时变语义下应急物资布局与调度方法研究

正应急救援中相当重要的环节是灾区紧缺物资的供应,即应急物资布局与调度,其水平直接关系着应急救援的效率。由于影响应急物资布局与调度的因素具有微观和宏观时变性,为提升应急救援能力,有必要研究应急物资布局与调度的时变分析方法。论文分析了突发事件应急物资布局与调度过程,并以此为指导构建支持时空过程表达的应急物资布局与调度时空数据模型,以时空数     

3S智能化旅游规划信息系统构建

结合3S技术的基本特点,针对当前旅游规划的时空性、关联性、可操作性不强等问题,指出建立旅游规划信息系统的必要性。基于旅游规划的信息化、技术化需求,构建了基于3S智能化的旅游规划信息系统结构的三个层次,并在此基础上分析了系统数据采集与存储、空间分析与查询、情景模拟与辅助决策等功能的实现。     

时空大数据平台云计算及其典型应用服务探讨

介绍了智慧城市时空大数据平台的基本构成,重点介绍了时空大数据平台建设中的云计算框架的基本原理、业务流程、主要功能,并结合目前市场成熟的技术进行了设计实现,在此云计算框架的基础上,设计实现了3种典型云计算应用服务,可为其他城市提升时空大数据平台的云计算服务能力提供参考和借鉴。     

一种基于＂3S＂技术的城镇地籍数据变更模式研究

从城镇地籍数据变更管理的发展趋势和当胁管理工作的需求现状出发,结合“3S”技术的最新发腥,引入基于时空数据模型的空删数据库技术、丽向对象等先进技术,埘城镇地籍数据变更模式进行了研究,提出了基于“3S”集成技术的城镇地籍数据变更新模式,并探讨了在这种变更模式下城镇地籍数据变更工作实施与数据管理的问题。     

利用3S集成技术进行矿区沉陷精确调查与分析

地下煤矿资源开采引起的地面沉陷越来越严重,已成为制约矿区环境、社会经济可持续发展的主要地质灾害之一。本文构建了基于3S（RS+GPS+GIS）集成技术的矿区沉陷精确调查技术,重点利用多时相高分辨率光学遥感影像,通过数据处理及信息提取,获取了山东省济宁某煤矿的2003-2011年期间的地面沉陷位置、分布,统计了沉陷区面积,基于GIS技术分析了煤矿沉陷区的时空演变。实验证明：3S集成技术是进行矿山沉陷调查的最佳技术方法之一,可实现矿山沉陷的大面积、低成本、准确调查。     

利用3S集成技术进行矿区沉陷精确调查与分析北大核心CSCD

地下煤矿资源开采引起的地面沉陷越来越严重,已成为制约矿区环境、社会经济可持续发展的主要地质灾害之一。本文构建了基于3S(RS+GPS+GIS)集成技术的矿区沉陷精确调查技术,重点利用多时相高分辨率光学遥感影像,通过数据处理及信息提取,获取了山东省济宁某煤矿的2003—2011年的地面沉陷位置、分布,统计了沉陷区面积,基于GIS技术分析了煤矿沉陷区的时空演变。试验证明,3S集成技术是进行矿山沉陷调查的最佳技术方法之一,可实现矿山沉陷的大面积、低成本、准确调查。     

3S技术在突发地质灾害应急管理中的应用

针对传统灾害应急管理中存在重灾后应急处置、轻灾前应急管理的问题,提出了一种基于3S技术的突发地质灾害应急管理方法。将3S技术与突发地质灾害应急管理过程进行了深度融合,深入分析了3S技术在突发地质灾害应急管理中的作用,主要包括突发地质灾害时空数据获取与管理、空间信息二三维可视化表达、应急监测与评估、空间分析等方面。并在此基础上,基于MapGIS K9平台设计并实现了突发地质灾害应急管理原型系统,为突发地质灾害应急信息化相关应用系统提供原型支撑。     

“3S”技术在数字矿山应用中的研究

随着"3S"技术的日趋发展和成熟,为矿区数字化建设提供了强大的技术基础和物质保障。数字矿山的建设,将成为我国煤炭企业在新世纪实现跨越式发展的重要机遇和挑战。如何将"3S"技术有效地运用到矿山数字化中去,将成为今后一段时间的研究热点。本文介绍了"3S"技术和数字矿山的相关概念,针对"3S"技术各自的特点及优势,着重探讨了其在数字矿山建设中的应用,并就相关问题提出建议。     

露天矿采场时空数据模型的构建与应用

以地理信息系统技术为核心，建立露天矿采场时空数据库，通过构建采场的时空数据库，动态描述露天矿生产的剥、采、排过程，为露天开采的规划、设计、生产调度管理的优化预控决策提供全方位的空间信息支持。提出考虑台阶特征的不规则三角网（TIN）的露天矿采场三维建模理论与方法，采用基于基态修正和时间快照模型构建露天矿采场时空数据库，通过地理信息系统和虚拟现实技术，实现开采过程的回放和生产计划的超前演示，为数字露天矿建设构建基础的地理空间信息框架与平台。     

智慧城市时空数据三维可视化设计与关键技术

随着数据内容的不断增加,特别是新型测绘产品数据的扩展延伸,智慧城市时空大数据的三维可视化面临着新的机遇与挑战.针对时空大数据三维可视化所面临的数据集成、数据组织优化以及资源合理分配等问题,设计了面向三维可视化的时空大数据集成内容及其相应框架,并针对数据集成存储、细节层次构建和计算资源调度等关键技术开展了研究,为构建多源、高效的智慧城市时空大数据平台奠定了三维可视化基础.     

基于遥感的大宗农产品优势产区监测研究

以HJ1卫星数据为实验数据,通过运用遥感处理技术、地理信息技术,完成实验区遥感反演作物长势指标体系研究,并将农情监测数据进行web发布。为高分数据迅速投入使用和生产提供理论基础与实现途径,同时为农作物估产的运行化遥感提供了标准、快速的农情监测方法。     

遥感技术在农业立体污染监测中的应用

分析我国农业立体污染的客观现实，探讨遥感技术在农业立体污染监测中的应用。主要分析遥感技术在农区水体污染监测、土壤污染时空动态监测、农作物污染变异监测和农业气体污染监测等方面的应用前景； 提出遥感技术与地理信息系统技术相结合，建立综合农业立体污染空间地理信息管理系统，实现农业立体污染的时空动态模拟分析，为农业立体污染防治决策提供科学依据。     

Improving crop type determination using satellite imagery: A study for the Regione del Veneto,Italy

The Regione del Veneto (Italy) is cooperating with the University of California, Santa Barbara and other researchers in Italy and the U.S.A. to develop a system of econometric crop production modeling. Five crops are to be included in this project: small grains (wheat and barley), corn, sugar beets, soybeans, orchards and vineyards. A critical part of the crop yield modeling process is the identification of crops using multispectral satellite data. This paper explores two strategies to improve crop classification accuracies: (1) use of ancillary data stored in digital format and (2) use of multitemporal data. Ancillary information stored on digital files were used in this research to remove (mask) non‐agricultural areas from satellite image data. Comparison between the classification of masked and unmasked images showed that improvement ranged from 3% to 26% depending on crop type. The multidate classification was performed by compiling an image of transformed spectral bands and three TM‐5 bands. The transformed bands were TM band 4 over TM band 3. Based on the work conducted in this study it is clear that crop type determination from satellite imagery is possible for small field agricultural areas such as those found in Italy.     

全球农情遥感速报系统20年

面向国家粮食安全的重大战略需求,1998年中国科学院建立了"中国农情遥感速报系统"(CropWatch),持续运行20年后,现已发展成为"全球农情遥感速报系统"(CropWatch)。本文重点论述了2013年建立参与式全球农情遥感监测云平台(CropWatch-Cloud)以来,所采用的农情监测体系、可定制的农情监测云平台理念以及CropWatch-Cloud在国内外的应用推广情况,介绍了技术方法与农情信息服务方式的创新与进步带来的国际影响力的提升。系统总结了全球农情遥感速报系统发展的农情监测指标、农情预警能力、作物长势综合监测方法以及众源数据支持的作物面积监测方法,论文进一步阐述了CropWatch未来的发展方向,借助众源地理信息、大数据技术等的发展,打通从地块—村—镇—县—市—省—国家—全球的体系化全链条监测,满足从农户到政府决策部门对农情信息的差异化需求。     

An Agricultural Monitoring System Based on the Use of Remotely Sensed Imagery and Field Server Web Camera Data

In this study, the authors develop an integrated agricultural monitoring system based on the use of high-spatial-resolution remote sensing imagery and Field Server data for a cabbage field in Tsumagoi, Gunma Prefecture, Japan. The use of the integrated system made it possible to verify the accuracy of cabbage coverage estimated from high-spatial-resolution QuickBird imagery using an unmixing method, because the authors were able to remotely examine cabbages growing in real-time using a Field Server web camera linked to their laboratory via the Internet. Using the developed integrated system, they produced a cabbage coverage map that provided information on cabbage growth that could be used for agricultural land management, particularly with regard to the application of fertilizer and forecasting crop production. The results support the validity of using remote sensing technology in conjunction with a Field Server to manage agricultural crop land.     

Utility of satellite data for land evaluation in land use planning for a part of Northern Karnataka

The study reported herein deals with the utility of satellite remote sensing techniques for land evaluation for agricultural land use planning. False colour composite of Landsat imagery in the scale of 1:250,000 was visually interpreted for physiography that formed the base for mapping soil and land resources in the field. The small-scale soil map thus prepared has thirteen map units with association of soil families. Soil and land resource units shown on these small-scale maps were evaluated for their suitability for growing sorghum crop by matching the relevant land qualities against the land requirements for sorghum. The land evaluation carried out for growing sorghum crop in the study area revealed that about 38.6 per cent is highly suitable (S1), 31.5 per cent moderately suitable (S2) and 24.5 per cent marginally suitable (S3). An area of about 5.4 per cent is not suitable, of which 3.0 per cent is currently not suitable (N1) and 2.4 per cent permanently not suitable for growing sorghum crop.     

Agricultural drought assessment at disaggregated level using AWiFS/WiFS data of Indian Remote Sensing satellites

Spatial differences in drought proneness and intensity of drought caused by differences in cropping patterns and crop growing environments within a district indicate the need for agricultural drought assessment at disaggregated level. The objective of this study is to use moderate resolution satellite images for detailed assessment of the agricultural drought situation at different administrative units (blocks) within a district. Monthly time composite NDVI images derived from moderate resolution AWiFS (60 m) and WiFS (180 m) images from Indian Remote Sensing satellites were analysed along with ground data on rainfall and crop sown areas for the kharif seasons (June – November) of 2002 (drought year), 2004 (early season drought) and 2005 (good monsoon year). The impact of the 2002 meteorological drought on crop area in different blocks of the district was assessed. The amplitude of crop condition variability in a severe drought year (2002) and a good year (2005) was used to map the degree of vulnerability of different blocks in the district to agricultural drought. The impact of early season deficit rainfall in 2004 on the agricultural situation and subsequent recovery of the agricultural situation was clearly shown. Agricultural drought assessment at disaggregated level using moderate resolution images is useful for prioritizing the problem areas within a district to undertake, in season drought management plans, such as alternate cropping strategies, as well as for end of the season drought relief management actions. The availability of ground data on rainfall, cropping pattern, crop calendar, irrigation, soil type etc., is very crucial in order to interpret the seasonal NDVI patterns at disaggregated level for drought assessment. The SWIR band of AWiFS sensor is a potential data source for assessing surface drought at the beginning of the season.     

Crop area monitoring within an advanced agricultural information system

This paper describes a framework for an image processing procedure for operational agricultural crop area estimation. This operational framework has been conceived within the development of an Advanced Agricultural Information System (AAIS) for the “Regione del Veneto “ (RdV ‐ Veneto Region) in northeastern Italy. The objective of this program is to develop the ability to generating timely and accurate area estimates and production information for four major agricultural crops: soybeans, sugar beets, corn, and small grains. AAIS uses state of the art methods in remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) technology and integrates a variety of data types including satellite imagery. This paper describes the methodology developed for image and ancillary data processing for the production of crop area statistics. Using a combination of standard unsupervised classification and GIS operations that incorporate knowledge about the agricultural system, a “sequential masking” classification procedure was derived. This sequential masking procedure yielded crop classification accuracies that at the study site level range between 76% and 99% depending on the crop under study. We believe that classification accuracies will improve with full system implementation, along with the incorporation of new and/or improved thematic information and operational experience using AAIS‐based estimation.     

Evaluating metrics derived from Landsat 8 OLI imagery to map crop cover

Developing techniques are required to generate agricultural land cover maps to monitor agricultural fields. Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) offers reflectance data over the visible to shortwave-infrared range. OLI offers several advantages, such as adequate spatial and spectral resolution, and 16 day repeat coverage, furthermore, spectral indices derived from Landsat 8 OLI possess great potential for evaluating the status of vegetation. Additionally, classification algorithms are essential for generating accurate maps. Recently, multi-Grained Cascade Forest, which is also called deep forest, was proposed, and it was shown to give highly competitive performance for classification. However, the ability of this algorithm to generate crop maps with satellite data had not yet been evaluated. In this study, the reflectance at 7 bands and 57 spectral indices calculated from Landsat 8 OLI data were evaluated for its potential for crop type identification.     

农业遥感研究应用进展与展望

得益于中国自主遥感卫星、无人机遥感和物联网等技术的发展,中国农业遥感研究与应用在过去20年取得了显著进步,中国农业遥感信息获取呈现出天地网一体化的趋势;农业定量遥感在关键参数遥感反演技术方法与应用方面取得进展;作物面积、长势、产量、灾害遥感监测的理论与技术方法取得突破,农业遥感技术应用领域不断拓展。本文从农业遥感信息获取、农业定量遥感、农业灾害遥感、作物遥感识别与制图、作物长势遥感监测与产量预测、农业土地资源遥感等方面对中国农业遥感科研与应用进行了总结综述。