原子时的小波分解算法

时间尺度的就是根据一组原子钟的数据,用统计的方法计算出平均的时间尺度。其目的是使综合时间尺度的噪声最小。一般的原子时算有脱离经典加权的局限性,只能抑制原子钟的栽一种噪声。运用小波分解的方法建立以分解原子时,将原子信号在小汉域按频率尺度分解原,然后在不同频率范围加权,这种方法不但考虑不同原子钟在同一个频率分量的不同稳定度,而且考虑不同频率分量的不同稳定度,它有着独特的优越性。     

时间尺度的分域递推模型

建立时间尺度是时间测量的目的之一．实时原子时则要求对时间尺度进行必要的预测．小波分析是近年来迅速发展起来的一门学科,它可以对信号在不同的分辨率下进行分析,凡是传统的Fourier分析可以应用的地方,小波分析都可以得到应用．基于小波分析建立了一种时间尺度分域递推模型,这种方法既不同于ARMA（p,q）模型,又有别于卡尔曼滤波方法．ARMA模型要求过程是平稳随机的,而卡尔曼滤波方法虽然不要求过程是平稳的,但它预测的精度有限．分城递推模型将信号在不同的频率尺度进行正交分解,在各个尺度上对小波变换系数进行建模．最后根据陕西天文台守时实验室的实测数据,验证了分域递推模型,ARMA模型一步预测误差10ns,而分域递推模型五步预测误差平均为4．5ns．结果表明这种方法简单而切实可行,分域递推模型的预测精度优于其它方法．     

一种时间尺度算法的稳定度分析

介绍了国际权度局时间频率分部的ALGOS原子时算法的原理，并提出了建立在小波分解基础上的一种新的时间尺度算法，它可以提取原子钟在不同频率范围内的不同稳定度，实验结果表明：根据此算法建立的小波分解原子时稳定度优于一般的算法。     

一种基于小波变换的氢铯联合守时算法研究

氢铯联合守时方法主要是研究两类性能不同的原子钟的有效组合而产生稳定的时间尺度.基于此,研究了一种联合守时算法,取得了初步结果.算法首先通过铯原子钟建立参考时间尺度,用于估计氢原子钟的速率和频率漂移;其次,利用小波多尺度分解的方法降低氢原子钟钟差多种噪声的影响;最后,利用氢原子钟的可预测性能,建立由氢原子钟产生的时间尺度.此算法的优点在于产生的时间尺度充分利用了氢原子钟的短期稳定度、氢原子钟的可预测性能并考虑了测量钟差带来的多种噪声的影响,是一种优化的原子时尺度算法.     

用小波变换原理检测原子钟环境温度的变化

根据小波变换的奇异性检测原理，分析了环境温度变化对原子钟特性的影响；基于小波变换的信号重建原理，将温度变化引起原子钟相位－时间起伏进行时域－频域分析；用小波变换理论分析了由于昼夜温度变化引起原子钟周期性波动的原因，结合传统的谱分析方法，认证了原子钟相位－时间起伏的周期性，结果表明：在有环境温度调节的环境中，氢原子钟的相位－时间起伏标准差为４１ｎｓ左右；在一般环境中，铯原子钟的相位－时间起伏标准差为     

地方原子时算法研究

产生和保持一个稳定、准确、可靠的时间尺度是所有时间实验室追求的目标.传统的ALGOS算法主要考虑时间尺度的长期稳定度,而地方原子时尺度需兼顾长、短期的稳定度.通过对原子钟噪声模型的分析研究,在保证地方原子时尺度长期稳定度不降低的条件下,提出适合中国科学院国家授时中心(National Time Service Center,NTSC)守时钟类型单一、钟性能相近的时间实验室计算地方时间尺度TA(NTSC)的一套完整算法.应用NTSC 2008年全年所有参加国际原子时(International Atomic Time,TAI)计算的钟的数据进行新算法的验证计算,得到的TA(NTSC)的短期稳定度指标与长期稳定度指标均有提高.研究结果适用于与NTSC守时系统结构相似的时间实验室的原子时尺度计算.     

原子钟信号的神经网络模型

时间尺度的连续性要求对原子钟信号进行必要的预测,预测的实质是建立一个模型来逼近原子钟的信号,前向神经网络具有良好的副近非线性 函数的能力,用神经网络模型来预测原子钟信号,并与AD模型的预测结果作了比较。     

Kalman算法在原子时计算中的应用研究

为了寻求改进地方原子时算法的可能性,基于原子钟的离散动态模型,分析研究了Kalman滤波算法在地方原子时计算中的具体应用。采用中国科学院国家授时中心的18台铯原子钟数据,分别计算出基于ALGOS算法和经典Kalman算法的时间尺度。结果表明,两种时间尺度在性能方面极为相似,短期和长期频率稳定度相当。     

原子时尺度分析研究

守时型原子钟主要包括氢原子钟和铯原子钟,为进一步探究不同类型守时原子钟计算时间尺度相关性能,本文开展全氢钟及氢铯联合时间尺度研究。首先依据国际权度局(Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, BIPM)发布的d公报将氢原子钟进行分类,针对分类结果分别运用原子时尺度理论方法计算全氢钟时间尺度,并给出分析结果。随后计算全铯钟时间尺度,并分析探究两种不同的氢铯联合钟组时间尺度。结果表明,基于频率漂移量较小的氢钟组形成的时间尺度波动范围小,且稳定度优于频率漂移量较大的氢钟组形成的时间尺度。氢铯联合形成的时间尺度稳定度优于全铯钟时间尺度,不同的氢铯联合钟组计算得到的时间尺度结果相近。     

综合脉冲星时的小波分析算法

由单脉冲星定义的脉冲星时受几种噪声源的影响,为削弱这些影响得到一种更稳定的时间尺度,采取将多颗脉冲星定义的单脉冲星时进行综合的分析方法得到综合脉冲星时．用两种方法:经典加权算法和小波分解算法,对PSRB1855 09和PSR B1937 21两颗脉冲星进行综合计算并做出比较,经典加权算法无法兼顾脉冲星不同频率上的稳定度,而用小波分析的方法对PSR B1855 09和PSR B1937 21两颗脉冲星进行综合,能够有效抑制不同频率上噪声的影响,达到更好的效果．     

小波分析理论在GPS技术中的应用

在GPS数据处理中 ,存在着误差影响、影响波的干扰、周跳和数据量大等问题。误差影响和影响波的干扰实质是在接收卫星信号时受到其它因素的影响 ;周跳是由于卫星信号的失锁而造成信号的不连续 ;数据量大是因为GPS观测需要采样间隔小又连续观测所致。由于小波理论具有时频分析、波形分解、特征提取和快速小波变换等特性 ,应用小波变换和波形分解可以解决误差影响和影响波的干扰的问题 ;应用特征提取可以解决周跳检测问题 ;应用快速小波变换可进行数据压缩     

Virgo星系团内次结构的特征尺度

在小波分析的基础上,用峰值计数法考察了Ｖｉｒｇｏ团天区的结构与次结构．在Ｖｉｒｇｏ团典型的双峰结构下面,发现还有１８０’和１２０’两个明显的次结构的特征尺度．该结果有力地支持了等级式的成团模式．与之对应的波长下的小波强度分布清楚地显示了Ｖｉｒｇｏ团丰富的次结构及其分布情况,从中还发现了两个新的较小的次结构。     

A comparison between 2D and 3D wavelet analysis method for asteroid family dynamical study

As found in previous studies (Bendjoyaet al. 1991) the wavelet analysis is a reliable tool for the determination of asteroid families. A comparison between the 2D and a newly developed 3D wavelet analysis is performed on 14 fictitious families numerically generated the members of which area priori known. It clearly appears that the 3D method brings improvements to the 2D approach. Indeed the 3D analysis appears well suited for all cases even for those corresponding to the very dense Flora region and for exotic families such as filamentar ones. With the 2D method, satisfying results are obtained for the simulations which correspond to 70% of the real asteroid families previously found. The aim of this paper is to show quantitatively the improvement of the 3D method versus the 2D one.     

Using wavelet approximation to study the influence of Jupiter on the orbital evolution of a distant satellite of Saturn

We suggest a nonstandard methodology for studying the influence of Jupiter on the secular orbital evolution of a distant satellite of Saturn. This influence is tangible only in short time spans near the times of the smallest separation between Jupiter and Saturn, i.e., when the heliocentric longitudes of the two planets coincide. These times are spaced about 20 years apart. To describe the jumplike behavior of perturbations, we suggest approximating the principal part of the perturbing function averaged over the satellite’s motion by a two-parameter exponential wavelet-type (burst) function. The subsequent averaging (smoothing) of the perturbing function allows us to eliminate the 20-year-period terms and obtain an approximate analytical solution in a special case of the problem. The results are illustrated by plots of the variations in the averaged perturbing function and the orbital eccentricity of Saturn’s outer satellite S/2000 S1, which is most strongly perturbed by Jupiter.     

使用小波技术自动搜寻天体谱线

使用小波技术对包括恒星、近邻星系和ＡＧＮ等不同的天体光谱进行了自动处理．用小波滤波的方法将光谱中的连续谱与诸线分离;然后使用小波域隐含马尔可夫模型（ＨＭＭ）,对已去掉连续谱的光谱进行降噪,同时得到了噪声在每个光谱中的分布;在训练ＨＭＭ的过程中,使用改进的Ｔｙｉｎｇ方法增加训练数据以保证训练的可靠性;利用噪声分布确定出谱线信号的局部阈值,在已经降噪的光谱中找到吸收线和发射线;用高斯函数拟会出谱线的形状,标出线心的波长值,作为自动证认的基础．     

Deciphering plume–lithosphere interactions beneath Europe from topographic signatures

When a mantle plume rises and impinges on the base of the lithosphere, it expectably produces variations in surface topography. Taking into consideration a realistic mantle rheology, plume ascent rates can reach tens to hundreds of metres per year, whereupon the impingement of the plume head at the base of the lithosphere can be considered as an “impact". Recent numerical experiments based on tectonically realistic formulations for the lithosphere and a representative mantle rheology, have shown that plume-induced undulations exhibit temporal successions of uplift and subsidence at various wavelengths. From spectral (Fourier) analyses of the undulations would appear that two groups of wavelengths (200–400 km and 60–100 km) predominate. Interestingly, a spectral analysis of Europe's topography also reveals two dominant groups. In the present study, we have used a spectral analysis with a wavelet formulation in order to discriminate between tectonically-induced undulations (uni-directional deformation) and plume-induced undulations (omni-directional deformation). The European lithosphere is well-suited for this approach since it has been suggested that two mantle plumes (the Massif Central and the Eifel area) underlie Western Europe, where Alpine compression has folded the lithosphere over several hundreds of kilometres. The wavelet analysis of Europe's surface topography confirms that the energy distribution of the topographic undulations outside the two main volcanic provinces is homogeneous, thus contrasting with the coexistence of both large-scale and medium-scale high-energy features that are obtained for the Massif Central and Eifel areas. Similar signatures are also found beneath the northern Sudetes area. The wavelet approach dedicated to the analysis of plume-related topographic signatures needs, however, detailed theoretical grounds and would probably benefit from two-dimensional analyses.     

Statistical interrelation of 22-yr-long variations in the data on parameters of the Earth’s rotation and magnetic fields of the Earth and the Sun

By means of spectral analysis, oscillations have been detected in many-year time series of deviations in the duration of days from the standard that cannot be explained within the framework of existing gravitational theory. The solution of the problem of the origin and structure of these oscillations is associated with the essence of the phenomena taking place inside the Earth and the mechanisms of energy transfer by external fields and the Sun. The effect of the Sun on the Earth’s rotation also leads to the formation of a unified cyclic background, resulting in correlated oscillations in all shells of the Earth, as well as in its atmosphere and its nucleus. Ground magnetic fields of the Earth and the Sun play the leading role in the abovementioned unified cyclic process. The results of spectral autoregressive and wavelet analyses of experimental data concerning deviations in the duration of days from the standard in the years 1832–2006, ground geomagnetic field intensities in 1832–2006, and the mean magnetic field of the Sun during the period from 1975 to 2005 have been discussed in this paper to reveal and compare correlating oscillations. To analyze a short-period (31-yr-long) series of daily data on the mean magnetic field of the Sun, the results of wavelet transformations (the Morlet wavelet) of the detected amplitude of a burst envelope with a carrier frequency of 13 cycles/yr have been obtained.     

海尔—波普彗星近核区图像增强方法及比较

用Ｓｅｋａｎｉｎａ 等的方法和小波处理方法分别对１９９７ 年３ 月３ 日至５ 日在紫金山天文台行星室观测得到的海尔－ 波普彗星的近核现象ＣＣＤ 图像加以增强处理和分析比较,明显地从ＣＣＤ 图像还原出壳层（ｓｈｅｌｌ） 和喷流（ｊｅｔ） 结构,结果表明小波处理方法比Ｓｅｋａｎｉｎａ 等的方法在小视场图像处理中效果更佳