基于星载SAR影像的苏北地区海岸线提取研究

介绍了K-means聚类分割法和形态学处理,并对比了几种边缘算子;针对Prewitt算子和Roberts算子在像素点邻近区域内受噪声影响较大、边缘检测效果不佳的问题,选用Canny算子提取海岸线.首先对SAR影像进行K-means算法、形态学处理,再采用Canny算子提取海岸线.与其他边缘提取算法相比,该方法提取的海岸...     

Otsu法、区域生长法及形态学相结合的遥感图像海岸线提取

针对现有的海岸线提取方法精度低,无法满足处理各种传感器卫星图像及对线性多样复杂的海岸线提取的需求,本文提出了一种将Otsu法、区域生长法及形态学相结合的遥感图像海岸线提取方法。并且通过试验证明,该海岸线提取方法可以充分发挥Otsu、区域生长法及形态学方法在提取海岸线方面的各自优势,大大提高了海岸线的提取精度。并利用该方法对两种不同的卫星图像数据进行海岸线提取,验证了该方法在不同条件下均有良好的适用性。     

遥感影像的海岸线自动提取方法研究进展

海岸带是人类活动集中且容易受到破坏的区域之一,快速而准确地实现海岸线的提取对海岸带管理及海岸带演化研究具有十分重要的意义。遥感技术因其大范围、高效率、低成本等突出优势逐渐成为一种实现海岸线提取及监测其动态变化的方式,克服了传统海岸线测绘方法的时间周期长、劳动强度大等缺点。本文综述了近些年提出的基于遥感影像的海岸线自动提取方法的研究进展。首先给出了海岸线的定义与分类,阐明了瞬时水边线及真实海岸线提取两个阶段及具体的提取流程,重点论述了通过提取瞬时水边线,进而获取真实海岸线的阈值分割方法、边缘检测算子方法、活动轮廓模型方法、数据挖掘方法、多分辨分析方法、面向对象方法、极化方法及其他方法,分析和比较了各种方法的优缺点,阐述了海岸线校正原理及精度评价方式,并对下一步的研究工作进行了展望。     

遥感自动提取海岸线方法

利用遥感技术确定海岸线位置的问题受到关注由来已久,就其在国内外的研究现状做了介绍,利用小波边缘检测算子提取出黄河三角洲河口区2004年Landsat TM图像的海岸线位置;在分析小波算子与传统边缘提取方法相比的优点的同时,并就其存在的不足提出了今后的研究重点。     

Landsat 8影像水边线提取方法比较研究

传统的海岸线调绘方法比较费时、费力,而且资金消耗巨大,因而会逐渐被遥感技术所取代。本文利用Landsat 8的OLI数据提取长江入海口处的九段沙水边线。由于水体、土壤等地物的光谱特征不同,所以可以选择不同的方法进行提取。本文选用了灰度阈值法、边缘检测法中的Soble算子和Roberts算子、改进的归一化水体差异指数(MNDWI)等方法对水边线进行提取研究,并对结果进行比较分析。发现Landsat 8中的第一波段有利于水边界线提取,边缘检测中的Soble算子提取的九段沙水边线可以得到较好的结果。     

Matlab平台下遥感影像的北方岸线提取研究——以大连长兴岛为例

在Matlab平台上, 利用卫星遥感影像数据, 结合RS与GIS技术, 选取大连长兴岛作为研究区域, 使用阈值分割法、边缘检测法及小波变换法进行了海岸线的提取, 并对结果进行对比分析。试验结果表明, 边缘检测法中Canny算子与小波变换法对海岸线的提取结果与真实地物最为接近, 其中Canny算子可以较为准确地提取围填海区域的海岸线。     

基于色差的遥感影像海岸线提取

分析了Canny算子边缘检测的基本原理和存在的问题,介绍了彩色空间及计算方法.根据海岸地带遥感影像特征,探讨了基于色差的Canny算子自适应边缘提取算法.实验表明,改进的算子具有较高信噪比,能达到比较理想的海岸线检测效果.     

基于色差的遥感影像海岸线提取

分析了Canny算子边缘检测的基本原理和存在的问题,介绍了彩色空间及计算方法.根据海岸地带遥感影像特征,探讨了基于色差的Canny算子自适应边缘提取算法.实验表明,改进的算子具有较高信噪比,能达到比较理想的海岸线检测效果.     

基于Canny算子的南通江海岸线研究

基于RS、GIS、Matlab等技术与平台提取遥感影像岸线是当前实现海岸动态监测和分析各类型海岸动力地貌演化的重要技术方法。本文选取江苏南通江海岸带为研究区,对多期预处理后的MSS、TM和OLI影像进行卷积滤波、图像分割等处理;然后使用Matlab,基于Canny算子检测图像边缘,提取了多期影像的瞬时水边线。与此同时,结合不同类型海岸目视解译标志和吕四港近5 a潮汐数据矫正提取瞬时水边线,最后提取南通市4期江海岸线并分析了近45 a来南通江海岸线演变特性。     

基于LiDAR的海岛岸线自动提取研究

为了探讨栅格化方法与图像分割法对海岛岸线提取的效果,本文主要研究了基于Li DAR数据利用这两种方法对某岛进行瞬时海岸线的提取。利用栅格化方法通过对Li DAR点云数据进行粗差剔除、滤波去噪、构建Terrain数据集、创建栅格表面、生成TIN模型及自动生成等高线,从而实现了瞬时海岸线的提取;利用图像分割法是通过对Li DAR点云数据进行粗差剔除、滤波处理、构建TIN模型、生成二值栅格图像、图像处理与图像边缘提取的过程实现瞬时海岸线的提取。对两种方法提取的海岸线进行叠加显示分析,试验结果表明:两种方法提取的海岸线形态结构基本吻合,海岸线提取效率较传统方法均有提高,但栅格化方法提取的海岸线比图像分割方法提取的海岸线更平滑、更细化,边缘信息较为丰富,与实际海岸线更贴切,效果更加理想。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。