江西修水县西北部九岭群大坑组的地层层序与沉积古地理

江西修水县西北部元古代九岭群大坑组露头较好，各种原生沉积构造及次生变形构造发育．运用地层学、沉积学与构造地质学相结合的方法建立了其地层层序，探讨了其变质变形特征、沉积古地理与构造古地理．根据大坑组的岩石学特征、沉积相及岩石地球化学特征，推测其为活动大陆边缘弧后盆地浊积扇沉积的产物     

江西修水县西北部九岭群大坑组的地层…

江西修水县西北部元古代九岭群大坑组露头较好，各种原生沉积构造及次生变形构造发育，运用地层学，沉积学与构造地质学相结合的方法建立了其地层层序，探讨了其变质变形变形特征，沉积古地理与构造古地理根据大坑组的岩石学特征，沉积相及岩石地球化学特征，推测其为活动大陆边缘弧后盆地浊积扇沉积的产物。     

西秦岭造山带泥盆纪沉积地质学和动力沉积学:造山带沉积地质学研究的思想、内容与方法

造山带沉积地质学是融造山带地层学、沉积学、大地构造学及地球物理、地球化学等为一体的综合性分支学科，被誉为近年来自层序地层学诞生之后，沉积学领域又一次Ｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋ式的跃进．本文着重介绍了造山带沉积地质学研究中应坚持以活动论思想为指导，借鉴沉积盆地分析中整体分析、综合分析、背景分析和演化分析的学术思想和工作原理，并结合造山带结构和盆地及古海洋格局，确定造山带沉积地质学研究内容和技术路线、造山带沉积地质学包括造山带区域地层学、区域沉积学、区域构造学、地层层序和沉积演化、古地理和古海洋格局、动力沉积学和动力演化模式等内容和多层次综合研究的技术路线。     

吉黑造山带二叠纪生物古地理区划及特征

吉黑造山带其实质是天山－兴安造山带的东延部分,夹持于华北板块与西伯利亚板块之间,北部为以佳木斯地块为中心的地块群,南部为古生代陆缘褶皱带,东北部为中生代走滑拼贴的那丹哈达－比金地体。该造山带是由于晚古生代末期华北板块与北部中间地块间的陆－陆碰撞对接和中生代太平洋板块的斜向俯冲挤压形成的。二叠纪是吉黑造山带古地理、古气候和古构造变化最为显著的时期,反映在生物古地理方面的生物混生和交融也非常明显。详细研究该时期生物古地理格局与演化是解决造山带二叠纪古构造格局的关键。     

北淮阳东段变质构造地层的古构造环境

关于大别山北麓北淮阳东段原佛子岭岩群的古构造环境问题,存在着认识分歧,其主要原因是将形成构造背景与地质演化历史本不相同的不同构造地层单元混在了一起,不加区分地进行古构造环境分析。根据构造变形、岩相学、岩石地球化学等的综合研究,将原佛子岭岩群解体为被一重要的构造滑脱带所分隔的下部卢镇关构造混杂岩带和上部诸佛庵岩群。通过对新厘定的构造岩石地层单元分别进行沉积建造和岩石化学、地球化学特征的研究发现,下部卢镇关构造混杂岩带形成于被动大陆边缘环境,而上部诸佛庵岩群形成于华北板块南部活动大陆边缘环境。这意味着华北、扬子板块的古生代板块碰撞缝合带的位置应该位于诸佛庵岩群分布区域的南侧,而且板块俯冲-碰撞的极性表现为扬子板块向华北板块之下俯冲。     

西秦岭造山带泥盆纪沉积地质学和动力沉积学研究:西秦岭南带泥盆纪裂陷槽盆地、摩天岭地体沉积特征和盆地格局

南秦岭裂陷槽位于中秦岭微板块和摩天岭地体之间．本文根据裂陷槽盆地三河回群和摩天岭地体泥盆系沉积学研究，结合火山作用和生物古地理的研究，探讨该区泥盆纪的盆地格局．三河口群以深水盆地和陆棚沉积为主，内夹拉斑玄武岩和硷性玄武岩，岩石化学和稀土元素的分配型式都反映其处于裂陷槽盆地背景。生物古地理分异也指示型陷槽盆地的存在．摩天岭地体泥盆系为滨岸－陆棚碎屑岩和陆棚－缓坡碳酸盐沉积，其为扬子板块北部大陆边缘的一部分．     

论断代构造-地层区划的原则与方法:以中国寒武纪构造-地层区划为例

基础地质调查的首项任务就是查清不同构造-地层区划单元内的地层层序和时代.因此,开展构造-地层区划和建立地层格架,是矿产能源、水文环境和工程地质等工作不可缺少的一项奠基性工作.本文强调构造、沉积和气候环境等对地层发育的主控作用,并提出断代构造-地层区划定义为:是指对一个国家或地区某一地质发展阶段(如新元古代,寒武纪等)内形成的地层,通过对其形成的构造环境、沉积和气候环境、岩石组合、古生物组合、地球物理和地球化学特征等记录的综合调查分析对比后,所进行的地层地理分布划分.根据新含义,本文以中国寒武纪构造-地层区划为实例,拟定出构造-地层区划的主要依据是:全球洋陆重建分布、地层建造大类、基底和盖层地层序列和洋陆转化时间、地层序列完整性与接触关系、地层岩性岩相序列对比、造山带对接缝合带洋板块地层分布与特征、造山带叠接缝合带洋板块地层分布与特征、生物古地理区系、构造-岩相古地理格局、古气候分区、区划边界11条识别标志.      

塔里木板块南缘早古生代沉积特征及构造背景探讨

塔里木板块南缘早古生代时期继承了震旦纪的古地理格局，处于浅海陆棚—半深海环境，沉积了一套海相碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩地层。根据区域地层划分、古生物化石和最新的同位素测年数据，确定了塔里林板块南缘地层时代为早古生代。通过沉积学和地球化学方法初步分析，确定了该地区为早古生代的大地构造背景—具有被动大陆边缘性质。因此，系统研究塔里木板块南缘早古生代沉积地层，对于重塑早生代以来该区板块构造格局及演化历史有重要地质意义。     

洋板块地层学的概念、模式、组成及失序变化*

着重介绍了洋板块地层的概念、模式、组成及失序变化特征。造山带混杂岩和大陆边缘增生复合体是经历俯冲碰撞消亡后的古洋沉积记录,利用微体古生物地层学和同位素年代学方法可以重建造山带混杂岩和大陆边缘增生复合体的原始地层。洋板块地层(学)是用来描述沉淀在洋壳基底之上的沉积岩和火成岩序列的术语,其开始于洋中脊形成,终止于该洋中脊被移入到汇聚边缘增生楔。从造山带混杂岩中重建的古大洋地层的基本组成大体相似,但因大洋岩石圈的岩浆背景不同,造成不同时期和不同类型的洋板块地层组成也会有差异。在前人研究成果的基础上, 笔者通过对不同类型洋板块地层进行分类,介绍了如何从经历碰撞造山过程的增生造山带进行洋板块地层的重建。引入“洋板块地层学”概念的主要目的在于通过对因俯冲增生而消亡的具有洋壳基底的构造洋盆和边缘海盆地的地层单元进行重建,恢复已消失洋的地层组成单元,这对造山带地层解析、造山带构造古地理恢复、重大构造变革期古地理学研究和板块重建等都将起到积极的促进作用。     

滇西北金沙江带硅质岩沉积环境的确定及大地构造意义

硅质岩是金沙造山带中广泛分布的一种岩石类型，其沉积环境的确定对金沙江造山带的深海沉积、大陆边缘地质以及构造格局等方面的研究具有重要意义。本文从岩性特征、放射虫生态组合特征、稀土元素地球化学特征以及沉积组合特征等方面对滇西北金沙江带硅质沉积环境进行了综合研究，据此认为金沙江缝合带不能构成古特提斯域的主缝合带。     

Oxygen Fugacity and Water Activity during Thermal Peak and Retrogression of Granulites around the Sarvapuram Area,Karimnagar Granulite Terrane,Andhra Pradesh,India

The investigated area around Sarvapuram represents a part of the Karimnagar granulite terrane of the Eastern Dharwar Craton, India. Garnet–bearing gneiss is hosted as enclaves, pods within granite gneiss and charnockite. It is largely made up of garnet, orthopyroxene, cordierite, biotite, plagioclase, K–feldspar, sillimanite and quartz. The peak metamorphic stage is represented by the equilibrium mineral assemblage i.e. garnet, orthopyroxene, cordierite, biotite, plagioclase, sillimanite and quartz. Breakdown of the garnet as well as preservation of the orthopyroxene–cordierite symplectite, formation of cordierite with the consumption of the garnet + sillimanite + quartz represents the decompressional event. The thermobarometric calculations suggest a retrograde P–T path with a substantial decompression of c. 3.0 kbar. The water activity(XH2 O) conditions obtained with the win TWQ program for core and symplectite compositions from garnet–bearing gneiss are 0.07–0.14 and 0.11–0.16 respectively. The quantitative estimation of oxygen fugacity in garnet–bearing gneiss reveal log f O2 values ranging from-11.38 to-14.05. This high oxidation state could be one of the reasons that account for the absence of graphite in these rocks.     

Proterozoic anticlockwise P–T path of the Lewisian Complex of South Harris, Outer Hebrides, NW Scotland

The Leverburgh Belt and South Harris Igneous Complex in South Harris (northwest Scotland) experienced high-pressure granulite facies metamorphism during the Palaeoproterozoic. The metamorphic history has been determined from the following mineral textures and compositions observed in samples of pelitic, quartzofeldspathic and mafic gneisses, especially in pelitic gneisses from the Leverburgh Belt: (1) some coarse-grained garnet in the pelitic gneiss includes biotite and quartz in the inner core, sillimanite in the outer core, and is overgrown by kyanite at the rims; (2) garnet in the pelitic gneiss shows a progressive increase in grossular content from outer core to rims; (3) the Al^VI/Al^IV ratio of clinopyroxene from mafic gneiss increases from core to rim; (4) retrograde reaction coronas of cordierite and hercynite+cordierite are formed between garnet and kyanite, and orthopyroxene+cordierite and orthopyroxene+plagioclase reaction coronas develop between garnet and quartz; (5) a P–T path is deduced from inclusion assemblages in garnet and from staurolite breakdown reactions to produce garnet+sillimanite and garnet+sillimanite+hercynite with increasing temperature; and (6) in sheared and foliated rocks, hydrous minerals such as biotite, muscovite and hornblende form a foliation, modifying pre-existing textures. The inferred metamorphic history of the Leverburgh Belt is divided into four stages, as follows: (M1) prograde metamorphism with increasing temperature; (M2) prograde metamorphism with increasing pressure; (M3) retrograde decompressional metamorphism with decreasing pressure and temperature; and (M4) retrograde metamorphism accompanied by shearing. Peak P–T conditions of the M2 stage are 800±30 °C, 13–14 kbar. Pressure increasing from M1 to M2 suggests thrusting of continental crust over the South Harris belt during continent–continent collision. The inferred P–T path and tectonic history of the South Harris belt are different from those of the Lewisian of the mainland.     

Sapphirine parageneses from the Caraiba complex, Bahia, Brazil: the influence of Fe2+–Fe3+ distribution on the stability of sapphirine in natural assemblages

Abstract Sapphirine-bearing rocks occur in three conformable, metre-size lenses in intrusive quartzo-feldspathic orthogneisses in the Curaçà valley of the Archaean Caraiba complex of Brazil. In the lenses there are six different sapphirine-bearing rock types, which have the following phases (each containing phlogopite in addition): A: Sapphirine, orthopyroxene; B: Sapphirine, cordierite, orthopyroxene, spinel; C: Sapphirine, cordierite; D: Sapphirine, cordierite, orthopyroxene, quartz; E: Sapphirine, cordierite, orthopyroxene, sillimanite, quartz; F: Sapphirine, cordierite, K-feldspar, quartz. Neither sapphirine and quartz nor orthopyroxene and sillimanite have been found in contact, however. During mylonitization, introduction of silica into the three quartz-free rocks (which represent relict protolith material) gave rise to the three cordierite and quartz-bearing rocks. Stable parageneses in the more magnesian rocks were sapphirine–orthopyroxene and sapphirine–cordierite. In more iron-rich rocks, sapphirine–cordierite, sapphirine-cordierite–sillimanite, cordierite–sillimanite, sapphirine–cordierite–spinel–magnetite and quartz–cordierite–orthopyroxene were stable. The iron oxide content in sapphirine of the six rocks increases from an average of 2.0 to 10.5 wt % (total Fe as FeO) in the order: C,F–A,D–B,E. With increase in Fe there is an increase in recalculated Fe₂O₃ in sapphirine. The four rock types associated with the sapphirine-bearing lenses are: I: Orthopyroxene, cordierite, biotite, quartz, feldspar tonalitic to grandioritic gneiss; II: Biotite, quartz, feldspar gneiss; III: Orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, hornblende, plagioclase meta-norite; IV: Biotite, orthopyroxene, quartz, feldspar, garnet, cordierite, sillimanite granulite gneiss. The stable parageneses in type IV are orthopyroxene–cordierite–quartz, garnet–sillimanite–quartz and garnet–cordierite–sillimanite. Geothermobarometry suggests that the associated host rocks equilibrated at 720–750°C and 5.5–6.5 kbar. Petrogenetic grids for the FMASH and FMAFSH (FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–Fe₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O) model systems indicate that sapphirine-bearing assemblages without garnet were stabilized by a high Fe³⁺ content and a high X_Mg= (Mg/ (Mg+Fe²⁺)) under these P–T conditions.     

Pro- and retrograde P–T evolution of granulites of the Beit Bridge Complex (Limpopo Belt, South Africa): constraints from quantitative phase diagrams and geotectonic implications

Interpretations based on quantitative phase diagrams in the system CaO–Na₂O–K₂O–TiO₂–MnO–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O indicate that mineral assemblages, zonations and microstructures observed in migmatitic rocks from the Beit Bridge Complex (Messina area, Limpopo Belt) formed along a clockwise P–T path. That path displays a prograde P–T increase from 600 °C/7.0 kbar to 780 °C/9–10 kbar (pressure peak) and 820 °C/8 kbar (thermal peak), followed by a P–T decrease to 600 °C/4 kbar. The data used to construct the P–T path were derived from three samples of migmatitic gneiss from a restricted area, each of which has a distinct bulk composition: (1) a K, Al‐rich garnet–biotite–cordierite–sillimanite–K‐feldspar–plagioclase–quartz–graphite gneiss (2) a K‐poor, Al‐rich garnet–biotite–staurolite–cordierite–kyanite–sillimanite–plagioclase–quartz–rutile gneiss, and (3) a K, Al‐poor, Fe‐rich garnet–orthopyroxene–biotite–chlorite–plagioclase–quartz–rutile–ilmenite gneiss. Preservation of continuous prograde garnet growth zonation demonstrates that the pro‐ and retrograde P–T evolution of the gneisses must have been rapid, occurring during a single orogenic cycle. These petrological findings in combination with existing geochronological and structural data show that granulite facies metamorphism of the Beit Bridge metasedimentary rocks resulted from an orogenic event during the Palaeoproterozoic (c. 2.0 Ga), caused by oblique collision between the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe Cratons. Abbreviations follow Kretz (1983 ).     

Metapelitic granulites from Jetty Peninsula,east Antarctica: formation during a single event or by polymetamorphism?

Granulite facies metasedimentary gneiss exposed on Jetty Peninsula, east Antarctica, contains assemblages involving garnet-sillimanite-biotite-cordierite-spinel-ilmenite-rutile and garnet-orthopyroxene-cordierite-biotite, as well as quartz and K-feldspar. Peak assemblages involve garnet + sillimanite + ilmenite (±rutile) and garnet + orthopyroxene. P-T calculations suggest formation conditions of approximately 800d? C at 7-7.5 kbar. Cooling from peak conditions is suggested by biotite + garnet (±sillimanite) overprinting some peak assemblages. A subsequent increase in temperature is inferred from the formation of cordierite + garnet + biotite + ilmenite, garnet + sillimanite + cordierite + ilmenite and cordierite + orthopyroxene assemblages during D2. In slightly zincian bulk compositions, hercynitic spinel + cordierite + sillimanite constitutes the peak D2 assemblage. Average pressure calculations indicate peak pressures of 5.9 ±0.4 kbar at 700d? C for the cordierite-bearing D2 assemblages. Available radiometric data suggest that peak metamorphism occurred at c. 1000 Ma and D2 occurred after 940 ± 20 Ma. The following two possibilities exist for the metamorphic evolution. (1) The formation of the lower pressure cordierite-bearing assemblages is associated with a separate metamorphic event (M2), unrelated to the peak assemblage (M1), and the lower pressure assemblages have no relevance in terms of a single tectonothermal event. (2) The cordierite-bearing assemblages formed during a progression from peak conditions. In this case, the lower pressure assemblages reflect a broadly decompressional metamorphic evolution, during which temperatures fluctuated. Comparison with P-T paths from granulites of similar age in adjacent areas suggests that the second possibility should be preferred. The cooling interval between peak conditions and the development of cordierite-bearing coronas and symplectites suggests affinities with isobarically cooled granulites of similar age immediately to the west, and the low-P/high-T post-peak conditions are similar to the later stages of decompressional paths recognized in much of east Antarctica.     

Geological observations in high‐grade mid‐Proterozoic rocks from Else Platform,northern Prince Charles mountains region,east Antarctica

Granulite facies rocks on Else Platform in the northern Prince Charles Mountains, east Antarctica, consist of metasedimentary gneiss extensively intruded by granitic rocks. The dominant rock type is a layered garnetbiotite‐bearing gneiss intercalated with minor garnet‐cordierite‐sillimanite gneiss and calc‐silicate. Voluminous megacrystic granite intruded early during a mid‐Proterozoic (ca 1000 Ma) granulite event, M₁, widely recognized in east Antarctica. Peak metamorphic conditions for M₁ are in the range of 650–750 MPa at ～800°C and were associated with the development of a gneissic foliation, S₁ and steep east‐plunging lineation, L₁. Strain partitioning during progressive non‐coaxial deformation formed large D₂ granulite facies south‐dipping thrusts, with a steep, east‐plunging lineation. In areas of lower D₂ strain, large‐scale upright, steep east‐plunging fold structures formed synchronously with the D₂ high‐strain zones. Voluminous garnet‐bearing leucogneiss intruded at 940 ±20 Ma and was deformed in the D₂ high‐strain zones. Textural relationships in pelitic rocks show that peak‐M2 assemblages formed during increasing temperatures via reactions such as biotite + sillimanite + quartz ± plagioclase = spinel + cordierite + ilmenite + K‐feldspar + melt. In biotite‐absent rocks, re‐equilibration of deformed M₁ garnet‐sillimanite‐ilmenite assemblages occurred through decompressive reactions of the form, garnet + sillimanite + ilmenite = cordierite + spinel + quartz. Pressure/temperature estimates indicate that peak‐M₂ conditions were 500–600 MPa and 700±50°C. At about 500 Ma, north‐trending granitic dykes intruded and were deformed during D₃‐M₃ at probable upper amphibolite facies conditions. Cooling from peak D₃‐M₃ conditions was associated with the formation of narrow greenschist facies shear zones, and the intrusion of pegmatite. Cross‐cutting all features are abundant north‐south trending alkaline mafic dykes that were emplaced over the interval ca 310–145 Ma, reflecting prolonged intrusive activity. Some of the dykes are associated with steeply dipping faults that may be related to basin formation during Permian times and later extension, synchronous with the formation of the Lambert Graben in the Cretaceous.     

贺兰山北段贺兰山岩群富铝片麻岩碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及区域对比

贺兰山北段贺兰山岩群中发育一套富铝片麻岩,Al2O3含量较高,总体与粘土质岩石化学成分相似,显示孔兹岩系的特征,变质矿物组合主要为石榴子石、堇青石、硅线石、十字石、紫苏辉石等,变质级别达角闪岩相—麻粒岩相。从宗别立岩组含石榴矽线黑云二长片麻岩中选取100粒各种类型的锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年,获得47个测年数据,锆石年龄多数介于1.80~2.15Ga之间,峰值为2.00~2.05Ga。碎屑锆石年龄频谱图与鄂尔多斯地块北缘的集宁岩群和乌拉山岩群十分相似,总体与吕梁构造运动的时限一致,为华北克拉通成熟陆壳演化阶段的产物,证明孔兹岩系形成于古元古代,之后长期处于稳定状态,很少受到构造热事件的干扰。     

Transition of metamorphic series from the Kyanite- to andalusite-types in the Altai orogen, Xinjiang, China: Evidence from petrography and calculated KMnFMASH and KFMASH phase relations

Metamorphic zones in the Chinese Altai orogen have previously been separated into the kyanite- and andalusite-types, the andalusite-type being spatially more extensive. The kyanite-type involves a zonal sequence of biotite, garnet, staurolite, kyanite, sillimanite and, locally, garnet–cordierite zones. The andalusite-type zonal sequence is similar: it includes biotite, garnet and staurolite zones at lower-T conditions and sillimanite and garnet–cordierite zones at higher-T conditions, but additionally contains staurolite–andalusite and andalusite–sillimanite zones at intermediate-T conditions. As relic kyanite-bearing assemblages commonly persist in the staurolite–andalusite, andalusite–sillimanite and sillimanite zones, it is not clear that the distinction is valid. On the basis of a reevaluation of phase relations modelled in KMnFMASH and KFMASH pseudosections, kyanite and andalusite-bearing rocks of the Chinese Altai orogen record, respectively, the typical burial and exhumation history of the terrane. Mineral assemblages distributed through the various zones reflect a mix of portions of the ambient P–T array and the effects of evolving P–T conditions. The comparatively low-T biotite, garnet and staurolite zones mostly preserve kyanite-type peak assemblages that only experienced minor changes during exhumation. Rocks in the comparatively high-T sillimanite and garnet–cordierite zones are dominated by mineral assemblages of a transitional sillimanite type, having formed by the extensive modification of earlier higher pressure assemblages during exhumation. Only rocks in the intermediate-T kyanite and probably some lower sillimanite zones were clearly recrystallized by late stage andalusite metamorphism, producing the staurolite–andalusite and andalusite–sillimanite zones. This andalusite metamorphism could not reach an equilibrium state because of limited fluid availability.     

High to ultrahigh temperature contact metamorphism and dry partial melting of the Tasiuyak paragneiss,Northern Labrador

Contact aureoles of the anorthositic to granitic plutons of the Mesoproterozoic Nain Plutonic Suite (NPS), Labrador, are particularly well developed in the Palaeoproterozoic granulite facies, metasedimentary, Tasiuyak gneiss. Granulite facies regional metamorphism (M_R), c. 1860 Ma, led to biotite dehydration melting of the paragneiss and melt migration, leaving behind biotite‐poor, garnet–sillimanite‐bearing quartzofeldspathic rocks. Subsequently, Tasiuyak gneiss within a c. 1320 Ma contact aureole of the NPS was statically subjected to lower pressure, but higher temperature conditions (M_C), leading to a second partial melting event, and the generation of complex mineral assemblages and microstructures, which were controlled to a large extent by the textures of the M_R assemblage. This control is clearly seen in scanning electron microscopic images of thin sections and is further supported by phase equilibria modelling. Samples collected within the contact aureole near Anaktalik Brook, west of Nain, Labrador, mainly consist of spinel–cordierite and orthopyroxene–cordierite (or plagioclase) pseudomorphs after M_R sillimanite and garnet, respectively, within a quartzofeldspathic matrix. In addition, some samples contain fine‐grained intergrowths of K‐feldspar–quartz–cordierite–orthopyroxene inferred to be pseudomorphs after osumulite. Microstructural evidence of the former melt includes (i) coarse‐grained K‐feldspar–quartz–cordierite–orthopyroxene domains that locally cut the rock fabric and are inferred to represent neosome; (ii) very fine‐ to medium‐grained cordierite–quartz intergrowths interpreted to have formed by a reaction involving dissolution of biotite and feldspar in melt; and (iii) fine‐scale interstitial pools or micro‐cracks filled by feldspar interpreted to have crystallized from melt. Ultrahigh temperature (UHT) conditions during contact metamorphism are supported by (i) solidus temperatures >900 °C estimated for all samples, coupled with extensive textural evidence for contact‐related partial melting; (ii) the inferred (former) presence of osumilite; and (iii) titanium‐in‐quartz thermometry indicating temperatures within error of 900 °C. The UHT environment in which these unusual textures and minerals were developed was likely a consequence of the superposition of more than one contact metamorphic event upon the already relatively anhydrous Tasiuyak gneiss.     

Low pressure cordierite-bearing migmatites from Kelly's Mountain,Nova Scotia

The Kelly's Mountain gneiss complex of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, is a migmatitic paragneiss dominated by biotite- and cordierite-bearing assemblages. Metamorphic grade throughout the complex is in the upper amphibolite facies, with garnet absent and only retrograde muscovite present. In the high grade core of the complex the reaction biotite+andalusite+quartz=cordierite+K-feldspar+sillimanite+ilmenite+H₂O is preserved. The pelitic migmatites contain cordierite- and K-feldspar-rich leucosomes and biotite-rich melanosomes. Minor clinopyroxene-bearing amphibolite in the complex does not show migmatitic textures. The migmatites are interpreted as in situ peraluminous partial melts on the basis of phase relations and textural criteria. Retrograde metamorphism under conditions of high fluid pressure locally produced muscovite after K-feldspar and muscovite+green biotite+chlorite after cordierite in paragneiss, and sphene after ilmenite in amphibolite. Peak metamorphic conditions of 1–3.5 kb and 580–700° C are estimated. The high geothermal gradient inferred from these conditions was probably caused by the intrusion of diorites associated with the gneiss complex. The Kelly's Mountain complex represents a rare example of migmatites formed in the low-pressure facies series, and illustrates some of the reactions involving melting in high grade pelitic rocks.