西藏泽当地区晚白垩世埃达克岩的发现及其成矿意义

埃达克岩对造山带深部构造和热体制具有指示意义,与Cu、Au等成矿关系密切.冈底斯成矿带东段南缘泽当地区桑布加拉矽卡岩型铜矿成矿母岩花岗闪长岩的主量元素测量结果显示高SiO2(＞56％)、高Al2O3(＞15％)、低MgO(＜3％),Na2O含量≥3.5％,K2O含量＞2％,Na2O/K2O为1.03～1.43,平均1.22;稀土元素和微量元素测量结果显示高Sr(＞400×10-6),低Yb(＜1.9×10-6)、低Y (＜15×10-6),高Sr/Y (86.88 ～ 132.22,＞20)、高La/Yb(＞10),LREE富集,HREE亏损,无负Eu异常,为埃达克岩地球化学特征.结合地质特征分析认为其是由俯冲洋壳板片部分熔融后与地幔橄榄岩发生相互作用形成的O型埃达克岩,说明冈底斯南缘存在O型埃达克岩成矿.     

东昆仑沟里地区晚奥陶世花岗闪长岩地球化学特征及其对原特提斯洋演化的制约

原特提斯洋的俯冲时限以及俯冲极性还存在较大争议,对位于东昆仑造山带东端的昆南亚带中敖洼得花岗闪长岩体开展详细的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、元素地球化学和同位素地球化学研究.结果表明,其单颗粒锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果为454±2 Ma,指示侵位时代为晚奥陶世.岩石Na₂O/K₂O比值为0.92~2.68,Mg#为39~43,A/CNK为1.00~1.03,属准铝质钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列.岩石稀土元素标准化图显示右倾,(La/Yb)_N介于17~46,具有明显的轻重稀土分异及中等-弱的Eu负异常(0.48~0.96).花岗闪长岩富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K、La、Sr),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti),Cr、Ni含量较低,Sr/Y均值为55.全岩(87Sr/86Sr)_i较为均一(0.705 9~0.706 3),ε_Nd(t)变化范围为-4.1~-1.9,对应的二阶段模式年龄为1.3~1.5 Ga,锆石ε_Hf(t)变化范围为+5.4~+9.2.敖洼得花岗闪长岩具有低镁埃达克质岩的特征,为俯冲洋壳部分熔融的产物,熔融后的洋壳残留应为含石榴子石角闪岩,岩浆演化过程中经历了角闪石和斜长石的分离结晶.微量元素组成特征指示岩体形成于火山弧环境,结合昆中断裂带内蛇绿岩及其两侧相关变质岩、弧花岗岩、弧后盆地火山岩等的综合对比,笔者认为昆中缝合带原特提斯洋(昆中洋)在晚奥陶世存在双向俯冲,敖洼得岩体形成于原特提斯洋的南向俯冲消减过程.      

藏南泽当岛弧花岗岩成因限定——来自角闪石岩锆石U-Pb、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素的证据

泽当岛弧位于藏南乃东县境内,主要由英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、奥长花岗岩和角闪石岩组成,是晚侏罗世洋壳俯冲的产物。本文对该地区出露的角闪石岩开展了野外地质调查,通过室内SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素等研究,探讨了泽当角闪石岩的成因、源区及其与花岗岩的成因关系,获得以下认识:角闪石岩成岩年龄为159.1±7.2 Ma;角闪石岩具有较低Sr含量、较高的Y含量和较低的Sr/Y值,富集MREE;角闪石岩与花岗岩Sr-Nd同位素特征一致,角闪石岩~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr (t)值(0.704 0～0.704 5)较低,εNd (t)值变化范围为+5.5～+6.1。结合前人研究认为,泽当岛弧的英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、奥长花岗岩和角闪石岩均来自地幔楔部分熔融作用。英云闪长岩为相对原始的岩浆,在角闪石分离结晶作用未结束前,先从岩浆房中分离出来;残余岩浆继续发生角闪石分离结晶作用,导致Sr/Y值进一步升高和Cr、Ni、MREE含量进一步降低。因此,角闪石的分离结晶作用是泽当岛弧高Sr/Y花岗岩形成的关键因素。     

内蒙古牙克石地区晚古生代弧岩浆岩:年代学及地球化学证据

在内蒙古牙克石地区晚古生代岩浆岩中发现了岛弧火山岩和埃达克质花岗闪长岩。火山岩由玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩及凝灰岩组成,属于钙碱性系列,它们富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)、轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)。玄武岩的SHPIMP锆石U-Pb年龄表明其形成于373.2±5.3Ma。锆石εHf(t)值为+14.67～+18.67,类似大洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)和现代俯冲带玄武岩的Hf同位素特征。上述特征说明,玄武岩很可能起源于受俯冲板片流体改造的亏损地幔楔,形成于活动大陆边缘。花岗闪长岩的结晶年龄为331.2±3.7Ma。岩石高SiO2、Sr,高Sr/Y比值,富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素和Y及高场强元素,铕异常基本不明显,具备埃达克岩的地球化学特征。锆石εHf(t)值较高(+12.78～+14.54),说明源区可能为亏损地幔或新生的玄武质下地壳。根据微量元素组成认为花岗闪长岩主要起源于晚古生代底侵的岛弧玄武-安山质下地壳。弧火山岩和埃达克质花岗闪长岩的发现表明,区内晚泥盆世-早石炭世发生过大洋板片的俯冲作用,可能与额尔古纳-兴安地块与松嫩地块的碰撞拼合密切相关。     

西藏冈底斯东部门巴地区晚白垩世埃达克质岩的岩石成因

本文首次报道了西藏冈底斯东部门巴地区晚白垩世花岗闪长岩的岩石学、锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素、全岩元素与Sr-Nd同位素地球化学数据。门巴花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb定年结果为88.3Ma。花岗闪长岩的SiO2含量为66.4%～68.5%,K2O含量为3.1%～4.1%,A/CNK为0.90～0.99,属于高钾钙碱性准铝质岩石。岩石强烈富集轻稀土元素,(La/Yb)N为25.3～46.6,具弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.83～0.91),高Sr(725×10-6～766×10-6)、高Sr/Y比值(Sr/Y=52.2～65.2),具有埃达克岩的特征,本文称之为门巴埃达克质岩石。门巴埃达克质岩石εNd(t)值为-4.1～-4.3,(87Sr/86Sr)t值为0.70671～0.70672。εHf(t)范围为-3.4～-1.2,Hf同位素地壳模式年龄为tCDM=1.2～1.4Ga。结合门巴埃达克质岩的主、微量元素、同位素以及含有闪长质包体等特征,判断门巴埃达克质岩石主要来源于古老下地壳物质的部分熔融,可能是来源于下地壳物质的熔体与幔源岩浆(如底侵的玄武岩浆)发生混合作用的结果。通过与在南冈底斯发现的埃达克岩的成因及地球动力学背景的对比,本文认为新特提斯洋洋脊俯冲作用不仅为镁铁质下地壳的熔融提供了能量,而且在岩浆形成演化过程中也起到了重要作用。     

内蒙古梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩中埃达克岩的发现及其演化模式

本文报道在内蒙古西乌旗梅劳特乌拉SSZ型蛇绿岩中新发现的早二叠世洋内弧呼和德埃达克岩。该埃达克岩位于贺根山缝合带内,侵位于晚石炭世梅劳特乌拉SSZ型蛇绿岩带之中,岩性为细粒-中粒花岗闪长岩。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年表明,呼和德埃达克岩的侵位年龄为294.7±1.7Ma,其形成时代为早二叠世。呼和德埃达克岩属于低钾拉斑系列与中钾钙碱性系列的过渡型岩石,SiO_2为64.93%~69.50%,MgO为0.80%~1.48%,Al_2O_3为15.72%~19.11%,Na2O/K2O为3.01~8.60;Sr为368×10~(-6)~700.40×10~(-6),Yb为0.95×10~(-6)~1.76×10~(-6),Y为5.26×10~(-6)~9.27×10~(-6);相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)K、Rb和Sr等,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti和P等;稀土元素总量较低(32.68×10~(-6)~66.69×10~(-6)),轻重稀土分馏明显,(La/Yb)N为3.31~5.10,无明显的Eu负异常,显示了典型埃达克岩的地球化学特征。呼和德埃达克岩与梅劳特乌拉SSZ型蛇绿岩,构成梅劳特洋内弧初始俯冲作用较为完整连续的蛇纹石化方辉橄榄岩、层状-块状辉长岩、枕状拉斑玄武岩、玻安岩、富Nb玄武岩和高镁或镁安山岩等岩石组合序列。岩石学和地球化学特征表明,呼和德埃达克岩形成于洋内弧环境,为洋内弧初始俯冲作用早期的深成岩。这标志着古亚洲洋贺根山缝合带洋壳初始俯冲发生于早二叠世。根据晚石炭世-早二叠世梅劳特乌拉洋内弧的主要特征和识别标志,初步建立了晚石炭世-早二叠世梅劳特乌拉洋内弧初始俯冲系统形成演化模式。     

柴北缘都兰UHP地体中两期不同性质的岩浆活动:对碰撞造山作用的启示

本文报道了对柴北缘都兰地区英云闪长岩、花岗岩的地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素的研究结果.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,英云闪长岩侵住时代为432～434Ma,并显示出类似于埃达克质岩石的地球化学特征:(1)高SiO2、富Na2O、贫KO、过铝质;(2)高Sr、低Y和相应的高Sr/Y值;(3)高La/Yb和低Yb;(4)轻重稀土分馏程度高,亏损重稀土;(5)富集Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,而亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素.结合英云闪长岩高的εHí(t)值(3.3～10.7)和年轻的地壳模式年龄(732～1207Ma),可以认为本区英云闪长岩源自于增厚下地壳的部分熔融作用.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,晚期花岗岩的结晶时代为382～391Ma,并显示出类似于S型花岗岩的地球化学特征:(1)高SiO2,低MgO和高K2O的特征,K2O/Na2O＞1;(2)A/CNK几乎全部大于1,显示过铝质的特征;(3)轻、重稀土分馏程度低,(La/Yb)N =2.22～9.62,但具明显的负Eu异常(δEu =0.27～0.81);(4)强烈亏损Nb、Ta、sr和Ti等元素,轻微亏损Ba元素.在综合对比花岗岩形成年龄与区域高压-超高压变质时代的基础上,结合地球化学特征,推断都兰地区花岗岩体可能形成于后碰撞造山伸展作用阶段,并可能是由其围岩富铝质片麻岩部分熔融形成,并可能有少量地幔物质的添加.     

西藏泽当蛇绿岩玄武岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄 及其地质意义

雅鲁藏布江缝合带中各蛇绿岩体的准确定年对待提斯洋演化和青藏高原隆升的研究具有重要意义.泽当蛇绿岩是雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段最大的蛇绿岩块体,关于其形成年龄目前仍存在不同的认识.通过SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年得到蛇绿岩中玄武岩的形成年龄为154.9Ma±2.0Ma(95％置信度,MSWD=0.98).蛇绿岩中的玄武岩是洋脊扩张的产物,其形成年龄代表了扩张事件的时间,也代表了蛇绿岩的形成时代.结合已有的雅鲁藏布江缝合带蛇绿岩的形成年龄,该年龄进一步反映出雅鲁藏布江缝合带蛇绿岩形成时间具有东早西晚的特点.泽当蛇绿岩与含有埃达克质英云闪长岩的泽当岛弧火成岩基本为同期形成的.地球化学特征显示定年的玄武岩形成于俯冲带之上,且具有指示洋内俯冲环境的地球化学特征.因此,泽当SSZ型蛇绿岩可能形成于洋内俯冲机制.     

西藏雅鲁藏布江南岸若措早侏罗世含矿斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

针对西藏雅鲁藏布江南岸若措地区矿化斑岩的岩相学、年代学和地球化学特征,研究旨在探讨与新特提斯洋早期俯冲作用有关的岩浆和成矿作用,拓宽侏罗纪斑岩型矿床找矿思路。样品锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示矿化角闪石英闪长斑岩结晶年龄为181.70 Ma±2.90 Ma,成岩时代为早侏罗世;微量元素地球化学特征显示富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs:如Rb,Sr和U)和轻稀土(LREEs),亏损高场强元素(HFSEs:如Nb,Ta和Ti)和重稀土(HREEs),结合微量元素构造环境判别图解,暗示其形成于新特提斯洋北向俯冲相关的岩浆弧环境。同时岩石以高Sr(344×10~(-6)~571×10~(-6))、Sr/Y(37.69~46.36)和Mg#值(44~54),低Yb(0.93×10~(-6)~1.31×10~(-6))和Y(9.12×10~(-6)~13.02×10~(-6))为特征,这与起源板片部分熔融的埃达克岩地球化学特征一致,暗示母岩浆主要起源新特提斯洋洋壳的部分熔融。综合分析认为雅鲁藏布江北岸和雅鲁藏江南岸均具有寻找侏罗纪斑岩型矿床的潜力,矿产勘查工作的重点是侏罗纪斑岩体与火山-沉积岩盖层的耦合区域。     

西藏冈底斯带中段以东得明顶地区晚白垩世花岗岩类锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学证据

得明顶地区花岗岩位于西藏冈底斯火山岩浆弧中段以东,主要岩石类型有:石英闪长岩、石英二长闪长岩、英云闪长岩、黑云花岗闪长岩、斑状黑云二长花岗岩,岩石具钙碱性特征,w(SiO2)在57.19%～71.78%之间,K2O/Na2O=0.39～0.98,相对富钠,A/CNK=0.80～1.02,Al2O3变化于13.64%～18.74%之间,为准铝质岩石,花岗岩体稀土元素总量ΣREE变化于94.69×10-6～227.28×10-6之间;轻稀土元素富集,负Eu异常由不明显到明显,富K,Rb,Ba,Th等大离子亲石元素和亏损Nb,Y,Yb等高场强元素为特征。岩石学和岩石地球化学研究表明,该时期的花岗岩有由中性向酸性演化的规律,为同源岩浆,具俯冲I型花岗岩的特点,形成于板块俯冲下的岛弧环境。冈底斯岩带中东段雪拉岩体花岗闪长岩锆石的SHRIMPU-Pb年龄为70.4Ma±2.2Ma,表明冈底斯岩浆弧带在白垩世从早到晚岩浆均在剧烈地活动,是新特提斯洋向北俯冲作用的产物。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of