基于Visual MODFLOW边界条件对绵阳市“三江·国际丽城”Ⅱ期基坑降水工程抽水量影响分析

绵阳市砂卵石地区以管井降水为主,基坑降水多采用解析解—大口井简化的方式进行降水设计,对距河流较近区,实际与计算结果偏差较大。本文基于降水工程监测数据资料,建立水文地质模型和地下水流数学模型,采用数值解方式分析边界条件对绵阳市"三江·国际丽城"Ⅱ期基坑降水工程影响,模型拟合度高,对河流边界的基坑降水工程,应考虑边界条件确定单井抽水量。     

天津中心城区基坑降水对地面沉降的影响范围研究

依托天津地区5个典型工程案例,对基坑降水引起的地面沉降规律进行了基本分析。由于基坑降水引起地面沉降的范围较远,往往能达到墙后5~10倍基坑开挖深度的距离,而实际基坑工程坑外沉降的测点往往布置在墙后1~4倍基坑开挖深度的距离,因此难以全面的获得不同类型基坑(如基坑深度不一)降水对地面沉降的影响范围。本文利用有限差分软件Modflow建立三维地下水渗流模型,并利用文化中心站的工程实测数据对该模型进行验证,最后利用该模型研究不同开挖深度的基坑(5~25m)降水对地面沉降的影响范围,并探讨5种不同止水帷幕截断方式的工况下坑内降水后坑外水位及地面沉降随时间发展关系。     

基于浅层地下水回灌的基坑工程沉降防治分析与计算

采用下负荷面剑桥模型,联合渗流方程,建立土-水完全耦合平衡方程计算模型,探讨浅层地下水人工回灌在基坑工程降水过程中抑制基坑周边地面沉降的作用,并以邻近上海地铁一号线的淮海中路3号地块基坑降水为例,对基坑工程实测沉降和回弹数据进行数值拟合,理论结果与实际数据吻合。本方法对基坑工程地下水回灌防止地面沉降有一定参考指导作用。     

利用Modflow预测某基坑降水引起的地面沉降

在掌握场区水文地质条件和抽水试验成果的基础上，通过利用Modflow对某基坑降水工程建立了较合理的渗流计算模型，并针对可能采用的基坑降水方案，模拟预测出基坑降水下的基坑内外地下水位变化，定量评估了基坑降水引起的附加地面沉降问题，为结构设计核算和施工应对措施提供了重要依据。     

基坑施工引发的工程性地面沉降研究

通过对基坑施工引发的工程性地面沉降进行影响因素分析,结合地质结构条件,划分了上海地区典型基坑模型,采用数值方法分析了不同基坑模型在不同围护结构变形模式和降水条件下引发地面沉降的基本规律,提出了不同类型基坑工程引发的地面沉降影响范围,并在基坑工程实例中得到了有效验证.     

基于临界水力梯度和沉降双控制的基坑降水优化模型研究

以广州新白云国际机场第二高速公路北段明挖暗埋式隧道K9+298-K9+650段基坑降水工程为例,建立了研究区地下水渗流三维数值模型,基于原设计降水方案的基坑内渗透变形和周围地表沉降的计算结果与实际监测结果基本吻合,基坑内局部发生了渗透变形破坏。为了控制水力梯度以保证基坑内不发生渗透变形,保证基坑周围地表沉降不大于地表沉降报警值,满足基坑降水工程要求和安全,提出了构建基于临界水力梯度和沉降双控制的基坑降水优化模型。基于优化模型对基坑降水方案进行优化,通过计算分析,优化方案不仅控制了渗透变形的发生,而且不会对基坑周围地表造成沉降灾害,表明提出的优化模型的合理性和科学性,对类似工程具有很好的借鉴意义。     

潜水泵深埋技术在某工程中的应用

以某工程采用潜埋技术进行基坑降水为例 ,介绍了潜埋技术在工程基坑降水的应用及效果 ,对采用潜埋技术进行基坑降水的应用条件和注意事项进行了讨论。     

多管降水法在电力线路工程基坑降水过程中的研究应用

以往榆林沙漠地区基坑降水采用先开挖后降水,容易出现基坑边坡塌方,降水难度大,费工费时,降水效果差,本工程基坑降水采用了多管降水法,从管井的沉设方法,PPR新材料的运用,井管的制作等方面,开发研究出小范围内基坑降水的新方法,降水效果好,可在具有相同水文地质条件的工程降水中应用。     

基坑工程降水渗流场特性分析

基于Biot固结理论和Terzaghi有效应力原理,采用有限元法对深基坑工程降水渗流场进行应力场与渗流场耦合的数值模拟。结合南京九华山隧道基坑工程降水实例,分析了基坑降水水位线的形状、流速分布及地表沉降规律;比较了降水井不同布置、井深对基坑渗流场及周围地表沉降的影响,其结果有助于进一步了解地下水与土体相互作用机理,并为基坑工程降水井的设计提供可靠的指导。     

基于武汉某基坑施工出现险情的分析

该基坑工程支护结构主要采用钻孔灌注桩+预应力锚索的支护体系,地下水处理采用中型井点降水。结合安全监测资料,对基坑施工中出现的险情以及施工降水对周边环境的影响进行分析。基坑施工过程中出现一些险情,通过工程参建各方的努力工作,施工中出现的险情得以化解,保证了基坑工程及周边环境的安全。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.