安徽仙霞地区地质地球化学特征及找矿方向

在1:5万水系沉积物测量的基础上,对仙霞地区的地球化学特征进行了初步分析。对元素的富集和离散特征、元素组合特征、组合异常分布特征进行了研究。研究发现W、Au、Ag、Mo、Pb、Zn为区内具一定潜力的找矿指标。根据区内成矿地质特征,水系沉积物地球化学异常,圈定了找矿远景区4处,提出了找矿方向。     

河南省新县赛山寨铜异常区找矿前景综合评价

在1∶5万水系沉积物测量的基础上,对大别山北麓赛山寨一带的元素分布特征、单元素异常特征、元素相关性分析、异常元素组合特征进行了研究,研究发现Cu、Au、Mo为区内具一定潜力的找矿指标。文章运用成矿系列、缺位找矿新理论,重新对大别山北麓赛山寨一带区域成矿地质条件及地球化学异常特征进行分析,从区域成矿背景、地层、构造等方面探讨了该铜多金属异常区的成矿条件,认为该异常区斑岩型钼矿成矿地质条件优越,深部应具有较大的找矿潜力,并为该地区今后的矿产勘查工作指明了方向。     

甘肃北山前红泉地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿方向

前人在研究区开展过1∶20万水系沉积物测量及重砂测量,但受比例尺限制,异常面积过大,查证目标不够明确,找矿效果不佳。本次通过对前红泉地区开展1∶5万水系沉积物测量工作,初步总结了该区地球化学特征,根据元素组合特征、成矿地质条件等圈定出综合异常10处;在分析综合异常特征、异常检查情况及成矿潜力的基础上划分了成矿远景区4个,分别为受断裂和韧性剪切带控制的万岁山金成矿远景区、黑山头金多金属成矿远景区、与基性岩有关的帐房山铜钴镍成矿远景区及受酸性岩体内构造裂隙控制的红柳疙瘩钨成矿远景区;在成矿远景区内优选出找矿靶区4处,并提出了下一步找矿工作的建议。     

胶东牟平—文登地区地球化学特征和金成矿潜力:基于1:5万水系沉积物测量

为了研究成矿元素地球化学异常,在山东胶东牟平—文登地区,开展了-60目粒级的1∶5万水系沉积物测量,对水系沉积物中元素含量分布、综合异常特征、相关性及异常元素组合特征进行了研究,在研究区圈定综合异常72处,结果发现:研究区内Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo的异常规模大,异常多分布在断裂构造中,地质及地球化学条件优越,具有较大的成矿潜力,结合区域构造成矿特征揭示水系沉积物和主要地质体中地球化学异常分布及其成因联系。依据综合异常特征和地质信息圈定3处找矿远景区。初村王家泊子和汤村店子金找矿远景区是寻找石英脉型、破碎带型金矿的有利地段,构造发育,且有多期次活动特征,地表可见褐铁矿化、硅化等,异常元素元素组合齐全、强度高、浓集中心明显;解家庄金铅找矿远景区。     

湘东南水口地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿预测

利用1∶5万水口幅水系沉积物测量成果,分析研究湘东南水口地区水系沉积物地球化学特征。利用DGSInfo软件对元素分布、单元素异常、元素相关性、异常元素组合等特征进行分析研究,认为W、Sn、Bi、Cu、Ag为区内的主要成矿元素,共圈出15处地球化学综合异常。结合综合异常所处的成矿地质条件进行综合分析,划分为下湾毒砂金锑找矿远景区、联坑—渣村钨钼铜铅锌多金属找矿远景区、曾子坳—鹰咀岩—田心钨锡铜多金属找矿远景区。通过对远景区内的综合异常查证,在下湾AS1综合异常区、联坑AS3综合异常区、曾子坳AS6综合异常区均找到了与异常相关的矿化信息。结果表明,水系沉积物地球化学测量在该区具有较好的找矿效果,为研究区下一步的找矿工作指明了方向。     

黔北普宜地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及成矿预测

通过黔北普宜地区开展1∶5万水系沉积物测量工作,对研究区的地球化学特征进行初步研究,以获取成矿信息。对水系沉积物样品分析结果进行数理统计,运用成矿元素地球化学特征进行多元统计分析、单元素及组合异常分析,并运用奇异性分析方法对成矿异常进行识别。分析结果表明,Pb、Zn元素异常高值点较多、离散程度较高,地球化学和成矿地质条件优越,具有较好找矿前景。F与Li元素为显著正相关关系,氟病区锂的含量高,地质环境中含量较高的Li对地下水中氟的浓聚迁移可能有抑制作用。综合研究区已知矿化信息及地层构造格架,优选出铅锌成矿远景区4处,为普宜地区找矿潜力分析、成矿规律研究及地氟病预防治理提供科学依据。     

青海沟里园以地区地球化学测量信息提取与远景区划分

青海沟里园以地区位于东昆仑造山带的东段,根据水系沉积物地球化学测量信息提取发现多个矿床（点）,具有较好的找矿潜力。文章以沟里园以地区1：5万水系沉积物地球化学测量数据为研究对象,对数据剔值处理来确定元素异常下限并圈定单元素异常与组合异常,结合区内地质找矿特征对圈定的元素异常进行解释与推断。通过对元素地球化学特征、元素组合特征及单元素异常特征综合研究表明,Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu、Co等元素与成矿关系密切;提取出2个元素组合,确定套合性和相关性好的Ag-Bi-Pb-Zn与Cu-Co组合异常为预测对象;结合区内成矿地质条件,进一步圈定3个找矿远景区。     

综合找矿方法在黑龙江省黑河市五道沟地区的应用

五道沟地区位于黑龙江省贺根山—黑河构造结合带的北缘,多宝山至三道湾子成矿带的中部,该区域成矿潜力巨大,是寻找金铜多金属矿的有利地区。为在五道沟地区实现找矿突破开展了地质找矿工作,并以1∶1万土壤地球化学测量数据为基础,采用元素的变化系数、CV1和CV1/CV 2变化系数解释图对土壤地球化学测量的元素进行分析,揭示各元素在空间上的富集分布规律及其成矿潜力。在此基础上,结合区内成矿地质条件和物探异常特征对该区进行找矿预测。研究表明:①Cu、Ag、Zn、Mo、W等9种元素在研究区内成矿潜力较小;Au元素成矿潜力较大。②据物探激电中梯测量显示,在研究区内共圈定2处电阻率异常,其编号为ρs-1、ρs-2。③根据地质-物探-化探异常套合关系在区内圈定了1处找矿靶区,经过对1号靶区进行工程验证发现了3条金矿体,表明五道沟地区具有较好的找矿前景。     

黑龙江省木兰县六块地南土壤地球化学异常特征及成矿预测

黑龙江木兰县六块地南大地构造位置属于小兴安岭-张广才岭岩浆弧,成矿区带为伊春-延寿多金属成矿亚带的重要组成部分,成矿地质条件优越。为查明该区各成矿元素和矿(化)体的分布特征,实现找矿突破,开展了1：2万土壤地球化学测量及成矿预测工作。利用12种成矿元素进行相关性分析、聚类分析、因子分析、单元素异常分析和组合元素异常分析,圈定了元素异常区,优选了找矿靶区。结果表明,区内Au、As、Sb、Mo元素变异系数值高,成矿潜力较强;As、Sb元素的相关性较好,相关系数为0.73,R型聚类分析将成矿元素分为4类,因子分析将分析元素分为4组;结合区内成矿地质条件和土壤地球化学异常特征,共圈出单元素异常113处,组合异常3处;测区主攻矿种为Au和Zn, Au元素主要找矿靶区为Au-5和Au-7异常区,Zn元素主要找矿靶区为Zn-6异常区,As、Sb、Mo找矿前景非常好,可作为第一找矿目标元素。     

分形法圈定苏子沟地区水系沉积物化探异常及其找矿意义

苏子沟地区位于辽吉裂谷带内,成矿地质条件良好,具备找矿潜力。基于该地区1∶5万水系沉积物分析数据,采用多重分形法对区内Au、Pb元素地球化学异常进行研究。结果表明,研究区内Au、Pb元素异常下限均远大于该区岩石化学丰度值,高变异系数表明元素具有较强的富集趋势。经异常查证,分形法圈定的异常符合实际情况,并显示出元素的分布特征和富集趋势。通过对元素异常的圈定,初步判断区内存在金、铅矿体的可能性较大,为该地区进一步找矿指明了方向     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

Coprecipitation of Ti,Mo, Sn and Sb with fluorides and application to determination of B,Ti, Zr,Nb, Mo,Sn, Sb,Hf and Ta by ICP-MS

We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l^− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO₂.     

Roles of xenomelts,xenoliths, xenocrysts,xenovolatiles, residues,and skarns in the genesis,transport, and localization of magmatic Fe-Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides and chromite

Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.