基于等高线的几个自动推理问题

在数字化背景下,人们更多地利用像数字高程模型或数字地形高程模型这样的数字产品来处理类似地形推理的一些问题,而都没有讨论根据一组地形等高线进行推理的可供选择的办法.详细论述如何利用等高线来进行查询点的高程、方向角和坡度等地形要素的推理计算.     

一种消除坡度分级图中“马赛克现象”的方法

介绍了基于数字高程模型进行坡度分析的一般方法，分析了坡度分级图中出现的“马赛克现象”的原因，本文尝试利用数字高程模型内插的思路制作坡度分级图，较好的消除了“马赛克现象”；同时提出了一种坡度分级数据边界线的提取方法。     

雷达干涉测量技术获取多分辨率山区高程模型

利用一组间隔仅为一天的高分辨雷达卫星COSMO-Skymed影像获取西部某山区4个不同分辨率（4m、10m、20m、50m）的数字高程模型（DEM）。由于西部高山空白区缺乏实测资料,所以以航天飞机雷达地形测绘（SRTM）为参考数字高程模型（DEM）并从其中获取较为可靠的足量地面控制点,从图像中选取高坡度、低坡度、低相干性三个区域,分别从坡度、相干性、分辨率三个方面,比较、分析山区DEM的精度。研究表明：利用合成孔径雷达干涉（InSAR）技术获取的与SRTMDEM基本一致;低坡度区域比高坡度区域的精度更高;相比于低坡度地区,高坡度地区的高程差值对分辨率的变化更为敏感;DEM分辨率越高,与SRTMDEM的差值就越大,与SRTMDEM本身的分辨率较小有关;对于低相干区域,其可靠性有待商榷,即使其50m分辨率的DEM与SRTMDEM也存在较大差距。     

数字坡度模型的形成及限定区域面积的坡度划分

由于不同坡度的土地其利用价值亦有很大的差异,故近年来,在自然资源开发中,对国土进行有效的规划和整治迫切需要有关地面的坡度信息,以适应国民经济建设的需要。本文研究用数字高程模型(DEM),在计算机控制下建立数字坡度模型(DSM),并在绘图桌上输出坡度图和示坡线图。阐述了数字坡度模型形成原理及限定区域面积的坡度划分。试验结果证明所采用的方法是可行的。     

第三次国土调查坡度分级图制作关键技术探讨

坡度信息是土地资源的重要属性,可为耕地质量评价、面积统计及生态修复治理等提供重要支持.本文在利用数字高程模型生成坡度信息的技术流程基础上,对其关键技术环节进行探讨,以便为优化技术流程提供支撑.     

一种面向地貌因子的光照模型

从理论和实验两个方面分析了数字地貌晕渲中Lambert漫反射光照模型和基于坡向光照模型的优缺点,讨论了其中的原因,据此提出一种面向坡度、坡向及高程的光照模型,利用一个坡度随高程逐渐变化的二十四棱锥体和两种不同特征的地形数据对该模型进行了实验,结果表明该模型能够有效克服Lambert漫反射光照模型和基于坡向光照模型的缺点。     

基于机载LiDAR点云数据构建复杂山区高精度DEM方法研究

为解决大范围复杂山区DEM生产困难的问题,提出利用机载LiDAR点云数据构建DEM.本文对机载LiDAR数据处理流程及其在复杂山区的具体应用进行分析,主要利用LiDAR数据处理软件对点云数据进行内业DEM生产并编辑最终得到符合项目要求的数字高程模型数据,结果证明该方法可行.     

应用数字高程模型进行耕地坡度分析方法研究

着重探讨应选择何种比例尺、等高距和网格尺寸的数字高程模型(DEM),采用何种计算方法才能达到耕地坡度分析的精度要求,为类似区域的耕地坡度分析提供经验。     

顾及地球重力场模型的GPS水准高程拟合

本文详细阐述了利用多项式和多面函数进行GPS水准高程拟合的方法,考虑了重力测量法和几何测量法确定GPS高程的优缺点,研究了利用已知地球重力场模型采用"移去恢复"进行高程拟合的方法,并根据实测数据进行了编程计算。通过计算结果的分析比较得出,在地形起伏较大的山区,采用顾及地球重力场模型的"移去恢复"法有助于提高GPS水准高程拟合的精度。     

一种从LIDAR数据提取城区DTM的方法

由机载激光扫描系统获取的点云数据,可以直接生成扫描区域的数字表面模型,但要想提取数字地面模型还须对点云数据进行分类处理。提出了一种获取数字地面模型的方法,其主要思路是利用原始的激光数据构建二维三角网,从而构建数字表面模型。通过分析数字表面模型的坡度进行初始的分割,剔出坡度较大的三角形。经过初步的分割之后,通过连通区域分析来获取每个分割区域的特征,提取出裸露地表高程,从而由点云数据构建出数字地面模型。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。