城市三维空间地质数据库多元地学信息的构建法研究——以长株潭城市群核心区为例

为解决内陆复杂地质条件下城市地质精细化三维建模问题,利用现有城市地质多元信息,提出了通过收集资料并数字化、剖面的选取及精度的确定、选取钻孔并标准化、建立剖面图、构建三维地质体、三维空间数据库精度评价6个步骤的建库方法,并以长株潭城市群核心区为实例,实现了丘陵复杂地质条件下数据库建库工作。通过未参与建模的实际孔对数据库分层厚度、地层埋深进行了误差精度分析,地层厚度平均误差为2.03m,地层埋深平均误差为2.58m,精度良好。     

城市地下空间要素的数字化路径探讨与思考——以上海市为例

城市地下空间资源是解决人地矛盾,释放城市空间,优化设施布局,保障城市安全的宝贵资源。上海市作为我国最早开发利用城市地下空间资源的城市之一,城市地下空间资源的开发规模巨大。进入21世纪,随着信息化技术的发展,城市地下空间的开发利用也面临数字化转型的挑战。本文对上海市城市地下空间要素的数字化现状和特点进行总结,对城市地下空间要素的数字化路径进行探讨,认为可以从可视化、可实用和可持续三个维度来思考上海市城市地下空间要素的数字化进程。首先,标准统一的可视化全要素城市地下空间数字底座是数字化建设最基本的要求;其次,数字底座实现应用级别的业务功能是城市地下空间要素数字化建设的基本目标和发力点;最后,实现数字底座全生命周期的共建、共治和共享,保障其生命力和可持续是数字化建设成功与否的重要标志。上海市城市地下空间要素的数字化目前正在由可视化向可实用和可持续方向迈进,整合各类已有城市地下空间要素数据资源,通过数字化支撑政府管理和社会运维是未来的发展方向。     

在全国数字化城市管理工作总结交流会上的讲话

同志们： 今天我们在秦皇岛召开全国数字化城市管理工作总结交流会,将要总结、交流数字化城市管理几年来的成绩和经验,研究推进下一步数字化城市管理工作。下面我讲三点意见：     

在全国数字化城市管理工作总结交流会上的讲话住房和城乡建设部副部长仇保兴

同志们: 今天我们在秦皇岛召开全国数字化城市管理工作总结交流会,将要总结、交流数字化城市管理几年来的成绩和经验,研究推进下一步数字化城市管理工作.下面我讲三点意见:     

地形图扫描数字化点位精度浅谈

地形图数字化是获取矢量空间数据,建立GIS数据库的一项重要的基础工作,而地形图数字化的精度直接影响着GIS数据库的精度.地形图数字化的方式通常有两种,一是手扶跟踪数字化,另一种是扫描数字化.本文就扫描数字化的精度问题做以简单的探讨.     

主键约束在数字化前兆数据服务软件中的关键运用

数字化前兆数据库是一个分布式网络数据库SQLServer,数据库的建成运用为预报人员的日常数据分析提供了一个准确的、完整的资源平台。为考虑数据库设计完整性规则 ,本文着重讲述建立两套前兆数据库的过程中 ,主键约束在数字化前兆数据服务软件EPDS的建库及入库中起的重要作用。     

1∶5万新疆城市及经济区水工环空间数据库建库方法

<1∶5万重点城市及经济开发区水工环地质综合空间数据库>(新疆部分)(简称<1∶5万(水工环)>是国土资源部数字化工程的一个重要组成部分,它将为新开展的国土资源大调查工作提供高质量的数字化信息.对自治区内重点经济区的发展、水资源合理利用及国民经济建设,提供详细、准确的水文工程地质资料,特别对目前开发大西北有着重要的意义.     

东莞城市地质数据库建设初探

在全面分析东莞城市地质调查数据现状和各层次需求的基础上,按照城市地质调查所依据的各标准、规范及相应的信息方面的标准、规范对空间数据和属性数据进行结构定义、统一编码,建立标准化的统一的城市地质调查数据库,以实现不同数据之间的关联。通过分析东莞城市地质数据的需求、数据库设计和方案实施,初步探讨东莞城市地质数据库的建设方法和流程,从而实现东莞城市地质数据库的建设工作。     

从工程数字化应用到智慧城市实践

正工程数字化历经数十年的发展,已经迎来全新的发展阶段。从工程数字化在设计、建设阶段的应用,到工程全生命周期管理,智慧城市、数字孪生概念的提出;从单项目、项目集群的数字化应用,到数字城市、智慧城市的建设实践,工程数字化的指导思想、理念、应用场景及要求,均发生了改变。     

基于ARC VIEW／INFO平台的流域GIS数据库的建立

本文阐述了应用ARC VIEW／INFO的转换、合并、分析和显示功能，对从不同来源的数字化数据，经过流域划分和数据层重新投影，建立起一个属于单一汇水流域的GIS数据库，其中包括流域及次流域、河流网、土壤、土地覆盖和植被等数字化图件。这一数据库的建立为水文模拟和防洪构筑物评价提供了坚实的基础。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.