新疆特变电工职工住宅区水文地质条件分析

在对新疆昌吉市气象、水文、地形地貌、地质构造以及地层岩性等条件分析的基础上,对研究区的区域水文地质条件和地下水资源开发利用进行了分析。研究结果表明:项目建设区巨厚的第四纪沉积物,为地下水的储存、运移提供了良好的空间,区域埋藏着丰富的孔隙潜水;主要接受天山北麓受冰雪融水与大气降水补给,地下水的总体流向为NNE,地下水排泄主要为侧向排泄和地下水人工开采两种形式;昌吉市用水量按用途主要包括农业用水、工业用水、城镇生活及农村用水。     

哈密盆地区域水文地质条件分析

在对哈密盆地气象、水文、地形以及地貌等条件分析的基础上,对研究区的区域水文地质条件和地下水资源开发利用进行了分析。研究结果表明:哈密盆地为典型的内陆干旱盆地,地下水类型包括松散岩类孔隙水、碎屑岩类裂隙孔隙水、基岩裂隙水和冻结层水。哈密盆地潜水主要接受北部巴里坤山、哈尔里克山的冰川融水及少量大气降水补给,径流总体方向由北向南,排泄以侧向径流、机井开采、坎儿井取水、蒸发等方式排泄;哈密盆地在地下水的开发利用上以机电井为主,而坎儿井、泉为辅。     

新疆乌苏市地下水的补给、径流和排泄条件与动态特征

乌苏市是新疆天山北坡经济带的重要发展区域和组成部分,经济快速发展,耕地面积不断扩大,增加了对水资源的需求,使得乌苏市农灌用水紧缺,地下水资源十分宝贵,要合理合法利用,以乌苏市不同地形情况具体分析乌苏市地下水的补给、径流和排泄条件,以及分析潜水与承压水的动态特征。     

昌吉市地下水水位动态变化特征研究

昌吉市属新疆地下水超采严重的区域,随着昌吉市地表水供水工程的完善和用水总量控制方案的落实,昌吉市抽水机井按照计划逐年关停,地下水水位加速下降的趋势逐渐得到一定程度遏制。通过对昌吉市14眼国控监测井、3眼州控监测井和6眼市控监测井2010-2020年地下水位资料进行整理计算,分析昌吉市地下水位动态变化趋势,并探讨了地下水位下降原因和对环境的影响,结果显示:昌吉市近十年地下水水位总体趋势呈现下降趋势。但在2019年,州控井年平均地下水水位开始出现反弹呈上升趋势,主要得益昌吉市地下水水资源管理措施的加强、昌吉州用水总量控制方案的落实和地下水开采量严格控制。2020年地下水水位比2019年出现下降,主要原因是地下水降水入渗补给量的减少和地下水开采量的增加。应针对地下水水位动态变化特征提出合理建议,保证区域地下水位逐步回升,防止昌吉市生态环境受地下水位埋深影响而恶化。     

中国地下水资源演变趋势及影响因素分析

中国地下水资源发生了显著变化,全面摸清地下水资源演变趋势及其影响因素是治理和管理地下水资源的基础。基于全国水资源调查评价、中国水资源公报等资料,对中国60余年来地下水资源的演变规律与影响因素进行了系统分析。结果表明:全国地下水资源量总体稳定,但区域演变趋势差异明显,海河区、辽河区、黄河区呈明显衰减态势;地下水补给结构发生重大变化,由自然补给演变为自然与人工补给并存的模式;地下水排泄结构发生巨大变异,由天然排泄逐渐演变为以人工排泄为主。海河区、松花江区、黄河区、西北诸河区等区域地下水补给排泄关系严重失衡,超采问题突出;降水变化、下垫面条件改变、人类活动干扰是地下水资源变化的主要原因。     

中国地下水资源演变趋势及影响因素分析

中国地下水资源发生了显著变化,全面摸清地下水资源演变趋势及其影响因素是治理和管理地下水资源的基础。基于全国水资源调查评价、中国水资源公报等资料,对中国60余年来地下水资源的演变规律与影响因素进行了系统分析。结果表明：全国地下水资源量总体稳定,但区域演变趋势差异明显,海河区、辽河区、黄河区呈明显衰减态势;地下水补给结构发生重大变化,由自然补给演变为自然与人工补给并存的模式;地下水排泄结构发生巨大变异,由天然排泄逐渐演变为以人工排泄为主。海河区、松花江区、黄河区、西北诸河区等区域地下水补给排泄关系严重失衡,超采问题突出;降水变化、下垫面条件改变、人类活动干扰是地下水资源变化的主要原因。     

新疆塔里木河源生态脆弱区库车河灌区地下水特征分析

论述了阿克苏地区库车县库车河灌区地下水水文地质、赋存、补给、径流、排泄特征、化学特征和地下水动态变化特征。灌区北高南低地势高差决定了地下水的基本流向,地下水主要以地表水转化补给为主,灌区地下水表现为渗入-蒸发型的动态特征,年际变化小,现状地下水仅有少量生活用水开采,开采量很小,水质较好,满足集中式生活饮用水水源及工、农业用水要求。科学认识该区地下水特征,对该区地下水开发、保护、治理以及调配流域和区域水资源保障供水安全、生态与环境安全和地下水资源的可持续利用政策的实施提供了科学依据。     

天山北麓山前冲洪积扇水源地研究

取用水合理分析是建设项目水资源论证的一项重要内容,是取水水源论证的基础。本文以天山北麓冲洪积扇昌吉市新疆特变电工职工住宅小区项目为例,在对研究区地形地貌、地质构造以及区域水文地质条件分析的基础上,对该项目区域的水资源及开发利用状况进行分析,并从取水合理性、用水合理性、节水潜力和建设项目的合理取用水量等角度分析建设项目取用水的合理性,研究可知:研究区水文地质优越,地下水补给,开采条件好,论证区地下水资源未充分开发,水资源具有较大开发利用潜力。     

乌鲁木齐地铁2号线一期工程水文地质条件分析

在对乌鲁木齐市轨道交通2号线一期工程气象、水文、地形地貌、地层岩性以及地质构造等条件分析的基础上,对研究区的水文地质条件进行了分析。研究结果表明:研究区地下水类型可以划分为碎屑岩类裂隙孔隙水和松散岩类孔隙水;研究区地下水补给主要来自西山断裂北支的充水补给,潜水地下水总体径流方向为西南向东北,承压水受西山断裂北支控制,排泄方式主要有侧向径流流出、潜水蒸发、人工开采方式以及泉点形式排泄。     

乌鲁木齐市山前砾质平原水文地质条件及地下水水质评价

随着新疆乌鲁木齐市社会经济高速发展,区域地下水资源的开发强度不断加剧,需要对乌鲁木齐市山前砾质平原含水层富水性特征以及地下水水位变幅情况进行研究。本文在对研究区水文地质详查的基础上,通过水文地质钻探、抽水试验、样品分析等手段,查明了区内含水层的结构及富水性特征、埋深以及流量等参数,探讨了地下水补径排情况和水化学特征,并对研究区内的地下水水质进行了评价,结果显示:研究区及其外围主要出露的地层为新生界第四系上更新统冲洪积层和第四系全新统冲洪积层,地下水的补给来源主要为南部河谷地下水侧向径流补给,其次为大气降水和灌溉水入渗补给,而区域地下水的排泄主要用于农业开采,剩余地下水由南向北以地下径流的方式排泄至北部;研究区内地下水具有锅垢很多,有硬沉淀物及半腐蚀性水的特点,需处理后可用作工业锅炉用水,而根据灌溉用水水质评价指标和灌溉用水危害类型的划分,研究区内地下水的灌溉系数为13.718,在潜水排水条件好时,适于灌溉。研究结果为后期该地区地下水资源开发利用提供理论基础和科学依据。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.