秦岭商丹断裂带南侧弧前沉积体的变形特征及其构造意义

本文选取秦岭商丹断裂带以南,南秦岭刘岭群以北的弧前沉积体为研究对象,研究扬子板块向北秦岭俯冲的运动学特征。这套弧前沉积体产状北倾,矿物拉伸线理为倾向线理,岩片强烈褶皱,断裂发育,表现出由北向南逆冲的运动学特征。利用糜棱岩与云母石英片岩中矿物变形温度计,结合石英C轴组构估算岩石变形温度集中在400℃～550℃之间。结合其所处的构造位置,本文认为这套强烈变形的岩石构造组合体形成于秦岭古岛弧弧前沉积背景,在扬子板块向北秦岭俯冲过程中,北秦岭沿着商丹带由北向南逆冲形成。后期又遭受商丹韧性剪切带左行走滑活动的改造。     

鲁西地区韧性剪切带岩石磁组构分析及其构造意义

岩石磁组构分析可用来研究岩石的组构特征及构造变形。鲁西地区韧性剪切带岩石磁组构具有磁各异性度Ｐ和磁百分率各向异性值Ｈ高、磁化率量值椭球呈压扁状、磁面理发育而磁线理不发育的特点。区内韧性剪切带变形强烈,以压扁作用为主,最大主压应力方向近ＮＥ和Ｓ－Ｎ向,以右旋运动为主。韧性剪切带形成以后,区内主要经历了热蚀变和脆性变形,韧性变形很弱     

鲁西地区韧性剪切带岩磁组构分析及其构造意义

岩石磁组构分析了可用来研究岩石的组构特征及构造变形。鲁西地区韧性剪切带岩石磁组构具有磁各异性度Ｐ和磁百分率各向异性值Ｈ高、磁化率量值椭球呈压扁状、磁面理发育而磁线理不发育的特点。区内韧性剪切带变形强烈,以压扁作用为主,最大主压应力方向近ＮＥ和Ｓ－Ｎ向,以右旋运动为主。韧性剪切带形成以后,区内主要经历了热蚀变和脆性变形,韧性变形很弱。     

龙门山南段盐井-五龙断裂磁组构特征及其对几何学、运动学的制约

盐井?五龙断裂是龙门山中央断裂北川?映秀断裂的南延部分,也是龙门山南段的三大控制性主干断裂之一。为了详细认识盐井?五龙断裂的构造几何学、运动学特征,在野外构造研究的基础上,运用磁组构方法对盐井?五龙断裂105块构造岩定向样品进行深入研究。野外构造解析表明断裂至少发生了韧性挤压剪切、脆?韧性逆冲和脆性挤压碎裂三期构造变形。磁组构研究显示构造岩磁组构样品的平均磁化率k_m值具有强磁化率和弱磁化率两种特征。磁组构形状参数T、磁面理F值、磁线理L值和T-P_J图解显示磁化率椭球体主要为压扁型,磁面理较磁线理发育,局部发育较强磁线理,进一步表明盐井?五龙断裂以挤压、剪切为主,伴有拉伸变形的整体特征,样品的P_J整体较大,显示出构造强变形磁组构特征。最小磁化率主轴K_min方位表明盐井?五龙断裂北段和南段分别受到了NW-SE向和NEE-SWW向的挤压作用;K_min方位和倾伏角表明北段晚一期的脆韧性变形主体为自NW向SE的较高角度的挤压逆冲剪切变形,局部伴有极小量的左行走滑特征。断裂南段早期韧性变形整体以自SWW向NEE的挤压逆冲剪切变形为主,上盘(西盘)远离主干断裂表现为左行走滑兼逆冲的运动学特征,下盘变形主要以逆冲剪切变形为主,走滑分量极小,并且自西向东韧性剪切变形具有相对强弱相间的特征。     

桂东北地区鹰扬关韧性剪切带的厘定及其构造意义

论文通过宏-微观构造、磁组构、热液锆石和石英EBSD组构等,厘定鹰扬关韧性剪切带并讨论其构造意义。鹰扬关韧性剪切带具有宏-微观韧性变形组构,发育糜棱岩、拉伸线理、S-C组构、旋转碎斑系、书斜构造、压力影和石英的动态重结晶等。磁组构和宏-微观构造表明,鹰扬关韧性剪切带呈NNE向延伸超过40 km,宽2.5～8 km。糜棱C面理的极密点产状127°∠50°;磁面理的极密点产状107°∠83°。宏-微观构造研究表明,鹰扬关韧性剪切带具有早期左旋逆冲剪切,晚期右旋正滑剪切的运动学性质。石英EBSD组构表明,鹰扬关韧性剪切带具有晚期中低温变形(400～550℃)叠加于早期中高温变形(550～650℃)的特征。年代学研究表明,鹰扬关韧性剪切带早期左旋逆冲剪切的时代为(441.1±2.3)Ma,晚期右旋正滑剪切的时代应晚于420 Ma,区域构造应力由挤压转为伸展的时限为420 Ma。在磁组构、石英EBSD组构和热液锆石定年的基础上,结合区域地质资料,认为鹰扬关韧性剪切带形成于华夏陆块自SE向扬子陆块造山挤压的构造背景。早期造山挤压,产生压扁型应变和中高温左旋逆冲剪切;晚期造山后伸展,产生拉伸型应变和...     

黄河源地区磁组构特征及其地质意义

黄河源区位于青藏高原东北部,区内主要为三叠系沉积地层,发育一系列由北向南的推覆构造带,间有早期近直立的韧性剪切带。笔者对黄河源地区巴颜喀拉山群沉积岩进行了磁组构分析,结果显示岩石磁化率各向异性度P值和磁化率百分率各向异性度H值均不大,反映该地区总体韧性变形较弱,较强韧性变形仅发育于局部地段;岩石磁组构具有磁面理发育、磁线理不发育、磁化率椭球呈压扁形椭球体的特点,反映在挤压应力作用下,岩石发生了压扁变形,主应力方位主要为NNE-SSW(近SN)向,其次为NE-SW向。根据岩石磁组构分析认为黄河源地区存在两条韧性剪切带,韧性剪切带与现今湖泊水体的展布有一定的耦合关系;北部韧性剪切带沿现今黄河河谷分布,控制着扎陵湖、鄂陵湖和玛多"四姐妹湖"的展布;南部韧性剪切带沿岗纳格玛错—野牛沟一线展布,控制着岗纳格玛错和尕拉拉错等残余湖泊的分布。     

西秦岭北缘武山—鸳鸯镇构造带磁组构特征

构造与磁组特征揭示出武山-鸳鸯镇构造带为一条复合性断裂带,变形样式表现为花状构造形态。野外及显微构造特征表明,先期韧性变形为右行剪切,发育于中、深构造层次;66个构造岩样品的磁化率椭球形态分析表明,其以平面和压扁应变为主,总体较高的磁化率各向异性度表现了构造带的强变形特征;磁化率椭球主轴方位显示NW和NEE走向两组磁面理的存在,暗示高应变剪切带在平面上可能以共轭或网格状形态出露,锐夹角分线近EW向;高角度磁面理及较为发育的低倾伏角磁线理暗示了沿构造带近EW向的走滑剪切,部分高倾伏角磁线理可能与构造带的挤压和(或)转换挤压相关,而相对集中的磁面理与相对分散的磁线理也表明了构造带的平面及压扁应变体制。强烈的右行转换挤压奠定了西秦岭北缘现今的反"S"型区域构造,表明碰撞造山过程中,西秦岭诸中、小块体一定程度的向西挤逸。中、新生代沿构造带继承性的发育以西秦岭北缘(渭河)断裂为中心的一系列正花状左行走滑构造,构成青藏高原东北边缘物质逃逸及应力释放与调整的重要边界。     

南秦岭晚三叠世胭脂坝岩体的磁组构特征及意义

胭脂坝岩体是秦岭造山带内具典型代表性意义的晚三叠世花岗岩,已有的年代学和地球化学研究对岩体的侵位机制有着不同的认识。采用磁组构方法研究了该岩体的内部组构特征,并结合区域构造探讨了岩体的侵位机制。结果显示,胭脂坝岩体51个采点、348个样品的平均体积磁化率（K_m）值普遍小于100 μSI,总体较低。磁滞回线和热磁曲线特征表明,岩体磁组构主要由顺磁性矿物控制。大部分样品的校正磁化率各向异性度（P_J）值小于1.10,平均为1.06,表现出低各向异性度的总体特征。样品磁化率椭球形态参数（T）值多大于0,磁化率椭球体以压扁椭球为主。综合分析认为,岩体的磁组构是典型的岩浆组构,记录了岩浆侵位的流动构造。岩体磁组构以东西向中低角度倾伏的磁线理和南北向倾伏的磁面理为总体特征,磁线、面理轨迹揭示出岩浆自西向东的侵位流动。这样的岩浆侵位过程应与中、浅部地壳的走滑挤压构造相关,岩体侵位时造山带处于同碰撞构造环境。     

郯庐断裂带南段晚期韧性剪切带涡度分析及其构造意义

天然剪切带通常都是简单剪切和纯剪切叠加的一般剪切的产物。通过测量韧性剪切带的运动学涡度，可以很好地解决剪切带变形过程中究竟是简单剪切占优势还是纯剪切占优势的问题。本次研究中利用石英C轴组构与主应变比值的方法以及石英C轴组构与斜列颗粒形态的方法，测量了郯庐断裂带南段晚期韧性剪切带的运动学涡度。获得的运动学涡度主要介于0．80～0．95之间，明显大于0．75且小于1，指示郯庐晚期左旋走滑韧性剪切带的变形以简单剪切为主的同时，还存在一个纯剪切分量。根据本次研究获得的涡度值、断层产状以及断裂带的运动学特征综合分析，可以认为郯庐晚期韧性剪切带是一个具有压扭性质的走滑构造。并且，本次工作中获得的运动学涡度支持伊佐奈崎板块与欧亚板块的边界为典型的汇聚型板块边界的现有成果。     

东天山康古尔塔格金矿田控矿构造特征

利用构造面理统计、岩组分析和岩石磁化率各向异性参数测量,研究了东天山康古尔金矿田控矿构造的特征。结果表明,金矿田发育一组构造面理,具有典型的对称型岩组图;磁组构特征的变化明显反映出矿田韧性变形具北强南弱的特点;矿田韧性断裂具有压扁应变的特征,磁面理产状与韧性断裂产状相一致。因此,康古尔金矿田韧性断裂应是起源于共轴变形的韧性挤压带。     

Extrusion tectonics inferred from fabric study of the Guanzizhen ophiolitic mélange belt in the West Qinling orogen,Central China

The recently identified Guanzizhen ophiolitic mélange belt (GOMB) in the West Qinling orogen is regarded, by many geochemical and geochronological works, as the westward extension of the Shangdan belt in the East Qinling that separated the North and South China blocks. The GOMB trends generally NW–SE and comprises ophiolites and forearc volcanic–sedimentary complex (the Liziyuan Group). Ductile shear zones with various widths are a striking structural feature of the GOMB and studying them could contribute to a better understanding of the tectonic processes of the collisional orogeny in this area. Here we characterize the deformation style of these shear zones by combining the low-field anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data, microstructural and field observations. The new dataset demonstrates that the deformation of these ductile shear zones is dominated by dextral transpressional shearing under low amphibolite grade condition. Combining the dextral transpression of the GOMB and the coeval sinistral transpression of the Shangdan belt in the East Qinling, we propose a Late Triassic bilateral extrusion tectonics of the Qinling orogen in response to the collision between the Ordos and Sichuan blocks.     

陕西凤太矿集区多金属成矿作用的构造控制

陕西凤县-太白(简称凤太)矿集区铅、锌、金、银、铜多金属资源丰富,已发现二十余个大中小型矿床。在大地构造位置上,凤太矿集区位于南秦岭造山带北缘,紧邻商丹缝合带。以往的工作缺乏对矿集区整体的构造研究,本次工作通过比较系统的构造测量和解析,提出在南秦岭晚三叠世碰撞造山过程中,凤太矿集区南北两条边界断裂带的左行走滑运动导致在区内衍生了NNE向主压应力场,从而形成了NWW向复式褶皱、脆韧性剪切带、断裂和节理(纵向破裂)、B型线理,以及NNE向断裂和节理(横向破裂)、劈理、张裂隙等一系列构造组合,所有构造形迹都是在统一构造应力场下随着构造层次不断抬升,脆韧性和脆性递进变形叠加的产物,共同构成了一个大型压扭性走滑双重构造变形系统。在构造几何学上,凤太矿集区整体上表现为一个隔档式复式褶皱,由一组NWW向紧闭复背斜和一组相对宽缓复向斜组成。区内的多金属成矿作用、岩浆活动、动力变质变形作用的同位素年龄数据集中于230~190Ma。综合地质演化和成矿作用的研究成果,提出在南秦岭碰撞造山过程中引发的动力变质变形作用和岩浆活动提供了成矿元素和成矿流体,在温压梯度以及浮力效应的驱动下向上运移至走滑双重构造变形系统中的有利扩容空间中发生充填型和交代型矿化,即凤太矿集区多金属矿床是区域大规模变形变质-岩浆活动-流体作用的产物,是在构造作用这一主导因素控制下形成的一个多金属后生热液成矿系统。     

Fabrics of migmatites and the relationships between partial melting and deformation in high-grade transpressional shear zones: The Espinho Branco anatexite (Borborema Province,NE Brazil)

The Espinho Branco anatexite, located within a transcurrent, high-temperature shear zone in NE Brazil, was the subject of a comprehensive petrostructural study (Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility – AMS, Anisotropy of Anhysteretic Remanence – AAR, Electron Backscatter Diffraction – EBSD) to evaluate the compatibility of different fabrics with the kinematics of melt deformation. Magnetite dominates susceptibilities larger than 1 mSI and biotite displays [001] lattice directions consistent with AMS k₃ axes. In contrast, migmatites with a susceptibility lower than 0.5 mSI and no visible mesoscopic foliation provide crystallographic fabrics distinct from AMS and AAR. However, AAR remains consistent with the regional strain field. These results suggest that the correlation of field, AMS and crystallographic fabrics is not always straightforward despite the relatively simple organisation of the magnetic fabric in the anatexite. We conclude that AMS recorded the final stages of the strain field in the migmatite irrespective of its complex mesoscale structures and contrasting crystallographic fabrics.     

Quantitative finite strain and kinematic flow analyses along the Zagros transpression zone, Iran

The Ghouri area in southwest Iran exposes a cross section through the Zagros orogenic belt. The area provides an opportunity to investigate quantitative finite strain (Rs), kinematic vorticity number (W_k), proportions of pure shear and simple shear components, sense of shear indicators, steeply plunging lineations, and other moderate to steeply plunging stretching lineations in a transpressional zone. Based on a classical strain analysis of deformed microfossils with oblate strain ellipsoid shape, the Zagros orogenic belt is classified as a pure-shear dominated zone of transpression, but asymmetry of shear-sense indicators suggests that a significant component of simple shear was involved along the deformation zone boundaries. The long axes of the microfossils and stretched pebbles of a deformed conglomerate were used to indicate the stretching direction in this zone. The stretching lineations have a steep to moderate plunge but a constant strain magnitude. Characteristics of dextral inclined transpressional kinematics in the Zagros continental collision zone were quantified and indicate an estimated k-value < 1, an angle between the maximum horizontal axis of the instantaneous strain ellipsoid and the zone boundary (θ = 32°), asymmetrical dextral shear-sense indicators, and an angle of relative plate motion (α = 25°).     

Magnetic fabric study across the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone

The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of 351 specimens from 51 sites across the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone (ASRR) was measured to determine its magnetic fabric. Rocks range westward from core schistose gneiss, through low-grade schist, to Triassic sediment. Magnetic ellipticity analysis shows that 41 of 51 sites have an oblate compressional fabric and the other 10 sites have a prolate fabric. P_J value drops by 22.4% in the low-grade schist and by 27.4% in the Triassic sediment on average with respect to the gneiss, suggesting a rapid decrease of deformational intensity. The directions of principal susceptibilities are closely related to the deformation of the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone. The susceptibility plane always coincides with the schistosity or cleavage plane. Most of the maximum susceptibility axes trend NW–SE. In the shear zone, the maximum susceptibility axes (K_max) are parallel to the lineation within the foliation plane. With increasing distance from the shear zone, there is a trend that they become parallel to the down-dip of reverse faults or cleavage. This indicates changes in deformation mode, inside and outside the shear zone. Within the shear zone, horizontal movement is dominant. Outside, shortening prevails. The overall minimum magnetic axes align NE–SW with subhorizontal to low dip angles, suggesting that the dominant shortening is NE–SW directed. Caution should be exercised when AMS is used to determine shear sense in strong shear zones because the angle between the minimum susceptibility axis (K_min) and pole of foliation is small, and also because the attitude of foliation varies from place to place. They result in unreliable or even wrong shear sense. Another important result is the axial ratio of magnetic susceptibility ellipsoid along the study section. With these data, it is possible to establish an axial ratio relationship between the finite strain ellipsoid and magnetic susceptibility ellipsoid for quantitative calculation of offset.     

Exploring till bed kinematics using AMS magnetic fabrics and pebble fabrics: the Weedsport drumlin field,New York State,USA

Gentoso, M. J., Evenson, E. B., Kodama, K. P., Iverson, N. R., Alley, R. B., Berti, C. & Kozlowski, A. 2012 (January): Exploring till bed kinematics using AMS magnetic fabrics and pebble fabrics: the Weedsport drumlin field, New York State, USA. Boreas, Vol. 41, pp. 31–41. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2011.00221.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Thick, relatively homogeneous basal tills exposed in the drumlins and flutes of the Weedsport drumlin and flute field in New York State exhibit anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and pebble fabrics that are consistently oriented parallel to the streamlined bedforms. The pebble fabrics and AMS fabrics are concordant. In this study, six drumlins and five flutes were sampled. Thermally induced, incremental reduction of isothermal remanent magnetization indicates that AMS is caused by primarily elongate maghaemite grains. The orientations of principal axes of maximum susceptibility (k₁) are generally parallel to pebble long‐axis orientations, and tend to plunge mildly up‐glacier. Fabric directions are generally parallel to drumlin long‐axis orientations, but deviate by 12°–23° from flute directions. Fabrics of the flutes are stronger and more unidirectional than those of the drumlins. These results support the use of AMS as a fast and objective method for characterizing fabrics in tills, and suggest hypotheses about basal processes linked to glacially streamlined landforms.     

Pan-African strike–slip tectonics in eastern Cameroon—Magnetic fabrics (AMS) and structure in the Lom basin and its gneissic basement

Field, microstructural, and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) or magnetic fabric studies were applied to identify the sequence and character of the Pan-African structures in the basement of Eastern Cameroon at both sides of the regional scale Bétaré-Oya Shear Zone (BOSZ). The NE-SW trending BOSZ separates older gneisses and migmatites towards SE (domain I) from the younger rocks of the Lom meta-volcano-sedimentary basin towards NW (domain II). In domain I, early, ductile compressional deformation occurred in two events, D1 and D2, under relatively high T conditions. During subsequent cooling, strain partitioned between the competent basement gneisses with only mild compression and the bordering shear zone (BOSZ) with intense simple shear-wrenching (D3). Strain in the less competent rocks of domain II is dominated by simple shear, strike-slip wrenching (D3), with an earlier stage of compressional deformation preserved only in some low strain pods.Magnetic fabrics (AMS) document a progressive change from oblate ellipsoids towards prolate ellipsoids in domain I, when proceeding from the south towards the BOSZ. Foliations are mostly steep but define a girdle with a pole plunging gently towards WSW. The magnetic lineations also plunge mostly towards WSW at shallow angles. These fabrics indicate a compression approximately normal to the BOSZ, which is also the SE margin of the Lom Basin. In the Lom metasediments (domain II), AMS ellipsoids are typically oblate. Foliations trend NE-SW with mostly steep dips. Magnetic lineations plunge gently NE or SW. This fabric with foliations mostly steep and subparallel with the major BOSZ, combined with generally subhorizontal lineations implies the BOSZ as a Pan-African strike–slip shear zone with a subordinate component of compression.At a larger scale, the area is part of a continent-scale shear zone, separating external Pan-African domains of compression along the northern margin of the Congo craton from internal domains dominated by high-angle strike–slip and transpressional deformation. Together with published data, the present study thus demonstrates that transpression is a regional phenomenon in the Pan-African orogen of central and eastern Cameroon.     

Structural geometry and kinematics of the Ailao Shan shear zone: insights from integrated structural,microstructural, and fabric studies of the Yao Shan complex,Yunnan, Southwest China

ABSTRACT

The Yao Shan complex, a massif near the southern segment of the Ailao Shan–Red River (ASRR) shear zone, bears important information on the structural framework of the massif and the kinematics of ductile shearing along the ASRR shear zone. In this contribution, structural, microstructural, quartz c-axis fabric, magnetic fabric, and geochronologic data are used to determine the structural framework of the Yao Shan massif and its tectonic implications for the ASRR shear zone. The Yao Shan complex is characterized by an overall linear A-type antiform that contains a core of high-grade metamorphic rocks with Palaeoproterozoic to Mesozoic protoliths and a mantle of Permo-Triassic low-grade rocks. Both the high-grade metamorphic core and low-grade Permo-Triassic rocks have experienced progressive ductile shearing. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) results from 17 samples collected along the Xinjie–Pingbian section across the complex show that magnetic lineation (K_max) and foliation (K_max–K_int) are generally subparallel to the corresponding structural elements in the sheared rocks. The shape parameter E values of the magnetic ellipsoids are indicative of dominantly oblate and plane strain, but vary with protolith type and degree of strain among the various rock types. In agreement with the field and microstructural observations, the corrected degree of anisotropy (Pj) values reflect high shear strain in the core rocks and relatively low shear strain in the low-grade strata. A kinematic analysis based on structural and magnetic fabric data shows that both left- and right-lateral shear occurred during the deformation of the Yao Shan complex. Therefore, instead of being an element of the ASRR shear zone, the Yao Shan complex constitutes a crustal-scale inharmonic A-type fold with a fold axis parallel to the stretching lineation. Geochronologic data reveal that the folding occurred coevally with ductile shearing of the middle to lower crust between ca. 30 and 21 Ma.