自适应卡尔曼滤波在变形监测动态数据处理中的应用

介绍了卡尔曼滤波技术的基本思路，给出了自适应卡尔曼滤波动态噪声声方差阵∑ｑｋｑｋ补偿法的计算公式，以及在变形监测动态数据处理中的应用。分析了应用中存在的问题及解决途径。通过实例说明了该法用于变形监测预报具有较高的精度。     

自适应卡尔曼滤波法用于变形监测数据处理

卡尔曼滤波作为一种动态数据处理方法广泛应用在变形监测数据处理中。文中针对传统卡尔曼滤波因动态噪声不准或不容易确定影响结果准确度的问题,提出并探讨了方差补偿自适应卡尔曼滤波,并通过传统卡尔曼滤波和自适应卡尔曼滤波对GPS变形监测数据进行处理,其结果表明方差补偿自适应卡尔曼滤波对GPS变形监测具有很好的剔除噪声的作用,效果明显。     

自适应卡尔曼滤波在建筑物变形监测中的应用

卡尔曼滤波由于能够实时快速地处理大量的变形数据,并能够预测下一时刻的变化状态等特点,被广泛应用于多个领域的动态数据处理。本文论述了方差补偿自适应卡尔曼滤波模型,将自适应卡尔曼滤波模型应用到光纤光栅动态变形监测上,基于MATLAB编程实现模型的建立并运用该模型对建筑物变形进行分析与预测,取得了较好的效果,证实了方差补偿自适应卡尔曼滤波在滤波和预测方面的可行性。     

基于卡尔曼滤波模型的地铁沉降监测分析

卡尔曼滤波方法是变形监测中常用的一种方法,本文通过对获取的地铁沉降观测数据进行监测,采用经典的卡尔曼滤波方法和基于方法补偿的自适应卡尔曼滤波方法进行监测预估,通过对比发现,基于方差补偿的自适应卡尔曼滤波方法能够有效地控制观测数据异常对动态系统参数估计的影响,保证了变形监测数据估计的精度。     

动态测量系统与卡尔曼滤波

本文简述了动态测量系统的一般概念，按广义最小二乘原理推导了卡尔曼滤波方程。讨论了动态测量系统的基本模型，并以动态水准监测系统为例，说明动态测量系统中建立状态方程和观测方程的具体方法，从而指出了卡尔曼滤波方法在大地测量、工程测量中的应用前景。     

基于AR（p）的卡尔曼滤波在GPS变形监测中的应用

由于AR（p）模型结构比较简单且计算比较方便，在变形分析中，目前常采用此模型建立变形模型。然而单纯的AR模型把模型参数作为定值，变形数据拟合误差及变形预测误差可能会比较大。介绍了将卡尔曼滤波引入AR模型，利用观测数据建立AR模型，即建立观测方程；以AR模型的参数为状态向量建立状态方程。从而形成动态系统的卡尔曼滤波函数模型，动态计算出AR模型的参数以便预测。此方法快速、实时，且占有较少内存，充分利用了AR模型和卡尔曼滤波二者的优点。     

中国地图出版社

工程的变形监测分析与预报 工程的变形监测分析与预报是一个重要的课题．本书紧密围绕这一主题进行了论述。主要内容有：工程变形监测分析与预报的基础理论．变形分析的系统论方法．变形模式的拓扑约束识别及其应用,变形驱动力反演,自适应卡尔曼滤波、时问序列分析及应用．变形预报的人工神经网络方法和神经网络专家系统．小波理论及应用．粗糙集理论（RS）及其在边坡破坏模式中的应用．变形监测分析与预报的进展和发展展望等。     

卡尔曼滤波在动态测量系统中的应用

文中详细论述卡尔曼滤波的数学模型及其初值确定方法,引入动态测量系统应用实例,通过对数据噪音特性的分析,准确确定了卡尔曼滤波模型,利用matlab编程实现了相应功能。实例分析结果表明,卡尔曼滤波预测精度高,适用于大坝的实时监测与预报。     

GPS变形监测网的动态数据处理

叙述了用卡尔曼滤波方法处理GPS变形监测网的方法。推导了在地平坐标系中的观测方程和动态方程。实际计算结果表明,卡尔曼滤波可以用于GPS变形监测网的数据处理,其滤波估值精度优于静态平差。     

卡尔曼滤波模型的建立及其在施工变形测量中的应用

卡尔曼滤波作为一种动态数据处理方法已在许多测量领域得到应用,就卡尔曼滤波方法在施工变形测量应用中,如何建立滤波模型和精度评定问题进行探讨,提出解决这些问题的方法,并通过一个实例说明这些方法的有效性.     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。