一个土墩日珥的D3线光谱分析Ⅱ-活动边缘和土墩日珥的物理特性

根据 1 984年 5月 5日土墩日珥D3线的拟合结果 ,本文分析了该土墩日珥的物理特性。结果发现 ,形成活动边缘的物质呈间歇性抛射 ,抛射物质的密度、温度在观测前期有显著变化 ,湍流速度异常之大 ,达 30km/s。土墩日珥的物理特性较一般 ,其D3线可用微观湍流 3～ 8km/s和低温 50 0 0～ 80 0 0K解释。     

一个土墩日珥的D3线光谱分析Ⅰ-D3线特征及其计算

198 4年 5月 5日太阳东边缘土墩日珥的Hα单色像和D3线被观测到了。D3发射线由两部分组成 :主成分和致宽成分。本文利用双层模型方法对该土墩日珥的 1 7条D3发射线成功地进行了计算 ,给出了D3线的计算结果。计算结果表明 :日珥的D3发射线主要由热的多普勒致宽和微观湍流致宽所致 ,其它致宽机制的作用可以忽略     

Prominence fine structure

The vertical fine structure in a quiescent prominence was modelled as an assembly of very narrow, optically thin threads. Random clusterings of the threads can account for the observed contrast and H line profiles of the fine structures. In this picture, each structure consists of a cluster of 7–20 elementary threads.Operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation.NAS/NRC Research Associate, on leave from Institut d'Astrophysique, CNRS, Paris, France.     

Estimation of Solar Prominence Magnetic Fields Based on the Reconstructed 3D Trajectories of Prominence Knots

We present an estimation of the lower limits of local magnetic field strengths in quiescent, activated, and active (surges) prominences, based on reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) trajectories of individual prominence knots. The 3D trajectories, velocities, tangential and centripetal accelerations of the knots were reconstructed using observational data collected with a single ground-based telescope equipped with a Multi-channel Subtractive Double Pass imaging spectrograph. Lower limits of magnetic fields channeling observed plasma flows were estimated under assumption of the equipartition principle. Assuming approximate electron densities of the plasma n _e=5×10¹¹?cm^?3 in surges and n _e=5×10¹⁰?cm^?3 in quiescent/activated prominences, we found that the magnetic fields channeling two observed surges range from 16 to 40?Gauss, while in quiescent and activated prominences they were less than 10?Gauss. Our results are consistent with previous detections of weak local magnetic fields in the solar prominences.     

一个拱桥状爆发日珥

1991年3月7日在太阳东北边缘产生了一个爆发日珥。它产生在没有耀斑、暗条、黑子等其它太阳活动现象的一个相对宁静的日面区域。日珥抛射的最大高度为6.97×104km,最大长度为11.6×104km,从形态的大小来看它属于中等偏小的爆发日珥。抛射的时间过程,上升阶段非常快,而下降阶段则较缓慢,有类似于耀斑爆发的时间过程。日珥爆发后的绝大部分物质基本上在磁场作用下沿磁力线作抛物线运动形成拱桥形状,并保持到消失。日珥下降前后,顶端有少部分物质被抛射脱离日珥主体部分,扩散到行星际空间。     

Soho Contribution to Prominence Science

We present the main current issues concerning prominence studies. We recall the large range of plasma parameters found in prominences which makes the work of the MHD modeler more difficult. We also summarize the capabilities of the SOHO instrumentation. We present and discuss the most recent SOHO results concerning the determination of temperature, densities, and velocities. We put some emphasis on the different morphologies observed, the diagnostic capabilities of the Lyman lines profiles when accompanied by improved non-LTE modeling, and the information gathered from the first prominence oscillations measured from space. We also make an account of eruptive prominences. We finally discuss what could be done with present and future SOHO data to improve our understanding of prominences.     

一个拱桥状爆发日珥的运动情况

分析了1991年3月7日太阳东北边缘一个拱桥状爆发日珥上升、下降和半径膨胀的运动情况。该日珥的上升阶段和下降的开始阶段高度随时间的变化比较迅速,而且基本是线性的变化,但在下降的结束阶段则比较缓慢,也基本是线性的变化。它的下降运动不仅受到重力作用自由下落,而且还受到不均匀的大气阻力,磁场等力的共同作用而下落。而速度,喷射出以后总的在逐渐减弱,上升阶段减弱较快。下降阶段初期有一次跳跃式的变化,先迅速减弱,然后又很快增加,在下降后期速度减弱较慢。日珥到达最大高度的时间比日珥半径膨胀到达最大尺度的时间早4min左右。上升下降速度最大时半径膨胀速度最小,而上升下降速度最小时半径膨胀的速度最大。     

Non-Axisymmetric Oscillations of Thin Prominence Fibrils

We study non-axisymmetric oscillations of thin prominence fibrils. A fibril is modeled by a straight thin magnetic tube with the ends frozen in dense plasmas. The density inside and outside the tube varies only along the tube and it is discontinuous at the tube boundary. Making a viable assumption that the tube radius is much smaller than its length, we show that the squares of the frequencies of non-axisymmetric tube oscillations are given by the eigenvalues of the Sturm–Liouville problem for a second-order ordinary differential equation on a finite interval with the zero boundary conditions. For an equilibrium density that is constant outside the tube and piecewise constant inside we derived a simple dispersion equation determining the frequencies of non-axisymmetric oscillations. We carry out a parametric study of this equation both analytically and numerically, restricting our analysis to the first even mode and the first odd mode. In particular, we obtained a criterion that allows to find out if each of these modes is a normal or leaky mode.     

Line-of-Sight Velocity Fluctuations of a Quiescent Prominence

Series of H spectra and slit-jaw H filtergrams of a quiescent prominence taken at Pic du Midi Observatory on 7 November 1977 are studied. The observations have been digitized by means of an automated Joyce Loebl microdensitometer. The image processing of the H filtergrams reveals an internal structure of the prominence consisting of several arches. Series of high-resolution H spectra obtained with the slit position located on a selected part of one of the prominence arches have been chosen for Doppler-shift analysis. The obtained time series of the line-of-sight velocity reveal large velocity variations near the periphery of the arch and a strong dependence of the velocity (in sign and magnitude) on the position along the slit. The prominence arch shows also cyclic displacements along the line-of-sight direction implying Alfvén string-mode oscillations.     

Eruptive Solar Prominence at 37 GHz

On 27 June 2012, an eruptive solar prominence was observed in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and radio wavebands. At the Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory (MRO) it was observed at 37 GHz. It was the first time that the MRO followed a radio prominence with dense sampling in the millimetre wavelengths. This prompted us to study the connection of the 37 GHz event with other wavelength domains. At 37 GHz, the prominence was tracked to a height of around \(1.6~\mathrm{R}_{\odot}\), at which the loop structure collapsed. The average velocity of the radio prominence was \(55 \pm 6~\mbox{km}\,\mbox{s}^{-1}\). The brightness temperature of the prominence varied between \(800 \pm 100\) K and \(3200 \pm 100\) K. We compared our data with the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument’s 304 Å EUV data, and found that the prominence behaves very similarly in both wavelengths. The EUV data also reveal flaring activity nearby the prominence. We present a scenario in which this flare works as a trigger that causes the prominence to move from a stable stage to an acceleration stage.     

Equilibrium and Stability of Prominence Flux Ropes

Realistic models of solar prominence flux ropes are numerically constructed. The models are in 2.5 dimensions, including the effects of non-isothermal temperature, density and gravity, and pressure. Stability of the equilibria to pressure- and gravity-driven instabilities is numerically investigated, using the ballooning formalism of fusion plasma theory. The equilibrium models can become unstable to pressure- and gravity-driven modes at plasma parameters characteristic of prominences.     

Multi-Wavelength Eclipse Observations of a Quiescent Prominence

We construct the maps of temperatures, geometrical thicknesses, electron densities and gas pressures in a quiescent prominence. For this we use the RGB signal of the prominence visible-light emission detected during the total solar eclipse of 1 August 2008 in Mongolia and quasi-simultaneous Hα spectra taken at Ond?ejov Observatory. The method of disentangling the electron density and geometrical (effective) thickness was described by Jej?i? and Heinzel (Solar Phys. 254, 89?–?100, 2009) and is used here for the first time to analyse the spatial variations of prominence parameters. For the studied prominence we obtained the following range of parameters: temperature 6000?–?15?000 K, effective thickness 200?–?15000 km, electron density 5×10⁹?–?10¹¹ cm^?3 and gas pressure 0.02?–?0.2 dyn?cm^?2 (assuming a fixed ionisation degree n _p/n _H=0.5). The electron density increases towards the bottom of the prominence, which we explain by an enhanced photoionisation due to the incident solar radiation. To confirm this, we construct a two-dimensional radiative-transfer model with realistic prominence illumination.     

Prominence eruption accompanied by twist readjustment

In this note we discuss observations of two eruptive prominences. We find evidence for twisting motions in the early stages of the eruption. This twisting may be caused by a mechanism recently discussed by Parker (1974) and by Jockers (1976) wherein a magnetic flux tube, part of which has expanded because of reduction of external pressure, readjusts the magnetic torque along its axis.     

Alternating Twist Along an Erupting Prominence

Triangulation measurements using observations from the two Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) spacecraft, combined with observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), are used to characterize the behavior of a prominence involved in two successive coronal mass ejections 6?–?7 December 2010. The STEREO separation at the time was 171.6^°, which was functionally equivalent to a separation of 8.4^°, and thus very favorable for feature co-identification above the limb. The first eruption at ≈?14:16 UT on 6 December of the middle branch of the prominence starts off a series of magnetic reconfigurations in the right branch, which itself erupts at ≈?2:06 UT the next day, about 12 hours after the first eruption. The cool prominence material seen at 304?Å drains back down to the surface, but a flux-rope-like magnetic structure is seen to erupt in both 195?Å by the STEREO/Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUVI), and in white light by the STEREO/COR1 inner coronagraph. In between the two eruptions, two different signs of helicity are seen in the measured twist of the right branch. This is interpreted to be caused by the overall prominence channel being composed of different segments with alternating helicity signs. The erupting parts on 6 and 7 December both show positive twist, but negative twist is seen in between these positive sections. Negative twist is consistent with the dextral chirality signs seen in the He ii line at 304?Å prior to both eruptions. However, during the period between the eruptions, a region of positive twist grows and replaces the region of negative twist, and finally erupts. We interpret these observations in the light of models that predict that helicity cancellation can be an important factor in the triggering of flares and coronal mass ejections.     

Prominence fine structure II: Diagnostics

A random-clustering model of prominence fine-structure has been applied to observations of prominence H spectra. The model yields an estimate of the number of unresolved elements that form an individual resolved feature, and sets limits on their velocity and H profile dispersions.     

Axially-symmetric Velocities in the 15 May 2000 Eruptive Prominence

Large Doppler velocities with unique, almost regular elliptical features were observed in the H spectra of the May 15, 2000 eruptive prominence. These features were interpreted in the frame of axially symmetric models of the eruptive prominence. The rotational (7–60 km s^–1), expansion (30–44 km s^–1), axial (3–19 km s^–1), and global (66–160 km s^–1) prominence plasma velocities were derived. The plasma velocity patterns were compared with the observed helical structures of the H prominence. The velocities of selected H blobs in the image plane were determined. The axially symmetric detwisting process of the magnetic flux rope of the eruptive prominence was recognized.     

Prominence activity during the ascending phase of solar cycle 22

Longitude-latitude and time-latitude distributions of the number and area of prominences observed at Lomnický Stit coronal station in the years 1986–1990 are studied using the method of contour maps construction with different degree of smoothing. Special attention is paid to the bifurcation in the prominence distribution. Comparison with the ascending phase of solar cycle 21 is made.     

Prominence mass ejections and their effects on the corona

Skylab soft X-ray observations of two lower coronal limb events and corresponding H observations (Skylab and ground-based) are analyzed. We discuss the morphology and evolution of an eruptive prominence occurring on 21 August 1973, beginning (in H) at about 1300 UT and of a surge on 4 December 1973, beginning at about 1758 UT. For the eruptive prominence, measured X-ray flux is used in the determination of line-of-sight temperatures, emission measures, and electron densities. A peak temperature of 8.5 × l0⁶ K and densities to 3.5 × l0⁹ cm^-3 are derived. A time-dependent, two-dimensional, single-fluid magnetohydrodynamic computer code has been used to simulate the coronal response to these prominences. We find that the coronal response to the observed eruptive prominence may be simulated with a density-dominated pressure pulse at the base of the corona ( 30000 km above photosphere), while a temperature pulse of short duration will simulate the coronal response to the surge. Approximately 10³¹ ergs and 10⁴⁰ particles (or 10¹⁶ g) were deposited into the corona during the eruptive prominence event, while about 10²⁹ ergs and 10³⁸ particles (or 10¹⁴ g) were injected during the surge event. A shock wave formed ahead of the ejected material at about 70000 km above the photosphere in the eruptive prominence event and had a velocity of 275 km s^-1 at 1.5 r above the limb.Presently at NASA / Marshall Space Flight Center.     

一个爆发日珥速度场的观测研究

用"多云模型"光谱方法分析1991年3月5日喷泉状爆发日珥的Hα光谱观测资料,导出了该日珥视向速度的二维分布;通过速度场分析,我们探测到日珥喷射速度和旋转角速度随高度的分布,结果表明该日珥的蓝移速度占绝对优势,速度变化范围为8～110km/s,速度分布不均衡、不对称,日珥中部和底部速度较大、顶部速度较小;日珥南边缘的速度梯度比北边缘的更大;日珥的喷射除表现为上升运动外还显示出向着观测者的、平均速度约为50km/s的视向运动;该日珥的旋转角速度约为7×10-4rad/s,两者随高度的变化显示出相反的特征。