制作1:5万TM影像图的关键技术

为了适应面广量大且需求仍在不断增长的1:5万专题调查制图的需要,我们采用数字插值放大、优化波段组合的光机复合处理技术,探索了1:5万高质量TM影像图的制作技术。本文介绍了制作1:5万高质量TM影像图的基本工艺方案及技术关键:(1)对TM图像磁带数据进行实数倍(2.28倍)双向线性插值放大,(2)在C-4500扫描仪上用50μm光点扫描获得比例尺为1:25万的潜影图像,(3)把潜影图像经显影、定影处理,再光学放大5倍,获得1:5万TM影像图。从我们结合有关任务先后在河北省南皮县、黑龙江省穆稜县和山东省莱洲湾等地区进行的试验研究看,均取得了良好效果。     

基于小比例尺地理信息数据库的地图生产方法

介绍利用1:500万地理信息数据库和1:100万数字地面高程数据库制作<西亚地区图>的技术和流程,对所使用的Micro-Station制图系统和计算机生成地貌晕渲进行说明,讨论生产中遇到的一系列技术问题及其解决方法.     

1:25万协同图数字制图系统通过成果鉴定

由解放军测绘学院研制的“1:25万协同图数字制图系统”,于1998年3月14日在郑州通过成果鉴定。该系统利用1:25万地图数据库生产1:25万协同图,是1:25万地图数据库开发与应用的主要成果。它在生产协同图的同时,利用有关现势资料对地图数据库进行更新,使地图数据库支持下的数字化地图生产走向良性循环的发展道路。这是对地图数据库建设的主要贡献。鉴定会认为,该成果的技术水平达到了国内领先水平。1:25万协同图数字制图系统通过成果鉴定     

中国国界线画法标准样图数字化成果简介

《1:100万中国国界线画法标准样图》(简称“标准样图”)是经过多年辛勤工作而精心编制的,具有权威性的国界画法标准样图。它是编绘和审查1:100万或更小比例尺地图上国界线画法的基础和依据。为了更好地保存和充分利用这套宝贵资料,将其进行了数字化处理,为今后建立审图办公自动化系统奠定了基础。首先分析了“标准样图”的概况和基本特性,然后详细介绍了对其进行矢量化的一系列技术规定以及栅格数据的处理方法,最后对该数据成果进行了实用性分析。     

由图号计算地形图图廓点地理坐标、高斯投影直角坐标程序

一、说明国家基本比例尺地形图采用梯形分幅,并将高斯投影作为它的数学基础。过去计算图廓点坐标、图廓边长、图幅面积等常用查表方法,即使使用计算机,一般也需手工计算图廓点地理坐标,指定投影带中央经线经度等。用本文提到的这个程序,可在PC—1500袖珍计算机上,由图号直接计算出地形图图廓点的地理坐标、高斯投影直角坐标、图廓边长和图幅面积。对1:50万、1:25万、1:10万、1:5万、1:2.5万比例尺地形图在6°投影带上计算;而对1:1万、1:5千比例尺地形图则在3°投影带上计算。根据地形图图号,自动选择     

全国1:25万地形图的编绘

1:25万地形图是我国基本比例尺地图系列中的新品种,替代原1:20万地形图使用。国家测绘局和总参测绘局广大制图工作者经过细致的论证,进行了大量的试验工作,组织编绘不同地区的样图,广泛征求用图者的意见,制订出了《1:25万地形图编     

利用资源卫星CCD图象修测地图的探讨

本文在分析了CCD图象的主要几何特性的基础上,提出了利用卫星CCD图象进行两级仿射纠正编制影象图和进行机助制图的修测地图的方法。并根据我国对充空CCD图象(比例尺为1:44万)进行了上述方法的试验。进而探讨了利用我国资源卫星CCD图象修测地图的前景。研究结果表明,在无数字地面模型的情况下,若利用1:150万比例尺卫呈CCD图象上的可判地物,来测1:25万地图是可行的。而利用该图象编制1:20万至1:50万战区道路水系变化现势专用图,则具有更大的实用价值。这一目标,正是有关部门提出的当前地图更新的任务之一。     

GeoStar NT版在地图出版工作中的应用

国家投入巨资建立了1:100万、1:25万基础地理信息数据库,同时正在建立1:5万等更大比例尺的各类数据库.如何将这些宝贵的数据资源用于地图编制出版工作,将面临着一系列技术问题,如投影转换、图幅拼接、裁切、数据格式转换等,由武汉吉奥工程公司研制的GeoStar NT版软件很好地解决了这些问题.     

惠州市1：5000卫星正射影像图测绘工程研究

我国利用IKONOS卫星影像制作1:5000正射影像图主要是集中在研究领域。惠州市国土资源局于2004年2月利用IKONOS卫星影像制作覆盖惠州市辖区1．2万平方公里的1:5000正射影像图,项目由广东省国土资源信息中心承担。大面积的测区利用IKONOS卫星制作1: 5000正射影像图在国内还属首次。本文探讨该测绘工程的实施技术及质量控制方法。     

深变质岩区遥感地质填图方法研究

通过深变质岩区遥感影像特征的分析研究,以影像群、影像组为基础,建立了变质岩影像岩石填图单位,进行了研究区变质表壳岩和变质深成岩的遥感地质解译,总结了变质岩区遥感地质填图的方法技术。该方法对1:25万区域地质调查中变质岩区填图具有重要的指导意义     

车载移动测量系统大比例尺测图精度控制研究

车载移动测量系统作为一种先进的测绘技术,已广泛应用于大比例尺测图项目中。SSW车载激光建模测量系统能够快速、高效、精确地完成大比例尺测图数据采集、处理等工作。不同比例尺对精度的要求不一样,而本文选择若干试验区,探讨不同的数据采集与处理方式对精度的影响,然后制订相应的精度控制方案,提高数据的精度,满足1∶1 000比例尺测图要求。     

Ordnance Survey Policy and Practical Implications for The Revision of Rural Mapping

During 1994 a project was initiated by Ordnance Survey to investigate the requirement for completing the multi-million pound digital revision of 1:2500 scale mapping within Great Britain. This paper, although concentrating on this scale of mapping, discusses the revision policy issues that faced Ordnance Survey and the practical implications arising from implementing the policy for its 1:2500 and 1:10 000 basic scale mapping. Use of contractors was seen as a prime requirement as the resources available within Ordnance Survey were not sufficient to implement the full revision programme. This paper discusses the background to the task and considers the range of photogrammetric options and contractual and quality procedures required for the revision of the mapping over the next few years.     

加快科技进步和产业结构调整开启测绘事业发展的新篇章

2000年,随着国家测绘局基础设施建设项目的完成并投入生产,标志着模拟测图时代的结束,测绘行业进入了数字化测绘的时代。从2000到2006年,测绘系统利用现代化的测图系统(主要包括影像扫描仪、PAT-B空中三角测量系统、磁盘阵列、服务器、网络系统、VirtuoZo与JX-4全数字摄影测量工作站等)陆续完成了包括大地水准面精化、全国骨干交通网数据采集、全国1:25万比例尺地形图数据库建设、1:5万比例尺地形图数据库建设等大型基础测绘建设项目,为国民经济建设与社会发展提供了有力的保障。社会的发展及民众的需求,向测绘行业提出了更高的要求,而技术的进步,则为解决这个问题提供了可能。     

TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING WITH SPOT 1 DATA: A PRACTICAL APPROACH BY THE ORDNANCE SURVEY

The Overseas Surveys Directorate (OSD) of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain (OS) has experimented with using SPOT I HRV data for topographic line mapping at 1:100 000 scale in the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR). Results of these tests indicate that sufficient accuracy to support 1:100 000 scale mapping with a 40 m contour interval is possible but that the compilation of detail is incomplete. More emphasis on field completion and verification is required than with traditional techniques to maintain a standard 1:100 000 scale mapping specification. Costs of mapping large areas can be significantly reduced but savings are yet to be made in providing ground control. OSD has acquired expertise and hardware in a new mapping process, not to replace traditional mapping systems but to complement them under appropriate conditions. OSD has developed sufficient confidence in the use of SPOT to commit itself to mapping approximately 25 000 square kilometres of north east Yemen Arab Republic.     

合成孔径雷达图像填图方法与应用探讨

以ERS-2和RadarSat-1卫星雷达数据为信息源，通过新疆1∶25万大黑山幅遥感地质填图研究，从方法与应用角度分析论述了雷达图像的地质反映，总结出回波强度与地形单元和岩石之间变化规律、宏观粗糙度对回波强度的控制以及灰度-结构单元作为填图基本单位的方法技术和填图含义。     

1:10000DLG生产DEM的质量检查与评定

结合利用1:10 000 DLG进行DEM生产及新的质量检查评定标准,介绍了如何进行DEM生产的过程质量控制和成果质量检查及如何进行单位成果质量评定,并应用于粤东区域约400幅1:10 000 DEM更新项目中;介绍的质量检查内容与方法全面、可操作性强,时提高检查效率与成果质量有一定的帮助.     

浅谈如何利用Geoway进行入库数据编辑

以辽宁省1∶10 000基础地理信息数据库DLG入库数据的生产过程为例,浅析如何利用Geoway进行入库数据编辑,从而实现建库制图一体化的编辑方式。     

EVALUATION OF METRIC CAMERA PHOTOGRAPHY FOR MAPPING AND CO-ORDINATE DETERMINATION

Rigorous photogrammetric methods have been used to carry out a detailed evaluation of Metric Camera panchromatic photographs of two areas, one in south-east France and the other on the coast of Libya. Inner, relative and absolute orientation and space resection were performed in order to determine how accurately ground co-ordinates can be obtained and the most suitable scale for mapping. Results of absolute orientation (residuals of 19m in plan and 26m in height) indicate that it is possible to produce maps at 1:100000 scale with contours at 100m intervals. Plotting has been done at 1:100000 scale showing cultural and drainage features. It was not possible to identify all detail which is plotted on existing 1:100000 scale line maps.     

ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY FOR RURAL MAP REVISION

The Ordnance Survey (OS) has recently investigated the potential of orthophotography for revision of 1:2500 scale mapping following advances in technology since an earlier investigation in 1973. The results have been compared with stereoplotting on an automated workstation. The background to the investigation and the existing revision methods used for rural areas are described. Orthophotography was produced on a Zeiss 22 Orthocomp at 1:2500 scale using digital height model data supplied from contours (at a 5 m vertical interval) on 1:10000 scale mapping. A pilot block of 20 km² was revised at Kingsbridge, south Devon to assess three levels of revision (local fit, part remedial, and full remedial), using three techniques (orthophotograph overlay, Stereo-orthophoto Plotter and stereoplotting instrument). The quality of the image of the orthophotographs was below that expected for rectified enlargements and the cost of orthophotograph production made the technique uneconomic compared with existing techniques. Orthophotographs were capable of improving the accuracy of revision mapping, but the most cost effective and accurate method was full remedial revision using a Kern PG2 automated workstation.     

Introducing mapping standards in the quality assessment of buildings extracted from very high resolution satellite imagery

Many municipal activities require updated large-scale maps that include both topographic and thematic information. For this purpose, the efficient use of very high spatial resolution (VHR) satellite imagery suggests the development of approaches that enable a timely discrimination, counting and delineation of urban elements according to legal technical specifications and quality standards. Therefore, the nature of this data source and expanding range of applications calls for objective methods and quantitative metrics to assess the quality of the extracted information which go beyond traditional thematic accuracy alone. The present work concerns the development and testing of a new approach for using technical mapping standards in the quality assessment of buildings automatically extracted from VHR satellite imagery. Feature extraction software was employed to map buildings present in a pansharpened QuickBird image of Lisbon. Quality assessment was exhaustive and involved comparisons of extracted features against a reference data set, introducing cartographic constraints from scales 1:1000, 1:5000, and 1:10,000. The spatial data quality elements subject to evaluation were: thematic (attribute) accuracy, completeness, and geometric quality assessed based on planimetric deviation from the reference map. Tests were developed and metrics analyzed considering thresholds and standards for the large mapping scales most frequently used by municipalities. Results show that values for completeness varied with mapping scales and were only slightly superior for scale 1:10,000. Concerning the geometric quality, a large percentage of extracted features met the strict topographic standards of planimetric deviation for scale 1:10,000, while no buildings were compliant with the specification for scale 1:1000.