Fe-Sn-Sb-S体系内四元相无铅辉锑锡铅矿、无铅圆柱锡矿及铁锑斜方硫锡矿的实验研究

作者在辉锑锡铅矿-硫锑锡铁铅矿-potosiite以及圆柱锡矿两个固溶体系列的实验研究基础上,合成出铅全部被二价锡取代生成的无铅端员——无铅辉锑锡铅矿和无铅圆柱锡矿。并进一步在Fe-Sn-Sb-S体系内确定了第三个相——含铁、锑的斜方硫锡矿固溶体相的存在。无铅辉锑锡铅矿和无铅圆柱锡矿作为纯相只能在高温下被合成。铁锑斜方硫锡矿虽然也可以在600℃被合成,但在500℃以下,它在更广泛的范围内存在。文章也涉及到无铅的SnS-SnS_2-FeSb_2S_4假三元系内相的关系,即600℃时所观察到的随四价锡增加而依次出现的相及相的共生。     

复杂硫盐矿物—辉锑锡铅矿、圆柱锡矿实验研究

作者以硫化物合成实验手段为主,配合X射线粉晶衍射及反光显微镜鉴定、穆斯鲍尔谱价态分析、高温差热分析,并密切结合对天然矿物辉锑锡铅矿、圆柱锡矿的成分分析、矿物共生组合及天然矿物加热实验研究,成功地合成出辉锑锡铅矿和圓柱锡矿,研究了其中元素代换规律,解决了矿物学中这组复杂硫盐矿物长期以来悬而未决的一些问题,得到以下几点关键性突破。 (1)确定了辉锑锡铅矿和圆柱锡矿的化学组成,它们是由不同的硫锑酸根-硫锡酸根(Sn~(4+))以及二价铅、锡、铁组成的硫盐矿物。     

几种锡矿物的穆斯堡尔谱研究

本文对我国一些地区的锡石、黄锡矿、辉锑锡铅矿等锡矿物样品进行了化学成分分析、穆斯堡尔谱测试,并利用穆斯堡尔谱方法区分了这些锡矿物中锡的价态。实测结果表明,锡石中的锡全是Sn~(4+)(六配位),黄锡矿中的锡是Sn~(4+)(四配位),辉锑锡铅矿中的锡有Sn~(4+)及少量 的Sn~(2+)。钙铁榴石中的锡是Sn~(4+),它是以类质同像替换方式进入[Y]位替换Fe~(3+)。同时,讨论了同质异能位移值与价态的关系,I.S值的增大顺序为:Sn~(4+)→Sn~0→Sn~(2+)。根据经验公式,估算了一些锡矿物中氧和硫配位基的电负性,     

广西大厂锡石-硫化物多金属矿田中辉锑锡铅矿矿物学研究

本文对中国广西大厂锡石-硫化物多金属矿田中辉锑锡铅矿进行了产出地质条件,共生组合及其形成条件的研究,并通过化学成分、X光粉晶衍射、晶胞参数测定及其晶体结构模式,~(119)Sn和”Fe穆斯堡尔谱研究,初步确定大厂辉锑锡铅矿属富铅端员的“正常”辉锑锡铅矿,其中锡和铁均为Sn~(4-)和Fe~(2+)。晶体结构是由两套无公度的晶格组成,具8C型一维超结构。     

对铅圆柱锡矿的重新认识

铅圆柱锡矿(potosiite)是1981年在玻利维亚的锡矿床中发现的,沃尔夫等人测定了它的化学成份和X射线粉晶衍射数据,作为新矿物列入JCPDS卡片。近年来作者在工作中发现,实际上该矿物旱在1972年就被我国地质工作者在广西大厂的锡石硫化物矿床中采集,由于该矿物的物理性质与辉锑锡铅矿的物理性质极为相似,以及限于当时的实验条件而误定名为辉锑锡铅矿。为便于今后的工作,作者认为育必要对铅圆柱锡矿和辉锑锡铅矿进行重新认识。     

辉锑锡铅矿的穆斯堡尔谱及其晶体化学研究

辉锑锡铅矿是结构复杂而尚未确定,以及晶体化学尚有争议的一种稀有矿物。X射线衍射结果表明其结构是由假四方亚层(称T层)和假六方亚层(称H层)穿插组成的层状结构。T层的化学成分具有MeS形式,H层则具有MeS_2形式。本文通过广西大厂的辉锑锡铅矿的穆斯堡尔谱研究,确定了矿物中Sn的大部分为Sn~(4+),而Sn~(2+)只占较少的部分;Fe中含有Fe~(3+)和Fe~(3+)。它们在T层和H层中的分布为Sn~(2+)(T)占5.6%,Sn~(4+)(T)占25.9%,Sn~(4+)(H)占68.5%,Fe~(2+)(T)占59.5%,Fe~(3+)(H)占40.5%。从Sn、Fe的穆斯堡尔谱参数还可看出H层的共价性比T层的强。     

甘肃老豆金矿矿石中金属矿物组成特征研究

老豆金矿床是西秦岭夏河—合作矿集区典型金矿床之一。本文通过显微镜下观察和电子探针分析,确认矿石中存在黄铁矿、毒砂、方铅矿、闪锌矿、辉锑矿、辉锑铅矿、脆硫锑铅矿、块硫锑铜矿、方黝锡矿等多种矿物,确定老豆金矿成矿金属元素组合为Au-As-Sb-Cu-Pb-Zn,根据金元素含量特点判断金元素主要以超显微纳米级自然金(Au0)和固溶体金(Au+)的形式附存于闪锌矿等载金矿物中,方黝锡矿等还原性矿物特征指示矿床形成于氧逸度较低,硫逸度较高的还原环境中。     

广西某锡矿区锡物相分析方法的研究—硫化物相、水锡石相、硅酸盐相、锡石相的测定

近年来,在锡的物相分析实践中发现,除黝锡矿、辉锑锡铅矿、锡石等矿物存在外,还存在多种含锡的矿物,如含锡的硅酸盐类矿物,含锡的硫化矿物(如磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿等),含锡的氧化矿物(如磁铁矿)以及水锡石类矿物等。如仍按文献的流程进行物相分析,那么难溶硅酸盐类矿物中的锡则与锡石一起计量,而易溶硅酸盐类矿物和其它矿物中的锡均与黝锡矿或胶态锡一起计量,尤其当矽卡岩型矿床中中酸盐类矿物的含锡量比较高时,影响更为严重。     

Ag_2S-Cu_2S-PbS-Bi_2S_3四元体系相关系研究(Ⅰ):相图和相关系

对Ag_2S-Cu_2S-PhS-Bi_2S_3四元体系500℃相图研究表明,整个体系相关系受十个组分范围变化大的固溶体和一个液相区控制。它们是:块硫铋银矿、铜银铅铋矿、硫铋铅矿、富硫铋铅矿、辉铋矿-针硫铋铅矿、方铅矿-杂硫铋银矿、硫铋铜矿和人工合成相CuBi_3S_5、Cu_3Bi_5S_8及新相“C”。此外体系内稳定的相是四元系端元相和辉铅铋矿。     

AgS_2-Cu_2S-PbS-Bi_2S_3四元体系相关系研究(Ⅱ):铜银铅铋硫盐矿物结晶化学及分类

对Ag_2S-Cu_2S-PbS-Bi_2S_3四元体系内铋硫盐矿物的类质同象取代类型的研究表明,它共有四种:配对取代Ag(Cu)+Bi=2Pb,简单取代Ag=Cu,Bi(Pb)=Cu和Cu原子填隙(以平衡Bi或Pb为Cu取代时电价差)。研究还给出了体系内10个重要固溶体的成分及结晶参数之间的关系。对这些固溶体及铜、银、铅铋硫盐矿物结构特征、共生和共生长关系研究表明,它们可以分成四个系列:块硫铋银矿、硫铋铅矿、辉铋矿-针硫铋铅矿、贺硫铋铜矿。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)