高层隔震结构非线性地震响应分析及设计方法研究

高层隔震结构的分析理论和设计方法是目前隔震技术向高层建筑推广的2个关键理论问题。本文以高烈度区宿迁市已经竣工的高层隔震建筑阳光大厦为工程实例,对高层隔震结构的非线性地震响应分析方法进行了研究,包括隔震支座竖向不同拉压刚度的模拟、各种类型的隔震支座水平力学特性的准确模拟,以及不同地震动输入方式和输入角度对隔震支座受拉情况的影响分析等;在此基础上,对隔震层的设计方法进行了分析,提出了隔震层设计的基本原则,进而给出了控制隔震层设计的基本指标,包括隔震支座的长期面压、极值面压、隔震层偏心率等;最后,对高层隔震结构的相关构造要求进行了必要的说明。     

桥梁减隔震技术的应用现状与发展趋势

近几十年桥梁减隔震技术在很多国家得到了广泛应用,已成为提高强震区桥梁抗震能力的重要手段。本文简要介绍了现有的桥梁减隔震装置,归纳了国内外经受过地震考验的多座隔震桥梁的抗震性能和震害表现,特别分析了2008年汶川大地震和2011年东日本大地震中的隔震桥梁及支座的抗震性能。根据减隔震桥梁的震害特征,总结了减隔震设计和应用是需注意的问题,包括减隔震设计方案选择、设计方法与构造要求、临近断层的设计挑战、减隔震装置耐久性等。最后展望了桥梁减隔震技术与理论的未来发展趋势,以促进对减隔震技术在桥梁工程领域的应用和发展。     

村镇隔震砌体结构振动台试验方案设计研究

为使铅芯橡胶支座隔震技术应用于村镇砌体结构,将隔震层设置于地坪以上,本文给出了隔震构造的具体做法。选取典型村镇2层未设构造柱的砖砌体结构房屋为试验原型,按1:2缩尺,设计有隔震层和无隔震层的振动台对比试验。首先采用反应谱分析方法,对隔震和非隔震结构分别选取三条地震波,然后通过数值分析,研究隔震和非隔震结构在输入不同地震波时的地震反应规律,根据数值模拟的分析结果设计结构振动台试验中的传感器布置和加载方案。本文设计的砌体隔震振动台试验方案已试验成功,可为振动台试验设计和研究提供参考。     

结构减震隔震设计最优化问题研究

针对结构抗震减震隔震设计结构动力学基本方程,进行了基本结构刚度、阻尼和质量三方面减震隔震设计问题特征分析,专门指出刚度和阻尼的减震隔震设计研究已经有规范规定,但对减轻结构质量的减震隔震设计仍是需要深入研究的创新问题。目前采用新材料进行设施农业结构减震隔震设计,特别是采用玄筋混凝土现代无金属结构进行结构抗震减震隔震设计,结构最优化设计的实现便有了新契机,且容易实现抗力均匀分布,将较为彻底地解决地震工程的最优结构抗震问题。     

建筑结构基础隔震技术的研究和应用

本文介绍了建筑结构基础隔震基本原理、隔震系统分类、隔震技术进展、隔震设计一般流程、隔震相关专著、隔震规范和应用软件,并提出隔震技术推广中有待解决的几个问题。     

摩擦摆支座隔震结构实用设计方法

本文以9度区某高层建筑为背景,重点介绍摩擦摆支座隔震的工作原理、设计参数以及设计流程和方法。分别采用铅芯橡胶支座和摩擦摆支座方案进行了隔震设计,以两种方案的隔震层力学简化模型的相似性为基础,比较两种隔震设计方案的异同,通过时程分析方法比较了两种隔震方案的隔震效果。研究结果表明,尽管两种支座特点迥异,但只要控制隔震层力学参数相似,便能得到相近的减震效果。     

基于成本—效益指标的隔震支座参数优化

根据建筑结构隔震设计的特点,研究了基于成本—效益指标的隔震支座参数优化问题,提出了以结构整体成本—效益指标为目标函数的隔震支座参数优化方法,从而在隔震设计中同时考虑结构的初始造价和地震损失成本。采用无导数信赖域的优化算法进行隔震支座参数优化,主要约束为基于首次超越失效准则的结构动力可靠度。最后通过一个隔震支座设计实例,分别采用文中提出的优化设计方法和传统隔震设计方法进行设计并对比结果,最后讨论了结构期望损失成本对优化设计的影响,从而验证提出方法的可行性。     

L形高层隔震结构扭转影响参数分析

通过分析不规则L形高层结构在不同输入方向地震波下的振动特性,对不隔震设计以及不断优化隔震层偏心率的隔震设计下研究了楼层最不利位移比变化规律。建立高层隔震结构运动方程,并推导了偏心率的求解过程,基于结构偏心率与位移比的上述理论计算,用ETABS软件对5个算例进行了分析。结果表明:偏心率的变化对于不规则L形高层结构的扭转影响同一般规则结构相似,具有相同的规律。隔震设计能够有效改善不规则L形结构的严重扭转问题,同时随着隔震层刚心与上部结构质心的相对距离越来越小,即随着偏心率的减小,隔震设计下的结构楼层位移比也随之变小。因此,在不规则结构的隔震设计中,在满足隔震层设计要求下,应尽量减小偏心率,以保证减振效果和结构安全。     

国外木结构房屋隔震技术研究综述

整理和分析了国外隔震木结构的应用研究现状,重点介绍了摩擦摆隔震系统在木结构中的应用研究,指出摩擦摆隔震系统更适用于木结构建筑。针对隔震木结构中的房屋质量、底板刚度、抗风性能、隔震层的水平位移控制和成本等关键问题进行了梳理和分析,发现木结构质量轻的特点是造成隔震木结构设计与混凝土结构和钢结构存在巨大差异的重要原因,如何平衡大震下的隔震效果和小震及风荷载作用下的正常使用两者之间的关系需要在设计中特别关注,而成本问题则是限制隔震木结构发展的主要因素之一。因此开发更加廉价、更适合木结构特点的隔震支座将是今后隔震木结构研究的一个重要方向。最后,在此基础上对我国隔震木结构的发展进行了展望。     

隔震装置的设计参数与结构设计

由于地震动在水平向和垂直向的差异，决定了隔震装置需要按各向异性性质设计。以新西兰的铅芯橡胶支座和专用于浮放设备的隔震支座为例讨论了确定隔震装置的设计参数的要点，隔震装置结构形式选择等问题。     

应用基础隔震技术的建筑工程造价分析

应用叠层橡胶支座进行基础隔震是目前国内外大力推广的一门建筑抗震新技术。但由于对采用隔震技术后建筑物的工程造价是否会增加缺乏具体的经济技术指标,使得建筑开发商对其推广应用一直持保守态度。选择了位于VIII度区的两个典型工程实例(一例为乙类建筑,另一例为丙类建筑),简要分析了同一建筑物采取不同设计方案(不隔震但抗震设防、隔震使实际设防水平提高、隔震后与未隔震建筑保持相同设防水平等三种不同设计方案)对工程造价的影响及差异。分析数据表明,在同等设防烈度下,基础隔震技术的合理应用可以使被隔震建筑的工程造价与同条件只采用抗震设防的建筑工程造价适当降低。     

基础隔震结构的能量设计方法

本文以能量分析方法为基础,解释了基础隔震结构体系的能量设计原理和设计准则。根据作者建立的标准能量设计反应谱曲线,结合我国现行的抗震设计规范,建立了基础隔震结构体系的能量设计方法,通过能量平衡关系对隔层的变形反应进行预测．最后通过算例说明能量设计方法具有一定的可靠性,为该类体系的进一步推广奠定了基础。     

On the seismic behavior of cylindrical base-isolated liquid storage tanks excited by long-period ground motions

A common effective method to reduce the seismic response of liquid storage tanks is to isolate them at base using base-isolation systems. It has been observed that in many earthquakes, the foregoing systems significantly affect on the whole system response reduction. However, in exceptional cases of excitation by long-period shaking, the base-isolation systems could have adverse effects. Such earthquakes could cause tank damage due to excessive liquid sloshing. Therefore, the numerical seismic response of liquid storage tanks isolated by bilinear hysteretic bearing elements is investigated under long-period ground motions in this research. For this purpose, finite shell elements for the tank structure and boundary elements for the liquid region are employed. Subsequently, fluid–structure equations of motion are coupled with governing equation of base-isolation system, to represent the whole system behavior. The governing equations of motion of the whole system are solved by an iterative and step-by-step algorithm to evaluate the response of the whole system to the horizontal component of three ground motions. The variations of seismic shear forces, liquid sloshing heights, and tank wall radial displacements are plotted under various system parameters such as the tank geometry aspect ratio (height to radius), and the flexibility of the isolation system, to critically examine the effects of various system parameters on the effectiveness of the base-isolation systems against long-period ground motions. From these analyses, it may be concluded that with the installation of this type of base-isolation system in liquid tanks, the dynamic response of tanks during seismic ground motions can be considerably reduced. Moreover, in the special case of long-period ground motions, the seismic response of base-isolated tanks may be controlled by the isolation system only at particular conditions of slender and broad tanks. For the case of medium tanks, remarkable attentions would be required to be devoted to the design of base-isolation systems expected to experience long-period ground motions.     

带TMD的结构基于动力可靠性约束的优化设计

本文在运用复模态法求得多自由度带TMD结构随机地震响应解析解的基础上．采用基于动力可靠性约束的优化设计方法对TMD装置参数的优化取值进行了系统研究,以结构最大位移响应的期望值为目标函数,以TMD装置响应的动力可靠性为约束条件,运用罚函数法获得到TMD装置的优化设计参数．并给出了算例,从而建立了带TMD结构基于动力可靠性约束的抗震优化设计的一整套方法,本文方法也可用于基础隔震结构、带TLD减震结构以及带TMD和TLD抗风结构的优化设计。     

Adaptive base-isolation of civil structures using variable amplification

Semi-active dampers are used in base-isolation to reduce the seismic response of civil engineering structures. In the present study, a new semi-active damping system using variable amplification will be investigated for adaptive baseisolation. It uses a novel variable amplification device （VAD） connected in series with a passive damper. The VAD is capable of producing multiple amplification factors, each corresponding to a different amplification state. Forces from the damper are amplified to the structure according to the current amplification state, which is selected via a semi-active control algorithm specifically tailored to the system＇s tmique damping characteristics. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the VAD-damper system for adaptive base-isolation, numerical simulations are conducted for three and seven-story base-isolated buildings subject to both far and near-field ground motions. The results indicate that the system can achieve significant reductions in response compared to the base-isolated buildings with no damper. The proposed system is also found to perform well compared to a typical semi-active damper.     

钢管混凝土短柱隔震装置的试验与隔震结构仿真分析

本文阐述了钢管混凝土短柱装置的工作原理,给出了装置的构造,对隔震装置的试验结果进行了详细分析,并对传统结构模型与隔震结构模型的对比实验作了仿真计算与分析．从计算结果可知,钢管混凝土基底隔震装置具有良好的隔震性能和推广使用价值。     

Evaluation of efficiency of ALSC floating-sliding base-isolation system based on shake table test and floor response spectra

The ALSC base isolation system was investigated by testing a church model to the scale 1/3.5 on the two-component shaking table at the IZIIS’ Laboratory, Skopje, Macedonia. The investigation was performed within the frames of the European FP6 project PROHITECH, related to seismic protection of historical buildings by innovative and reversible mixed technology systems. This system was originally developed in 2001 and applied on a model of a steel reservoir. The church model was tested twice: with an active base-isolation system and fixed to the base. The effectiveness of the base-isolation system was investigated by the transfer function/floor response spectra technique. Special software for calculation of the transfer functions and floor response spectra based on experimental data, referred as “SPECTRA”, was developed by the authors of this paper. The main objective of the investigations presented in this paper was evaluation of the effectiveness of the ALSC floating sliding base-isolation system by using the Response Spectra approach. Comparison of the Floor Response Spectra was done for two cases a fixed base model and a base-isolated model. The base response spectrum was calculated from the input time history of the Montenegro earthquake compressed 3.5 times (geometry scale of the model). The Transfer Functions and the Floor response Spectra at a particular level were calculated from the Cross Power Spectra (CPS) and the Auto-Power Spectra. The obtained results showed that the effect of the base-isolation system was considerable, with a low transmissibility of energy from shake table to the model.     

摩擦-钢管混凝土短柱复合隔震支座性能试验与隔震分析

作者在钢管混凝土柱支座隔震房屋实验研究中发现,隔震支座中上盖与底座的接触无论如何处理,摩擦力总是存在的．因此,隔震支座实际上是摩擦耗能与钢管混凝土耗能复合减震系统。本文通过对单个和一组隔震支座的实验研究,确定了短柱支座的恢复力模型,采用了高阶单步算法分析了装有此类支座隔震结构的地震反应,验证了复合隔震支座良好的隔震性能及隔震效果。     

Dynamic characteristics of shear buildings on laminated rubber bearings

Analytical solutions are derived for the dynamic characteristics of base-isolated shear buildings supported on laminated rubber bearings. The solution process takes into account the combined effects of the superstructure flexibility and the base raft inertia on the dynamic characteristics. A series of parametric studies is carried out and the effects of varying the stiffness and mass of the base-isolation system on the frequencies and mode shapes are identified. Approximate solutions for the fundamental base-isolated frequency and mode shape are obtained, which are suitable for use in the preliminary design of non-rigid base-isolated buildings.     

一种新型混合控制技术的振动台模型试验研究

本文提出了基底隔震和上部结构变刚度／阻尼半主动控制结合的一种新型混合控制型式,并且通过小型电磁振动台模型试验来研究其控制效能,为其今后更进一步理论和实验研究奠定基础。