U–Pb and Re–Os Geochronology of the Tongcun Molybdenum Deposit and Zhilingtou Gold‐Silver Deposit in Zhejiang Province,Southeast China,and Its Geological Implications

Mesozoic ore deposits in Zhejiang Province, Southeast China, are divided into the northwestern and southeastern Zhejiang metallogenic belts along the Jiangshan–Shaoxing Fault. The metal ore deposits found in these belts are epithermal Au–Ag deposits, hydrothermal‐vein Ag–Pb–Zn deposits, porphyry–skarn Mo (Fe) deposits, and vein‐type Mo deposits. There is a close spatial–temporal relationship between the Mesozoic ore deposits and Mesozoic volcanic–intrusive complexes. Zircon U–Pb dating of the ore‐related intrusive rocks and molybdenite Re–Os dating from two typical deposits (Tongcun Mo deposit and Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit) in the two metallogenic belts show the early and late Yanshanian ages for mineralization. SIMS U–Pb data of zircons from the Tongcun Mo deposit and Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit indicate that the host granitoids crystallized at 169.7 ± 9.7 Ma (2σ) and 113.6 ± 1 Ma (2σ), respectively. Re–Os analysis of six molybdenite samples from the Tongcun Mo deposit yields an isochron age of 163.9 ± 1.9 Ma (2σ). Re–Os analyses of five molybdenite samples from the porphyry Mo orebodies of the Zhilingtou Au‐Ag deposit yield an isochron age of 110.1 ± 1.8 Ma (2σ). Our results suggest that the metal mineralization in the Zhejiang Province, southeast China formed during at least two stages, i.e., Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, coeval with the granitic magmatism.     

Timing of mineralization and deformation,Peak Au mine,Cobar, New South Wales∗

The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of alteration muscovite from the Peak Au mine in the Early Devonian Cobar Basin, New South Wales, has distinguished two major episodes of mineralization. Veined (Pb‐Zn‐Cu‐Au) mineralization was broadly synchronous with cleavage formation during the post‐inversion, shortening deformation of the basin sedimentary rocks, and replacive Ag‐Pb‐Zn mineralization significantly postdates the latter event. Veined base metals (Pb‐Zn‐Cu) and Au associated with silicification were coeval with three stages of cleavage formation (D₁, D₂ and D₃) after basin inversion. The Cu‐Au phase of mineralization at the Peak Au mine which was broadly contemporaneous with the culmination of the cleavage‐forming events (D₃) and with the local development of high‐strain zones occurred at 401.5 ± 1.0 Ma (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar on muscovite). This date is essentially coeval with known fossil constraints on the age of basin formation, and indicates that basin inversion and deformation rapidly followed sedimentation. In contrast, replacive Ag‐Pb‐Zn mineralization occurred at 384.0 ± 1.4 Ma (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar on muscovite) during an extended period of relaxation characterized by normal faulting (D₄) which followed the shortening deformation. This mineralization was associated with desilicification and chlorite‐muscovite replacement assemblages which cross‐cut the cleavages, and which may have been broadly contemporaneous with the deposition of part of the Mulga Downs Group which unconformably overlies the Cobar Supergroup. Rhyolite exposed in the core of the Peak Au mine largely contains inherited zircons that range in age from ～430–1500 Ma. A few euhedral zircons have an age of ～430 Ma and this is interpreted as a maximum date for the rock. Zircons from a syn‐D₃ chlorite‐muscovite replacement zone within the deposit have ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of ～410–650 Ma and are apparently inherited.     

Ages and Sources of Ore‐Related Porphyries at Yongping Cu–Mo Deposit in Jiangxi Province,Southeast China

Whole‐rock geochemistry, zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronology, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes analyses were performed on ore‐related dacite porphyry and quartz porphyry at the Yongping Cu–Mo deposit in Southeast China. The geochemical results show that these porphyry stocks have similar REE patterns, and primitive mantle‐normalized spectra show LILE‐enrichment (Ba, Rb, K) and HFSE (Th, Nb, Ta, Ti) depletion. The zircon SHRIMP U–Pb geochronologic results show that the ore‐related porphyries were emplaced at 162–156 Ma. Hydrothermal muscovite of the quartz porphyry yields a plateau age of 162.1 ± 1.4 Ma (2σ). Two hydrothermal biotite samples of the dacite porphyry show plateau ages of 164 ± 1.3 and 163.8 ± 1.3 Ma. Two molybdenite samples from quartz+molybdenite veins contained in the quartz porphyry yield Re–Os ages of 156.7 ± 2.8 Ma and 155.7 ± 3.6 Ma. The ages of molybdenite coeval to zircon and biotite and muscovite ages of the porphyries within the errors suggest that the Mo mineralization was genetically related to the magmatic emplacement. The whole rocks Nd–Sr isotopic data obtained from both the dacite and quartz porphyries suggest partial melting of the Meso‐Proterozoic crust in contribution to the magma process. The zircon Hf isotopic data also indicate the crustal component is the dominated during the magma generation.     

湖北银洞沟银矿床地质特征与成因类型

湖北银洞沟矿床是中国为数不多的较为典型的大型银矿床。文中系统总结了该矿床的地质特征,初步提出了矿床的成因类型。研究结果表明:银洞沟矿床产于秦岭造山带东南部武当群变质火山岩中,矿体受韧性剪切带控制,矿石类型主要为石英脉型和少量蚀变岩型,围岩蚀变矿物组合主要为石英、铁白云石、白云母、钠长石、绿泥石、黄铁矿等,成矿流体特征为低盐度、低密度、富含CO2±CH4±N2的水溶液,矿床上部为低品位银金矿体,中部为高品位银金矿体和少量铅锌矿体,深部银品位降低,金品位增高,同时出现较厚大铅锌矿体。其地质特征与典型的造山型矿床一致,表明其为一造山型银矿床,矿床矿化分带符合造山型矿床成矿模式——地壳连续模型,因此应该充分重视寻找矿山深部金、铅、锌、铜、钼等接替资源。     

青海省枪口南银多金属矿床地质特征、控矿因素及矿床成因

枪口南银多金属矿床地处东昆仑多金属成矿带东段,枪口—哈龙休玛海西-燕山期铁、银、铅、锌、铜、金、钼成矿亚带部分,成矿地质条件优越。枪口南银多金属矿区目前已圈定9条矿化带,21个矿体,主要矿种有金、银、铜、铅、锌、钼等,矿石类型主要为构造热液(脉)型铜铅锌银矿石、构造蚀变岩型金矿石。枪口南矿区构造-岩浆活动强烈,印支期—燕山期构造岩浆活动为矿区成矿提供了热源、成矿物质,区内NE向断裂控制区内金、铜、铅锌等矿体的产出,NW向断裂组控制着区内金、银矿(化)体。NW向断裂组,是区内重要控矿构造;区内中部发现的Ⅳ号含矿斑岩体,具有斑岩型矿床蚀变特征,显示其具有斑岩成矿条件。枪口南银多金属矿床成因有构造热液(脉)型、构造蚀变岩型和斑岩型。     

Timing and Processes of Ore Formation in the Qingchengzi Polymetallic Orefield, Northeast China: Evidence from 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology

The Qingchengzi orefield is a large polymetallic ore concentration area in the Liaodong peninsula,northeastern China,that includes twelve Pb-Zn deposits and five Au-Ag deposits along its periphery.The ore-forming age remains much disputed,which prevents the identification of the relationship between the mineralization and the associated magmatism.In this paper,we quantitatively present the feasibility of making ore mineral ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar dating and report reliable ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar ages of lamprophyre groundmass,K-feldspar and sphalerite from the Zhenzigou deposit.Direct and indirect methods are applied to constrain the timing of mineralization,which plays a vital role in discussing the contribution of multistage magmatism to ore formation.The low-potassium sphalerite yielded an inverse isochron age of 232.8±41.5 Ma,which features a relatively large uncertainty.Two lamprophyre groundmasses got reliable inverse isochron ages of 193.2±1.3 Ma and 152.3±1.5 Ma,respectively.K-feldspar yielded a precise inverse isochron age of 134.9±0.9 Ma.These four ages indicate that the mineralization is closely associated with Mesozoic magmatism.Consequently,regarding the cooling age of the earliest Mesozoic Shuangdinggou intrusion(224.2±1.2 Ma)as the initial time of mineralization,we can further constrain the age of the sphalerite to 224–191 Ma.These new and existing geochronological data,combined with the interaction cutting or symbiotic relationship between the lamprophyre veins and ore veins,suggest that the Pb-Zn-Au-Ag mineralization in the Qingchengzi orefield mainly occurred during three periods:the late Triassic(ca.224–193 Ma),the late Jurassic(ca.167–152 Ma)and the early Cretaceous(ca.138–134 Ma).This polymetallic deposits are shown to have been formed during multiple events coinciding with periods of the Mesozoic magmatic activity.In contrast,the Proterozoic magmatism and submarine exhalative and hydrothermal sedimentation in the Liaolaomo paleorift served mainly to transport and concentrate the ore-forming substances at the Liaohe Group with no associated Pb-Zn-Au-Ag mineralization.     

江西银山多金属矿床伊利石的形成与流体成矿作用的初步研究

江西银山多金属矿床的热液蚀变粘土矿物主要由伊利石组成,伊利石主要由流体作用过程中长石的伊利石化形成,其结晶度与成矿流体作用密切相关.银山第1期铅锌银成矿作用,水/岩比相对较低,成矿流体以孔隙渗透为主,溶质迁移慢,形成含有少量膨胀层的伊利石;第2期铜金成矿作用,水/岩比相对较高,流体的运移方式以通道式或裂隙式为主,溶质迁移的速度快,形成不含膨胀层的伊利石.研究表明成矿作用过程中的伊利石化主要与铅锌银矿化有关,而绿泥石化与铜金矿化有关.     

江西银山铅锌铜矿化机制的讨论

本文分析了银山矿区所处的火山盆地边缘这一特定地质构造环境,火山活动的多阶段性以及蚀变矿化的基本特征,指出在银山发生过两期矿化作用,分别对应于两个阶段的火山-次火山活动。第一阶段的流纹英安质次火山活动产生铅锌银矿化,第二阶段英安质次火山活动则伴随铜(铅锌)矿化。因此,作者认为银山铅锌铜矿床是典型的次火山热液矿床,是两期矿化叠加的结果,从而对前人关于银山矿的成因模式和归类提出了异议。本文还对银山矿与德兴斑岩铜(钼)矿田的成因联系问题提出了独特的看法,并指出了银山式铅锌(铜)矿化的找矿方向。     

鄂西北竹山银洞沟银金矿床构造控矿特征

银洞沟银金矿床位于扬子地台北缘武当推覆体西部,产于武当群变火山岩组与变沉积岩组间的顺层型韧性剪切带中,与构造变形密切相关。晋宁期的伸展作用产生了顺层型韧性剪切带,韧性变形变质作用促使原岩中银金等贵金属、多金属元素活化迁移,随剪切变形变质热液在强应变带中沉淀,形成初始矿源层。印支期的陆陆碰撞作用,促成不同层次面型剪切带岩石褶皱、韧脆性推覆,成矿元素从初始矿源层中再次活化、运移,随着沿褶皱轴面劈理发育的烟灰色糜棱岩化石英脉的形成,沉淀富集于石英脉中,形成银金矿床。脆性变形的叠加,使含矿石英脉产生扭动,促使成矿元素的局部富集,形成透镜状或板状矿体。成矿元素的垂直分带是由构造环境的变化导致成矿元素的叠生作用而形成的。多硅白云母及白云母年龄的测定表明该矿床的成矿期为印支期。     

Ar–Ar Ages of Hydrothermal Muscovite and Igneous Biotite at the Guposhan–Huashan District,Northeast Guangxi,South China: Implications for Mesozoic W–Sn Mineralization

The Guposhan–Huashan district is an important W–Sn–Sb–Zn–(Cu) metallogenic area in South China. It is located in the middle‐west segment of the Nanling Range. Granitoids in the Guposhan–Huashan district possess certain properties of A‐type or I‐type granites. The W–Sn–Sb–Zn mineralization in the district is closely associated with magma emplacement. Two igneous biotite and seven hydrothermal muscovite samples from skarn, veins and greisenization ores were analyzed by Ar–Ar methods. Two igneous biotite samples from fine‐grained quartz monzodiorite and fine‐grained biotite granite show plateau ages of 168.7 ± 1.9 Ma and 165.0 ± 1.1 Ma, respectively. Seven hydrothermal muscovite samples from ores yield plateau ages as two groups: 165 Ma to 160 Ma and 104 Ma to 100 Ma. These data suggest that the emplacement of fine‐grained granitoids in this district is coeval with the main phase magma emplacement, different from previous studies. The W–Sn–Sb–Zn mineralization took place in two stages, i.e. the Middle–Late Jurassic and early Cretaceous. W–Sn mineralization in the Guposhan–Huashan district is closely related to the magmatism, which was strongly influenced by underplating of asthenospheric mantle along trans‐lithospheric deep faults and related fractures.     

Isotopes and Geochronology of the Meixian-type Pb-Zn-(Ag)Deposits,Central Fujian Rift,South China:Implications for Geological Events

Central Fujian Rift is another new and important volcanogenic massive sulfide Pb-Zn polymetallic metallogenetic belt. In order to find out the material genesis and mineralization period of Meixian-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposits, S and Pb isotope analysis and isotope geochronology of ores and wall rocks for five major deposits are discussed. It is concluded that the composition of sulfur isotope from sulfide ore vary slightly in different deposits and the mean value is close to zero with the 834S ranging from -3.5‰ to ＋5.6‰ averaging at ＋2.0‰, which indicates that the sulfur might originate from magma or possibly erupted directly from volcano or was leached from ore-hosted volcanic rock. The lead from ores in most deposits displays radioactive genesis character （206pb/204pb〉18.140, 207Pb/204pb〉15.584, 208pb/204pb〉38.569） and lead isotope values of ores are higher than those of wall rocks, which indicates that the lead was likely leached from the ore-hosted volcanic rocks. Based on isotope data, two significant Pb-Zn metallogenesis are delineated, which are Mid- and Late-Proterozoic sedimentary exhalative metailogenesis （The single zircon U-Pb, Sm-Nd isochronal and Ar-Ar dating ages of ore- hosted wall rocks are calculated to be among 933-1788 Ma.） and Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal superimposed and alternated metallogenesis （intrusive SHRIMP zircon U-Pb and Rb-Sr isochronal ages between 127-154 Ma）.     

大兴安岭南段维拉斯托锡多金属矿床LA-ICP-MS锡石和锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

维拉斯托锡多金属矿床位于大兴安岭南段西坡的内蒙古克什克腾旗,是近年来发现的一个以锡为主,共伴生钨、锌、铜、钼、铷、铌和钽的大型矿床。矿化类型包括深部以锡为主,伴生锌、铷、铌和钽的蚀变花岗岩型矿体;中部以锡为主,伴生铜和锌的隐爆角砾岩型矿体及浅部锡、钨、锌、铜和钼的石英大脉型和网脉型矿体。该矿床的主要工业矿体为石英脉型,呈北北东向产于古元古界宝音图群和华力西期石英闪长岩中的断裂破碎带内,而蚀变花岗岩型和隐爆角砾岩型矿石的品位较低。文中选取1件石英脉型锡矿体中的锡石样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锡石U-Pb定年,获得锡石的206Pb/207Pb238U/207Pb等时线年龄为(136.0±6.1) Ma(MSWD=0.94),207Pb/206Pb238U/206Pb谐和年龄为(132.3±5.4) Ma(MSWD=2.8),表明维拉斯托锡多金属矿床形成于早白垩世;选取1件与成矿相关的北大山岩体花岗岩样品开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得206Pb/238U年龄为(140±2) Ma(MSWD=0.10),表明成矿岩体亦形成于早白垩世。维拉斯托锡多金属矿床属于与花岗岩有关的岩浆热液型矿床。通过统计大兴安岭南段主要锡多金属矿床的成矿年龄和成矿岩体的年龄,发现几乎所有的锡多金属矿床均形成于140～135 Ma期间,表明早白垩世是大兴安岭南段锡多金属矿床成矿高峰期。     

Age and Tectonic Setting of Mesothermal Magmatic Hydrothermal Vein‐Type Pb–Zn–(Ag) Mineralization in the Xiaohongshilazi Deposit,Central Jilin Province,Northeast China

The Xiaohongshilazi deposit located in central Jilin Province, Northeast China, is a newly discovered and medium‐scale Pb–Zn–(Ag) deposit with ore reserves of 34,968 t Pb, 100,150 t Zn, and 158 t Ag. Two‐stage mineralization has been identified in this deposit. Stratiform volcanic‐associated massive sulfide (VMS) Pb–Zn mineralization interbedding with the marine volcanic rocks of the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian Daheshen Formation was controlled by the premineralization E–W‐trending faults. Vein‐type Pb–Zn–(Ag) mineralization occurs within or parallel to the granodiorite and diorite porphyries controlled by the major‐mineralization N–S‐trending faults that cut the stratiform mineralization and volcanic rocks. To constrain the age of vein‐type Pb–Zn–(Ag) mineralization and determine the relationship between mineralization and magmatism, we conducted LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating on zircon from the ore‐bearing granodiorite and diorite porphyries and Rb–Sr dating on metal sulfide. Granodiorite and diorite porphyries yield zircon U–Pb weighted‐mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 203.6 ± 1.8 Ma (Mean Standard Weighted Deviation [MSWD] = 1.8) and 225.6 ± 5.1 Ma (MSWD = 2.3), respectively. Sulfides from four vein‐type ore samples yield a Rb–Sr isochron age of 195 ± 17 Ma (MSWD = 4.0). These results indicate a temporal relationship between the granodiorite porphyry and vein‐type Pb–Zn–(Ag) mineralization. The granodiorite associated with vein‐type mineralization has high SiO₂ (68.99–70.49 wt.%) and Na₂O (3.9–4.2 wt.%; Na₂O/K₂O = 1.07–1.10) concentrations, and A/CNK values of 0.95–1.04; consequently, the intrusion is classified as a high‐K, calc‐alkaline, metaluminous I‐type granite. The granodiorite porphyry is enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements (e.g. Rb, Th, U, and K) and light REE and is depleted in high‐field‐strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ta, P, and Ti) and heavy REE, indicating that it represents a subduction‐related rock that formed at an active continental margin. Furthermore, the granodiorite porphyry has Mg# values of 31–34, indicating a lower crustal source. Based on petrological and geochemical features, we infer that the ore‐bearing granodiorite porphyry was derived from the partial melting of the lower crust. In summary, mineralization characteristics, cross‐cutting relationships, geochronological data, and regional tectonic evolution indicate that the region was the site of VMS Pb–Zn mineralization that produced stratiform orebodies within the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian marine volcanic rocks of the Daheshen Formation, followed by mesothermal magmatic hydrothermal vein‐type Pb–Zn–(Ag) mineralization associated with granodiorite porphyry induced by the initial subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasia Plate during the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic.     

额尔古纳地区有色、贵金属成矿特征

额尔古纳地区是一个重要的有色、贵金属成矿省.区内金、银、铅、锌、铜等矿产具明显分带性,可划分为耳布尔、上护林及恩和3个成矿小区,分别以银铅锌、铜多金属、金为主.该区在J₃-K₁时期发生了强烈的构造-岩浆活动,这些矿产在成因上均与J₃-K₁时期酸性岩浆侵入作用密切相关,成矿热液主要来源于岩浆热液.矿体主要受次级张性裂隙控制,以NW向为主.成矿时代主要为J₃-K₁.     

Study of late-Mesozoic magmatic rocks and their related copper-gold-polymetallic deposits in the Guichi ore-cluster district,Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt,East China

ABSTRACT

The Guichi ore-cluster district in the Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt hosts extensive Cu–Au–Mo polymetallic deposits including the Tongshan Cu–Mo, Paodaoling Au, Matou Cu–Mo, Anzishan Cu–Mo, Guilinzheng Mo and Zhaceqiao Au deposits, mostly associated with the late Mesozoic magmatic rocks, which has been drawn to attention of study and exploration. However, the metallogenic relationship between magmatic rocks and the Cu–Au-polymetallic deposits is not well constrained. In this study, we report new zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopic, and geochemical data for the ore-bearing intrusions of Guichi region. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb ages for the Anzishan quartz diorite porphyrite is 143.9 ± 1.0 Ma. Integrated with previous geochronological data, these late Mesozoic magmatic rocks can be subdivided into two stages of magmatic activities. The first stage (150–132 Ma) is characterized by high-K calc-alkaline intrusions closely associated with Cu–Au polymetallic ore deposits. Whereas, the second stage (130–125 Ma) produced granites and syenites and is mainly characterized by shoshonite series that are related to Mo–Cu mineralization. The first stage of magmatic rocks is considered to be formed by partial melting of subducted Palaeo-Pacific Plate, assimilated with Yangtze lower crust and remelting Meso-Neoproterozoic crust/sediments. The second stage of magmatism is originated from partial melting of Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic crust, mixed with juvenile crustal materials. The depression cross to the uplift zone of the Jiangnan Ancient Continent forms a gradual transition relation, and the hydrothermal mineralization composite with two stages have certain characteristics along the regional fault (Gaotan Fault). Guichi region results from two episodes of magmatism probably related to tectonic transition from subduction of Palaeo-Pacific Plate to back-arc extensional setting between 150 and 125 Ma, which lead to the Mesozoic large-scale polymetallic mineralization events in southeast China.     

招远大尹格庄金矿床微量元素特征及其意义

该文以山东招远大尹格庄金矿床中微量元素为研究对象,通过对矿床围岩、矿石等微量元素的研究,表明大尹格庄金矿围岩中微量元素以富含 Bi,Au,Pb,W,Ag,Sn 为特点,矿体和矿化体中元素组合为 Au,Ag,As,Sb,Hg,B, Cu,Zn,Bi,Mo,Mn,Co,Ni,W。在5个成矿阶段中,第二阶段与第三阶段微量元素的富集程度较明显,表现为 Au, Ag,As,Co,Bi,Cu,Pb,Zn 等的富集,成矿元素可分为2个分带序列,主成矿元素为 Au Ag Cu Pb Zn Bi 组合、头晕元素 As Sb Hg 组合和尾晕元素 Co Ni 组合。     

豫西银家沟硫铁多金属矿床Re-Os和40Ar-39Ar年龄及其地质意义

河南省银家沟硫铁多金属矿床位于华北克拉通南缘的华熊地块内,是东秦岭地区最大的硫铁多金属矿床,以其硫铁矿储量大及共、伴生元素复杂区别于东秦岭其他以钼为主的矿床.矿化在空间上呈规律性的带状分布,从岩体内向外,依次出现斑岩型钼矿体→斑岩型硫铁矿体→矽卡岩型铁矿体、钼矿体→矽卡岩型硫铁、铜、锌、金矿体→脉型铅、锌、银矿体.选取5件接触带矽卡岩型钼矿体中的辉钼矿样品进行Re-Os同位素定年,获得(142.9±2.1) Ma～(143.7±2.3) Ma的模式年龄,加权平均值为(143.4±0.9) Ma(MSWD=0.071),等时线年龄为(140.0±18.0) Ma(2σ,MSWD=0.095),将(143.4±0.9) Ma认作辉钼矿的结晶年龄,表明银家沟矿床矽卡岩型矿体形成于约143 Ma前;选取1件硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化、辉钼矿化钾长花岗斑岩中的绢云母样品定年,获得40Ar-39Ar坪年龄为(143.6±1.4) Ma,相应的39 Ar/36 Ar-40 Ar/39Ar等时线年龄为(143.0±2.0) Ma(MSWD=0.13),将(143.0±2.0)Ma认作绢云母的Ar封闭年龄,表明银家沟矿床斑岩型矿化亦发生在约143Ma前.本次辉钼矿Re-Os和绢云母40Ar-39A定年结果表明,银家沟矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体均形成于早白垩世初期.银家沟矿床辉钼矿的ω(Re)在38.5×10-6～43.2×10-6之间,成矿物质主要来自由火成物质组成的宽坪群和二郎坪群,成矿与矿区内的钾长花岗斑岩有关.结合前人对东秦岭造山带中生代期间地球动力学背景的研究成果,笔者认为银家沟矿床形成于EW向构造体制向NNE向构造体制大转换阶段,即形成于挤压体制向伸展体制转换的背景.     

Two periods of mineralization in Xiaoxinancha Au–Cu deposit,NE China: evidences from the geology and geochronology

The Xiaoxinancha Au–Cu deposit is located at the eastern segment of the Tianshan–Xingmeng orogenic belt in northeast China. The deposit includes porphyry Au–Cu orebodies, veined Au–Cu orebodies and veined Mo mineralizations. All of them occur within the diorite intrusion. The Late Permian diorite, Late Triassic granodiorite, Early Cretaceous granite and granite porphyry are developed in the ore area. The studies on geological features show that the porphyry Au–Cu mineralization is related to the Late Permian diorite intrusion. New geochronologic data for the Xiaoxinancha porphyry Au–Cu deposit yield Permian crystallization zircon U–Pb age of 257 ± 3 Ma for the diorite that hosts the Au–Cu mineralization. Six molybdenite samples from quartz + molybdenite veins imposed on the porphyry Au–Cu orebodies yield an isochron age of 110.3 ± 1.5 Ma. The ages of the molybdenites coeval to zircon ages of the granite within the errors suggest that the Mo mineralization was genetically related to the Early Cretaceous granite intrusion. The formation of the diorite and the related Au–Cu mineralization were caused by the partial melting of the subduction slab during the Late Palaeozoic palaeo‐Asia Ocean tectonic stage. The Re contents and Re–Os isotopic data indicate that the crustal resource is dominated for the Mo mineralization during the Cretaceous extensional setting caused by the roll‐back of the palaeo‐Pacific plate. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青海省巴硬格莉沟地区花岗岩的地质特征及其成矿意义

青海省中部巴硬格莉沟地区的成矿作用受北西向的哇洪山—温泉构造岩浆岩带控制。区内广泛出露的印支燕山期花岗岩以及在断裂带附近矿化异常的地质特征表明 :印支—燕山期构造岩浆活动是巴硬格莉沟地区Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag等多金属矿成矿的主导因素 ,在哇洪山—温泉构造岩浆岩带 ,NS向、EW向的复合构造控制了本区内矿体和矿脉的展布。对区内花岗岩的地球化学特征研究表明 ,巴硬格莉沟地区中酸性岩类属于改造型的花岗岩类 ,花岗岩的K -Ar同位素年龄为印支期 ,且与矿石的Pb同位素年龄相近 ,说明巴硬格莉沟成矿时期与成岩年龄接近 ;并且推测成矿元素与花岗岩应来自同一源区。局部破碎变质带内花岗岩类中Cu、Pb、Zn成矿元素含量的相关性说明多金属成矿元素来自同一围岩 ,总体显示成矿不但严格受构造控制 ,而且成矿后期改造对它的叠加作用也十分显著。巴硬格莉沟地区加里东期以后的构造岩浆活动主要聚集了以碱质中酸性岩为主的花岗岩类 ,致使Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag为主的成矿元素分异并且重新富集。在北西向碱质酸性岩石系列附近遗留了规模大且同方向展布的断裂系列 ,在不同的构造部位多处出现成矿异常分别显示该区可能存在隐伏矿体。     

Base and precious metal mineralization in Middle Jurassic rocks of the Lesser Caucasus: A review of geology and metallogeny and new data from the Kapan,Alaverdi and Mehmana districts

The polymetallic Cu–Au–Ag–Zn ± Pb, Cu–Au and Cu deposits in the Kapan, Alaverdi and Mehmana mining districts of Armenia and the Nagorno–Karabakh region form part of the Tethyan belt. They are hosted by Middle Jurassic rocks of the Lesser Caucasus paleo-island arc, which can be divided into the Kapan Zone and the Somkheto–Karabakh Island Arc. Mineralization in Middle Jurassic rocks of this paleo-island arc domain formed during the first of three recognized Mesozoic to Cenozoic metallogenic epochs. The Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous metallogenic epoch comprises porphyry Cu, skarn and epithermal deposits related to Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous intrusions. The second and third metallogenic epochs of the Lesser Caucasus are represented by Late Cretaceous volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits with transitional features towards epithermal mineralization and by Eocene to Miocene world-class porphyry Mo–Cu and epithermal precious metal deposits, respectively.The ore deposits in the Kapan, Alaverdi and Mehmana mining districts are poorly understood and previous researchers named them as copper–pyrite, Cu–Au or polymetallic deposits. Different genetic origins were proposed for their formation, including VMS and porphyry-related scenarios. The ore deposits in the Kapan, Alaverdi and Mehmana mining districts are characterized by diverse mineralization styles, which include polymetallic veins, massive stratiform replacement ore bodies at lithological contacts, and stockwork style mineralization. Sericitic, argillic and advanced argillic alteration assemblages are widespread in the deposits which have intermediate to high-sulfidation state mineral parageneses that consist of tennantite–tetrahedrite plus chalcopyrite and enargite–luzonite–colusite, respectively. The ore deposits are spatially associated with differentiated calc-alkaline intrusions and pebble dykes are widespread. Published δ³⁴S values for sulfides and sulfates are in agreement with a magmatic source for the bulk sulfur whereas published δ³⁴S values of sulfate minerals partly overlap with the isotopic composition of contemporaneous seawater. Published mineralization ages demonstrate discrete ore forming pulses from Middle Jurassic to the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous boundary, indicating time gaps of 5 to 20 m.y. in between the partly subaqueous deposition of the host rocks and the epigenetic mineralization.Most of the described characteristics indicate an intrusion-related origin for the ore deposits in Middle Jurassic rocks of the Lesser Caucasus, whereas a hybrid VMS–epithermal–porphyry scenario might apply for deposits with both VMS- and intrusion-related features.The volcanic Middle Jurassic host rocks for mineralization and Middle to Late Jurassic intrusive rocks from the Somkheto–Karabakh Island Arc and the Kapan Zone show typical subduction-related calc-alkaline signature. They are enriched in LILE such as K, Rb and Ba and show negative anomalies in HFSE such as Nb and Ta. The ubiquitous presence of amphibole in Middle Jurassic volcanic rocks reflects magmas with high water contents. Flat REE patterns ([La/Yb]_N = 0.89–1.23) indicate a depleted mantle source, and concave-upward (listric-shaped) MREE–HREE patterns ([Dy/Yb]_N = 0.75–1.21) suggest melting from a shallow mantle reservoir. Similar trace element patterns of Middle Jurassic rocks from the Somkheto–Karabakh Island Arc and the Kapan Zone indicate that these two tectonic units form part of one discontinuous segmented arc. Similar petrogenetic and ore-forming processes operated along its axis and Middle Jurassic volcanic and volcanosedimentary rocks constitute the preferential host for polymetallic Cu–Au–Ag–Zn ± Pb, Cu–Au and Cu mineralization, both in the Somkheto–Karabakh Island Arc and the Kapan Zone.