论四川盆地三叠系盐类热融水溶变质对找钾方向的控制

四川盆地蕴藏丰富的盐卤资源。从盆地海相三叠系盐类大量的热融、水溶变质资料 ,阐述了它对盆地三叠系找钾方向的控制 ,提出开辟富钾卤水———液态钾矿的找钾工作 ,是四川盆地至为重要的找钾新方向     

早白垩世宜君组的特征及意义

根据鄂尔多斯盆地最新区域地质调查成果,在原志丹群洛河组底部的一套黄绿、紫红、灰白及姜黄色砾岩、含砾砂岩及粉砂岩地层,厘定为白垩世志丹群底部的宜君组,不整合于中侏罗统安定组之上,其上与洛河组为整合接触。在鄂尔多斯盆地甄别出白垩世志丹群底部的宜君组的,对研究鄂尔多斯盆地的构造演化及寻找相关的沉积矿产有重要意义。     

西南极南设得兰群岛中新生代地层特征

南设得兰群岛是晚中生代以来古太平洋板块向南极板块俯冲消减过程中形成的,目前对整个群岛的地层特征及沉积演化无统一认识。通过归纳总结国内外研究成果,认为该群岛出露的地层具明显的时空规律。群岛主体的西南部出露上侏罗统-下白垩统,发育海底扇、深海、斜坡裙、扇三角洲等沉积相,相伴随的火山作用主要为钙碱性玄武岩和玄武安山岩的喷发,记录了弧前盆地-火山岛弧的演化过程;群岛主体的东北部主要出露上白垩统-下渐新统,其中上白垩统-始新统发育一套玄武质熔岩、火山碎屑-沉积岩建造,为温暖气候下的陆相沉积,火山活动具有岛弧拉斑玄武岩与钙碱性火山岩的过渡性质。渐新统-下中新统则记录了从间冰期正常海相到冰期冰海相沉积的转变过程。     

福建省泉州市第四纪沉积物粒度特征及沉积环境分析

对福建省泉州市钻孔,进行详细的第四纪沉积物粒度分析,同时结合地质背景、岩性等资料,得出了研究区第四纪以来沉积环境及其演变的认识。采用MS-2000型激光粒度分析仪进行测试,所测数据利用计算机整理,绘制出沉积物粒度频率曲线、概率累积曲线和粒度众数分布曲线图。根据曲线变化情况,进行沉积环境及其演变解释。区内第四纪沉积环境和沉积物的成因类型分为3个类型,晋江河道以冲积相为主,山前高地以洪冲积为主,盆地主体区域以海湾相为主。第四纪以来泉州盆地环境演化经历了:更新统中期龙海组洪积和洪冲积→更新统晚期东山组洪积和洪冲积→全新统长乐组海湾相沉积。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部下白垩统环河组铀成矿条件分析

在综合研究前人资料的基础上,从铀源、构造、岩性-岩相、后生蚀变、古水文地质、古气候等方面较系统地分析了鄂尔多斯盆地北部下白垩统环河组的铀成矿地质条件,认为盆地北部部分地段具备了较好的铀成矿地质条件,值得进一步开展工作。     

四川盆地西部富钾卤水水文地球化学特征及其成因意义探讨

四川盆地西部宫钾卤水以深层卤水形式赋存于地下４０００余ｍ的中三叠统雷口坡组四段（Ｔ２ｌ４）盐系的碳酸盐岩储层中。富钾卤水与海水不同浓缩阶段相比，其中含Ｋ＋含量异常高，构成液态钾矿资源；Ｂｒ－、Ｉ－、Ｂ（３＋）、Ｌｉ＋等稀有组分也远超过综合利用工业品位，为优质化工原料水。富钾卤水为沉积变质和钾盐溶滤的复合成因，具有固夜态找钾的指示意义。本文为四川盆地固液态找钾提供了有价值的线索。     

聚焦变化中的盐湖：二次科考盐湖专题总体方案设计与实现

青藏高原的隆升过程是一个长期的大地构造运动演化过程，是多个陆块从冈瓦纳裂解向北漂移在不同时间与欧亚碰撞的结果，羌塘盆地是我国重要的中生代成盐盆地，具有良好的成盐成钾条件，通过前期研究中依据室内海水蒸发实验模拟结果提出的多级盆地海水迁移变质成盐成钾模式，对羌塘地区开展找钾工作具有重要的指导意义。同时摸清盐湖资源中钾、锂、镁、硼关键元素的成矿、迁移和富集规律，对后端盐湖资源的科学保护与合理开发具有重要意义。并且尝试阐明水-岩-盐系统的资源关联性和资源元素迁移的“源-汇”地球化学过程。在盐湖的探索和开放同时做好重点盐湖开发地区的生态环境影响评价是构筑青藏高原生态安全屏障的重要组成内容和刚性需求，为生态环境保护前提下的盐湖资源开发提供了重要科学依据。通过该盐湖科学数据库功能的深度开发，构建科学数据共享平台。对青藏高原盐湖科学数据进行有效的梳理和科学管理。青藏高原是我国重要的生态屏障，也是重要的盐湖分布区。本次盐湖专题科考聚焦青藏高原盐湖，经过近三年的科考工作，获得了大量一手科考数据，将继续推动二次科考成果转化，探索盐湖的绿色高质量发展途径，为建设世界级盐湖产业基地助力。     

四川盆地下中三叠统异常水点水化学特征及探盐找钾预测研究

四川盆地下中三叠统盐卤分布广泛,是四川探盐找钾的重要时代。通过区域地质背景条件分析,其盐类保存、水动力条件和水化学特征在不同水文地质区表现不一,反映在储层的水型也极不一致,按水中阴、阳离子优势组分异常水点分为SO4-Ca、SO4-Na和Cl-Na3种类型。利用异常水点离子的比例系数在海水浓缩曲线图上的落点位置,判别水点成因类型,从而发现盆地东北部宣汉、盆地西部平落和盆地东部万县向斜周边背斜水点具含钾溶滤水特征,值得重视和进一步开展找钾探索。     

四川盆地下中三叠统盐系地层古地磁研究与成盐条件有关问题探讨

四川盆地下中三叠统嘉陵江组—雷口坡组(T1j-T2L)盐系地层蒸发岩发育,是我国海相碳酸盐岩沉积区探盐找钾的重要地区层位。现通过四川盆地下中三叠统盐系地层古地磁样品的系统采集和测试工作,首次在我国建立了古地磁磁性地层剖面,并根据测定结果,结合地质资料,探索了四川盆地下中三叠统(T1j-T2L)成盐古气候条件及其时代归属等有关问题。     

曲靖盆地地下水固有脆弱性评价

根据地下水在不同岩类中贮存形式、运移条件的不同及水动力特征的差异，曲靖盆地地下水分为孔隙水、裂隙水及岩溶水三大类型，盆地及其周缘有6个主要水文地质单元。采用美国EPA地下水脆弱性评价方法DRASTIC，根据水文地质实际调查及已有的曲靖盆地水文、地质等资料对该盆地地下水进行固有脆弱性评价。得出曲靖盆地地下水脆弱性主要为中等、较高；并圈出了地下水易于污染的高风险区。该结果对曲靖市的土地开发利用和城市规划有借鉴意义。     

Relationships between tectonic activity and sedimentary source-to-sink system parameters in a lacustrine rift basin: A quantitative case study of the Huanghekou Depression (Bohai Bay Basin,E China)

Lacustrine rift basins commonly preserve a fairly complete record of the sediment source-to-sink (S2S) system, and consequently may form an ideal natural laboratory for establishing quantitative relationships between the various elements within the S2S system. The tectonic-activity rate in the source (e.g., fault-growth rate and fault-activity rate), accommodation space and depositional system in the sink (e.g., areal extent and volume, as well as the depositional dip of the fan- and braid-deltas) are genetically related and their quantitative correlations are explored. The Palaeogene succession on the southwestern margin of the Huanghekou Depressionin the Bohai Bay Basin, one of the largest lacustrine rift basins in eastern China, was chosen to study these relationships, using 3-D seismic, core and well-log data. The tectonic activity was strongly related to the sediment supply, accommodation space and morphology of the sink area. Three different rates of tectonic activity are identified; these led to changes in the basic features of the S2S system that influenced each other. In Members 4 and 3 (lower unit) of the Shahejie Fm. (40.44–44.7 Ma), strong tectonic activity led to significant uplift, resulting in the widest exposure of the provenance area to erosion, to a high sediment-supply rate, to a steep slope and to a large accommodation space which controlled the development of several fan-deltas with steep progradational angles. In Member 3 (upper unit) of Shahejie Fm. (37.89–40.44 Ma) and Member 3 of Dongying Fm. (30.2–33.28 Ma), decreased tectonic activity led to slower uplifting, resulting in a wider alluvial plain, longer transport distances, a lower sediment-supply rate and less accommodation space, so that braid-deltas with larger volumes and a gentler slope developed; In Members 1 and 2 of Shahejie Fm. (33.28–37.89 Ma) and Member 2 of Dongying Fm. (26.71–30.2 Ma), still further decreasing tectonic activity led to a still lower sediment-supply rate, a more gentle depositional slope, less accommodation space, and the development of several braid-deltas with a gentle angle. The quantitative relationships established here advance our understanding of the relationships within lacustrine source-to-sink systems, especially for tectonically controlled rift basins.     

Tectonic and climatic control on the Late Messinian sedimentary evolution of the Nijar Basin (Betic Cordillera,Southern Spain)

The Late Messinian fill of the Nijar Basin (Betic Cordillera, southeastern Spain) mainly consists of clastic deposits of the Feos Formation that at basin margins rest unconformably above the primary evaporites of the Yesares Formation, the local equivalent of the Mediterranean Lower Gypsum. The Feos Fm. records the upward transition towards non‐marine environments before the abrupt return to fully marine conditions at the base of the Pliocene. The Feos Fm. is clearly two‐phase, with ‘lower’ and ‘upper’ members, which exhibit substantial differences in terms of facies, thickness, depositional trends and cyclical organization. These members record two distinct sedimentary and tectonic stages of Nijar Basin infilling. A high‐resolution, physical‐stratigraphic framework is proposed based on key beds and stratigraphic cyclicity and patterns that differ largely from those of most previously published studies. The predominant influence on stratigraphic cyclicity is interpreted to be precessionally driven climate changes, allowing their correlation to the Late Messinian astronomically calibrated chronostratigraphic framework. Detailed correlations suggest a phase of enhanced tectonic activity, possibly related to the Serrata‐Carboneras strike‐slip fault zone, during the first stage (‘lower’ member), resulting in a strongly articulated topography with structural lows and highs controlling sediment thickness and facies variation. Tectonic activity decreased during the second stage (‘upper’ member), which is characterized by (1) a progressively dampened and homogenized, (2) overall relative base‐level rise and (3) gradual establishment of hypohaline environments. Facies characteristics, overall stacking patterns and depositional trends of the Feos Fm. are analogous with uppermost Messinian successions of the Northern Apennines, Piedmont Basin and Calabria. Despite minor differences related to the local geodynamic setting, these basins experienced a common Late Messinian history that supports the development of a single, large Mediterranean water body characterized by high‐frequency, climatically‐driven changes in sediment flux and base‐level.     

FACILITATING REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INTEGRATED MULTI-OBJECTIVE UTILIZATION, MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE LANCANG-MEKONG RIVER BASIN

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A Petroleum System for the Salina Basin in Kansas Based on Organic Geochemistry and Geologic Analog

The Salina Basin historically has been an exploration desert—a home of dryholes. Although this basin, which underlies much of north-central Kansas, may never be a prolific source of hydrocarbons, recent research into the maturation and geochemistry of organic matter and oils in Kansas can provide guidelines for a new exploration strategy. The Salina Basin is similar to the oil-productive Forest City Basin in northeastern Kansas in many ways. Both basins originated as a single large basin (i.e., the North Kansas Basin) prior to the rise of the Nemaha Uplift in Late Mississippian-Early Pennsylvanian time. Their Paleozoic stratigraphy thus is similar and the axes of both basins are presently at approximately the same depth. Thermal maturation modeling and available organic-matter maturation data indicate that the lower Paleozoic rocks in the axes of both basins are in the early stages of oil generation. In the Forest City Basin the Ordovician Simpson Group is the deepest known hydrocarbon source-rock—oil-reservoir interval, and by analogy, exploration tests in the Salina Basin, at a minimum, should penetrate through this stratigraphic interval. Ordovician Simpson Group shales in the Forest City Basin are the source rocks for a geochemically distinct oil, which also occurs in Ordovician reservoirs in the extreme southern end of the Salina Basin. To increase the odds of success in an exploration program in the Salina Basin, wildcat wells should be drilled where thermal maturation is greatest. The broad NW–SE-trending basin axis is the most logical area. Exploration tests along this axis in the northern end of the basin may have an extra advantage as organic matter in the Simpson Group may be more thermally mature because of greater burial depth during the Cretaceous. Along the eastern margin of the nearby Central Kansas Uplift and Pratt Anticline, several Paleozoic geologic structures, some of which contain major oil fields, are attributable to tectonic reactivation along the western margin of the Precambrian Central North American Rift System (CNARS). Prospective structural trends in the Paleozoic section of the Salina Basin are anticipated to be associated with this underlying tectonic boundary. The western margin of the CNARS trends NNE–SSW where it passes under the axis of the Salina Basin in northeastern Lincoln and southeastern Mitchell counties. This area is sparsely drilled, with less than two tests per township. If an exploration program can define lower Paleozoic structural closures in this region, these structures may represent the best chance for future petroleum discoveries.     

泥沙输移比影响因子及其关系模型 研究现状与评述

泥沙输移比是目前预测流域产沙量的一种较实用的方法,本文介绍了国内外泥沙输移比研究的主要成果。分析并总结了泥沙输移比与流域面积、降雨／径流、地质地貌及泥沙颗粒因子之间的影响关系及其关系模型。最后,结合我国泥沙输移比研究的实际情况,提出了我国今后一定时期内在泥沙输移比研究方面的发展设想。     

“水资源域”概念在美国五大湖的应用(英文)

"水资源域"为在某一时段向河口或某一地点,传送水、水中营养物、泥沙或其它物质的空间范围。这一新概念与"流域"概念既相似又不同:1)流域边界以地貌特征来确定,相对稳定。而水资源域的边界以水文事件中的水和物质传播范围来确定,随时空而变化;2)流域强调给定空间范围内水和物质的时间分布,而水资源域强调水和物质随时间和空间二者相互变化的动态分布;3)水资源域综合考虑了不同尺度的时空即时变化对水资源及物质传播的影响。这一新概念应用遥感、空间分析、追踪及模拟技术分析流域空间模式与过程,为水资源探索、分析、模拟及预测提供了一种全新的方法与途径。该文以美国伊利湖茅密河为例,应用分布式大流域模型计算了水资源域的分布。     

Salt tectonics in an intracontinental transform setting: Cumberland and Sackville basins,southern New Brunswick,Canada

Salt tectonics have markedly influenced the rapid evolution of the Upper Palaeozoic Cumberland Basin of Atlantic Canada, including the ca. 5 km‐thick Mississippian – Pennsylvanian stratigraphic succession exposed along the UNESCO World Heritage coastline at Joggins, Nova Scotia. A diapiric salt wall is exposed in the Minudie Anticline to the north of the Joggins section on the Maringouin Peninsula of New Brunswick, which corresponds to the fault‐bounded northern margin of the Cumberland Basin. The salt wall is of Visean evaporites of the Windsor Gp that originally were buried by red‐beds of the Mabou Gp in the Serpukhovian, and later by fluvial and floodplain strata (Boss Point Fm, Cumberland Gp) in the Yeadonian (mid‐Bashkirian, Early Pennsylvanian). Folds and faults in the Boss Point and overlying basal Little River formations are truncated by an angular unconformity at the base of overlying red‐beds of the Grande Anse Fm. Re‐evaluation of the palynological data delimits the Grande Anse Fm as Langsettian, providing a tight constraint of less than 2 myr on the timing of deformation. Diversion of palaeoflows by the rising salt structure, noted in previous work on the upper Boss Point Fm, occurs to the north of the diapiric anticline. This is interpreted to signify the development of a mini‐basin on commencement of diapirism once a ~1.5 km‐thick succession of clastic strata had buried the salt. Faults and folds in the succession below the unconformity indicate an initial phase of dextral transpressive strike‐slip motion, which may have promoted halokinesis. Reverse faults indicate shortening associated with northward development and overturn of the Minudie Anticline during transpression; subsequent normal faulting was associated with collapse of the sediment pile and underlying salt structure.     

民勤盆地东北部晚第四纪深湖亚相地层空间分布及其环境意义

民勤盆地位于石羊河下游,现今大面积地区已被风沙覆盖.前人的研究报道了在民勤盆地的东部曾经发育过一个面积巨大的"腾格里古大湖",然而尚不明确民勤盆地是否也曾被湖水覆盖.为此,本文收集整理了民勤盆地中8个水文地质钻孔的地层资料,利用GIS技术重现了研究区地表以下50 m深度内的湖相地层的空间分布特征.分析发现,在盆地的不同地区普遍发育了2~3层深湖亚相地层,部分地区甚至多达4层,各湖相层厚度介于0.5~32 m.区域地层对比结果显示,在某个时段研究区大范围地区普遍发育了深水湖泊,而其他时段则在不同地区零星发育了小湖泊.结合研究区已有的测年资料,本文认为在晚第四纪某个时段(倒数第二层深湖亚相发育阶段),整个研究区内曾经存在一个规模较大的连通湖泊;但民勤盆地晚第四纪不同阶段深湖亚相地层差异明显的空间分布特征,可能反映了湖盆沉积中心自东向西、再向北东的迁移过程.     

黄河流域的综合治理与可持续发展

黄河流域与黄河所经地区在国家发展中具有极为重要的战略地位。2019年9月习近平总书记在郑州主持召开黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展座谈会上发表了重要讲话,具有重大战略意义。本文对黄河流域的综合治理与可持续发展形成了初步认识,指出新时代黄河流域全面深刻转型发展的任务仍然艰巨,需转变理念,持续推进能源清洁高效利用,因地制宜重点推进产业发展,不搞粗放式大开发,搞好资源耕地保护等方面应是推进黄河流域综合治理及保障可持续发展的重要举措,认为“黄河经济带”在全国经济层面上不存在,目前不适宜将“黄河三角洲”确定为国家战略。