melts (mostly beyond 5.0 wt.% and up to 9.0 wt.% Na₂O) produced under 1.5-3.0 GPa conditions that are most relevant to adakite production. We interpret the adakite Na depletion to be also a consequence of the melt / rock reaction that takes place within the hot mantle wedge. During ascent and reaction with mantle peridotite, primary adakite melts gain mantle components MgO, CaO, Cr and Ni but lose Na₂O, SiO₂ and perhaps K₂O to the mantle, leading to Na-rich mantle metasomatism. Selective assimilation of predominately mantle clinopyroxene, some spinel and minor olivine at high T/P has been considered to be an important process in producing high-Mg adakites from primary low-Mg slab melts [Killian, R., Stern, C. R., 2002. Constraints on the interaction between slab melts and the mantle wedge from adakitic glass in peridotite xenoliths. Eur. J. Mineral. 14, 25-36]. In such a process, Na depletion in the assimilated melt is the result of dilution due to the increase in melt mass. Phase relationships in the reaction system siliceous melt + peridotite and quantitative calculation suggest that assimilation of mantle clinopyroxene, olivine and spinel and fractional crystallization of sodic amphibole and orthopyroxene, under conditions of moderate T/P and increasing melt mass, is also an important process that modifies the composition of adakites and causes the Na depletion.     

Partial melting of secondary pyroxenite at 1 and 1.5 GPa,and its role in upwelling heterogeneous mantle

We performed partial melting experiments at 1 and 1.5 GPa, and 1180–1400 °C, to investigate the melting under mantle conditions of an olivine-websterite (GV10), which represents a natural proxy of secondary (or stage 2) pyroxenite. Its subsolidus mineralogy consists of clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, olivine and spinel (+garnet at 1.5 GPa). Solidus temperature is located between 1180 and 1200 °C at 1 GPa, and between 1230 and 1250 °C at 1.5 GPa. Orthopyroxene (±garnet), spinel and clinopyroxene are progressively consumed by melting reactions to produce olivine and melt. High coefficient of orthopyroxene in the melting reaction results in relatively high SiO₂ content of low melt fractions. After orthopyroxene exhaustion, melt composition is controlled by the composition of coexisting clinopyroxene. At increasing melt fraction, CaO content of melt increases, whereas Na₂O, Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ behave as incompatible elements. Low Na₂O contents reflect high partition coefficient of Na between clinopyroxene and melt (\(D_{{{\text{Na}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}}}^{{{\text{cpx}}/{\text{liquid}}}}\)). Melting of GV10 produces Quartz- to Hyperstene-normative basaltic melts that differ from peridotitic melts only in terms of lower Na₂O and higher CaO contents. We model the partial melting of mantle sources made of different mixing of secondary pyroxenite and fertile lherzolite in the context of adiabatic oceanic mantle upwelling. At low potential temperatures (T _P < 1310 °C), low-degree melt fractions from secondary pyroxenite react with surrounding peridotite producing orthopyroxene-rich reaction zones (or refertilized peridotite) and refractory clinopyroxene-rich residues. At higher T _P (1310–1430 °C), simultaneous melting of pyroxenite and peridotite produces mixed melts with major element compositions matching those of primitive MORBs. This reinforces the notion that secondary pyroxenite may be potential hidden components in MORB mantle source.     

延吉地区古新世埃达克岩成因的岩浆混合证据

本文通过年代学、矿物学、主量元素、微量元素和同位素的研究,指出延吉地区古新世富镁埃达克岩起源于被俯冲板片熔体交代的地幔楔。单斜辉石和角闪石斑晶所显示的反环带结构为幔源富镁埃达克熔体于壳源中酸性岩浆混合的结果,而非前人普遍认为的熔体—地幔的反应产物;其地球化学特征表现出的岩浆演化趋势可以很好地用地壳混染/AFC过程来解释。延吉古新世埃达克岩形成于俯冲后岩石圈伸展作用背景,与太平洋板块的俯冲后撤作用有关。因此,我们认为富镁埃达克岩的形成不必强调同期洋脊的俯冲作用,只要早先或同时有俯冲板片熔体交代,在合适的p-t条件下交代地幔并发生熔融作用,就能形成这一类岩石。     

深部过程对埃达克质岩石成分的制约

埃达克岩、太古宙TTG和中国东部广泛出露的燕山期埃达克质中酸性火山-侵入岩在岩石地球化学特征方面有许多相似之处,也有一些显著的差异。与典型的埃达克岩相比,太古宙TTG具有相对高Si和低Mg^#的特点：中国东部埃达克质岩石多表现为低Mg^#贫A120,和高K特征。埃达克岩相对高Mg^#是由于俯冲洋壳部分熔融产生的原生埃达克岩熔体受到了地幔橄榄岩的混染,太古宙TTG多无明显的地幔混染印记,反映其可能主要形成于下地壳底侵玄武岩的部分熔融,而与洋壳俯冲没有直接联系。中国东部埃达克质岩石相对低Mg^#畜K,暗示其可能是下地壳底侵玄武岩部分熔融或拆沉-熔融的产物,而幔源富钾熔体的混合、壳内分异和混染过程都有可能影响其成分特征中国东部部分地区的高镁埃达克质岩石可能揭示了下地壳拆沉一熔融和地幔混染过程。钾质埃达克岩的源区可能是被小比例软流圈熔体交代富集的底侵玄武岩层(增厚的下地壳)。结合燕山期岩浆作用和构造转换的特点来看,埃达克岩的形成是中国东部晚中生代岩石圈强烈减薄和大规模岩浆作用产物的一部分,这一重大构造体制的转换可能与地幔柱上涌对岩石圈的侵蚀和导致的伸展作用有关。     

The origin of glasses in hydrous mantle xenoliths from the West Eifel,Germany: incongruent break down of amphibole

Patches of glass with a second generation of small crystals of olivine, clinopyroxene, and spinel are abundant in hydrous peridotite mantle xenoliths with tabular equigranular textures from two maar-type volcanoes, Meerfelder Maar and Dreiser Weiher (West Eifel, Germany). The patches are similar in size to the main phases of the hosting peridotite. Their central part is often occupied by relics of pargasitic amphibole. Mass-balance calculations show that the patches were formed by surface controlled incongruent thermal breakdown of amphibole according to the reaction: amphibole olivine + clinopyroxene + spinel + melt. Simultaneously with the decomposition of amphibole, small crystals of olivine, clinopyroxene, and spinel grew radially from the patch/peridotite interface toward the centre of the patch. Apart from sector zoning of clinopyroxene, the crystals are virtually homogeneous and are separated from the amphibole by a seam of melt (glass). Secondary olivines reveal higher Mg-numbers, secondary clinopyroxenes higher Cr₂O₃ concentrations than olivines and clinopyroxenes, respectively, of the host peridotite. The silica contents of melts produced by the above breakdown reaction range from 48 to 52% SiO₂ as a function of the composition of the parent amphiboles. Patches surrounded by primary olivines only reveal no reaction with the host peridotite. The variation of SiO₂, MgO and CaO in melts from these patches is the result of minor precipitation of olivine and clinopyroxene during fast cooling. If patches are in contact with primary olivine and orthopyroxene, melts are additionally modified by the reaction liquid 1 + orthopyroxene liquid 2 + olivine + clinopyroxene resulting in more silica-rich compositions between 54 and 58%. For the rare glasses richer in silica, a more complex formation is required. Veinlets along grain boundaries are filled with glasses which are chemically identical to those from nearby patches. This suggests that the veinlets were filled by melts formed by amphibole breakdown during entrainment of the xenoliths to the host magmas.     

Reaction between slab-derived melts and peridotite in the mantle wedge: experimental constraints at 3.8 GPa

Laboratory experiments on natural, hydrous basalts at 1–4 GPa constrain the composition of “unadulterated” partial melts of eclogitized oceanic crust within downgoing lithospheric slabs in subduction zones. We complement the “slab melting” experiments with another set of experiments in which these same “adakite” melts are allowed to infiltrate and react with an overlying layer of peridotite, simulating melt:rock reaction at the slab–mantle wedge interface. In subduction zones, the effects of reaction between slab-derived, adakite melts and peridotitic mantle conceivably range from hybridization of the melt, to modal or cryptic metasomatism of the sub-arc mantle, depending upon the “effective” melt:rock ratio. In experiments at 3.8 GPa, assimilation of either fertile or depleted peridotite by slab melts at a melt:rock ratio 2:1 produces Mg-rich, high-silica liquids in reactions which form pyrope-rich garnet and low-Mg# orthopyroxene, and fully consume olivine. Analysis of both the pristine and hybridized slab melts for a range of trace elements indicates that, although abundances of most trace elements in the melt increase during assimilation (because melt is consumed), trace element ratios remain relatively constant. In their compositional range, the experimental liquids closely resemble adakite lavas in island-arc and continental margin settings, and adakite veins and melt inclusions in metasomatized peridotite xenoliths from the sub-arc mantle. At slightly lower melt:rock ratios (1:1), slab melts are fully consumed, along with peridotitic olivine, in modal metasomatic reactions that form sodic amphibole and high-Mg# orthopyroxene.     

埃达克岩的原义、特征与成因

论述了埃达克岩的原义与综合特征 ,并针对其与太古宙TTG之间的区别和联系及今后研究埃达克岩的建议提出了自己的见解。埃达克岩 (adakite)的原义是指一类具有镁铁质斑晶的隐晶质火山岩 ,属于岛弧型岩浆钙碱性岩系 ,一般形成于年轻的 (<2 5Ma)、地热高的岛弧环境 ,是俯冲板块和上覆地幔相互作用产生的杂化熔液通过结晶分异形成的。综合总结埃达克岩 (原义 )的地球化学特征如下 :(1)原生标志 ,高Mg# 、低FeO /MgO、高Cr及Ni;(2 )微量元素标志 ,高LILE、高LREE、低HREE、低HFSE以及高分异的REE型式等。对实验岩石学研究资料的总结可知杂化 (hybridized)熔液是由小数量的板块熔液与地幔楔反应经交代作用、同化作用形成的 ,可分异直至出现酸性岩浆 ,这一过程称为“地幔同化及分离结晶作用 (mantle AFC)”。在橄榄岩的同化作用中 ,原有熔液Mg# 迅速上升 ,并在熔液成分加多后 ,向高Mg# 区迅速发展。在近代一些埃达克岩及相关岩石研究中 ,部分学者认为太古宙TTG与新生代板块 (榴辉岩 )重熔的TTD岩系类似。同时 ,亦有学者认为太古宙“绿岩带”中与TTG有关的深成岩系是一类Mg质花岗闪长岩Mg质二长闪长岩 ,成因与Sanukite相似 (太古宙sanuk itoid岩系 ) ,相当于富集橄榄岩重熔形成的岩系。这些研究重新引发了太古宙     

Experimental Study of Partial Melting of Mantle Peridotite--A Discussion about the Genesis of Silica-rich Fluids (Melts)

Experiments on partial melting of mantle lherzolite have been realized at 0.6 and 1.0 GPa and the chemical compositional variations of melts during different melting stages have been first discussed. The results show that the trends of variations in SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, Na2O and TiO2 are different at different melting stages. The melts produced at lower pressure are richer in SiO2 than those at higher pressure. The mantle-derived silica-rich fluids (silicate melts) are polygenetic, but the basic and intermediate-acid silicate melts in mantle peridotite xenoliths from the same host rocks, which have equivalent contents of volatile and alkali components and different contents of other components, should result from in-situ (low-degree) partial melting of mantle peridotite under different conditions (e.g. at different depths, with introduction of C-O-H fluids or in the presence of metasomatic minerals). The intermediate-acid melts may be the result of partial melting (at lower pressure) Opx + Sp + K-Na-rich fluid±(Amphi)±(Phlog)= Ol+melt.But the intermediate-acid magmas cannot be produced from the partial melting of normal mantle peridotite unless the crustal materials are introduced to some extent.     

Metasomatic interactions between slab-derived melts and depleted mantle: Insights from xenoliths within Monglo adakite (Luzon arc, Philippines)

The Monglo adakite contains mafic and ultramafic xenoliths, which probably originated from the mantle section of an Early Cretaceous supra-subduction zone ophiolitic complex located within the Luzon arc crust. Spinel-bearing dunites are dominant among this xenolith collection and display evidence for three episodes of subduction-related melt percolation. The first one is evidenced by an undeformed clinopyroxene characterized by convex-upwards REE pattern. This clinopyroxene crystallized from a calc-alkaline basaltic magma, likely formed in the Cretaceous supra-subduction setting of the ophiolite. Then, two metasomatic events, evidenced by orthopyroxene-rich and amphibole-rich secondary parageneses, respectively, affected most of the spinel dunites. The opx-rich paragenesis is related to the circulation within the dunitic upper mantle of hydrous slab-derived melts similar to those affecting the mantle peridotite xenoliths from Papua New Guinea and Kamchatka. Finally the amphibole-rich veins are related to the interaction between the studied dunite xenoliths and the host adakite or an adakitic melt similar to it.     

富铌玄武岩：板片熔体交代的地幔楔橄榄岩部分熔融产物

富铌玄武岩是一类具有特殊地球化学特征的岛弧玄武岩。与正常岛弧玄武岩相比，它具有硅饱和并富钠的特征；同时具有相对高的Nb（一般>7×10-6）、TiO2（1%～2%）和P含量，以及低的LILE/HFSE和HREE/HFSE比值，并富集高场强元素；它的原始地幔标准化微量元素图显示了弱的Nb、Ta负异常（有时出现弱的正异常），原始地幔标准化La/Nb比值小于2（但很少小于0.7），它是由受埃达克质熔体交代过的地幔橄榄岩部分熔融形成的。由于富铌玄武岩与埃达克岩是大洋板片俯冲作用的直接产物，因此，通过对该岩石组合及与俯冲作用有关的流体和熔体的研究，不仅可以查明洋壳俯冲作用过程中的岩浆活动特征，还可以阐明洋壳俯冲及壳幔相互作用，具十分重要的地质意义。