乌兹别克斯坦Almalyk斑岩铜矿田成矿时代及其地质意义

新疆西天山斑岩铜矿找矿勘查备受关注。乌兹别克斯坦Almalyk斑岩铜矿田处在西天山西段,铜矿规模属亚洲第二大,但其成矿时代还没有准确厘定。在区域地质构造中,Almalyk铜矿田位于中天山加里东—华力西褶皱带南部边缘,包括Kalmakyr、Dalneye、Sarcheku和Kyzata等4个铜矿床,铜成矿主要发生在斑岩体内,原生矿石呈网脉状、浸染状,金属矿物主要有黄铁矿、黄铜矿,辉钼矿、赤铁矿、磁铁矿、自然金、斑铜矿等。针对Sarcheku铜钼矿石中辉钼矿利用Re-Os法测得(320.4±2.3)Ma的模式年龄和(317.6±2.5)Ma的等时线年龄。结合岩浆建造序列,认为矿田内构造—岩浆—热液过程开始于早石炭世,发展于晚石炭世,结束于早二叠世,斑岩型铜成矿主要在晚石炭世。西天山包括Almalyk铜矿田在内大型—超大型斑岩型铜成矿作用主要在中泥盆—晚石炭世(D2—C2),与古亚洲洋壳向哈萨克斯坦—伊犁板块之下俯冲形成的复杂岛弧岩浆地质过程有关。     

新疆天山斑岩铜钼矿地质特征、时空分布及其成矿地球动力学演化

在前人研究成果的基础上,笔者等通过对新疆天山斑岩铜钼矿床(点)野外观察和室内岩矿测试分析,全面总结整个新疆天山斑岩铜钼矿地质特征和时空分布规律。通过对新疆天山斑岩铜钼矿成矿地球动力学演化探讨,认为西天山地区的喇嘛苏中型铜锌矿、达巴特小型铜钼矿、冬吐劲小型铜钼矿、莱历思高尔小型铜钼矿和肯登高尔小型铜钼矿分布在别珍套—科古琴晚古生代岛弧带,其成矿作用主要与晚古生代巴音沟洋板块向南俯冲作用有关;东天山地区的土屋—延东大型铜钼矿、灵龙小型铜钼矿和赤湖小型铜钼矿分布在大南湖—头苏泉晚古生代岛弧带,成矿作用主要与晚古生代康古尔塔格洋板块向北俯冲作用有关。三岔口小型铜钼矿和白山中型钼铼矿尽管分布在阿奇山—雅满苏晚古生代岛弧带,但其成矿作用分别与二叠纪和三叠纪的板内伸展—岩浆活化作用有关。     

乌兹别克斯坦Almalyk斑岩铜矿田成矿时代及其地质意义

新疆西天山斑岩铜矿找矿勘查备受关注。乌兹别克斯坦Almalyk斑岩铜矿田处在西天山西段,铜矿规模属亚洲第二大,但其成矿时代还没有准确厘定。在区域地质构造中,Almalyk铜矿田位于中天山加里东—华力西褶皱带南部边缘,包括Kalmakyr、Dalneye、Sarcheku和Kyzata等4个铜矿床,铜成矿主要发生在斑岩体内,原生矿石呈网脉状、浸染状,金属矿物主要有黄铁矿、黄铜矿,辉钼矿、赤铁矿、磁铁矿、自然金、斑铜矿等。针对Sarcheku铜钼矿石中辉钼矿利用Re-Os法测得(320.4±2.3)Ma的模式年龄和(317.6±2.5)Ma的等时线年龄。结合岩浆建造序列,认为矿田内构造—岩浆—热液过程开始于早石炭世,发展于晚石炭世,结束于早二叠世,斑岩型铜成矿主要在晚石炭世。西天山包括Almalyk铜矿田在内大型—超大型斑岩型铜成矿作用主要在中泥盆—晚石炭世(D2—C2),与古亚洲洋壳向哈萨克斯坦—伊犁板块之下俯冲形成的复杂岛弧岩浆地质过程有关。     

新疆东天山地区延西铜矿床的地球化学、成矿年代学及其地质意义

延西铜矿床位于新疆东天山觉罗塔格地区北部的哈尔里克-大南湖岛弧带内,是延东-土屋斑岩型成矿带的西延部分。矿床的赋矿地层主要为石炭系企鹅山群,被含矿斜长花岗斑岩侵入。矿床中的主要岩石类型为安山岩、闪长玢岩以及斜长花岗斑岩,安山岩和闪长玢岩具有同源性及岛弧火山岩的特点,是主要的赋矿围岩;斜长花岗斑岩具有埃达克质岩石的特征,与成矿作用直接相关,其形成晚于安山岩、闪长玢岩。本文测得延西铜矿床辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为326.2±4.5Ma,可以代表其成矿年龄,与土屋-延东铜矿床322.7±2.3Ma的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄基本相同;包括延西铜矿床在内的土屋-延东斑岩型铜矿带成矿时代与成岩时代基本一致或稍晚。延西铜矿床具有斑岩型铜矿床的矿化和围岩蚀变特征,与土屋-延东斑岩型铜矿带内其它矿床均为中石炭世同源岩浆演化的产物,具有相似的成矿作用过程,成矿物质均为岩浆来源,这些矿床可能为同一岩浆活动在不同部位发生矿化的产物。延西铜矿床以及土屋-延东斑岩型铜矿带形成于东天山觉罗塔格地区晚古生代的挤压岛弧背景,应与哈尔里克-大南湖晚古生代岛弧的形成相伴,可能与康古尔塔格大洋板块向北部哈尔里克-大南湖岛弧的俯冲有关。     

巴尔喀什成矿带Cu-Mo-W矿床的辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄测定及其地质意义

巴尔喀什成矿带是世界著名的中亚成矿域斑岩型铜钼成矿带,产出许多斑岩型铜钼矿床和一些石英脉-云英岩型钨钼矿床。中亚成矿域可能是一个多核成矿系统,具有以走滑断裂为边界构成的断裂构造体系并受之控制。本文对巴尔喀什成矿带巴尔喀什—阿克沙套地区11件辉钼矿样品进行了Re-Os同位素分析,得到博尔雷大型斑岩型铜(钼)矿床和东科翁腊德、扎涅特、阿克沙套石英脉-云英岩型钨钼矿床的辉钼矿模式年龄(平均值)分别为315.9Ma、298.0Ma、295.0Ma和289.3Ma;其中,东科温腊德、阿克沙套和扎涅特等3个矿床的Re-Os等时线年龄为297.9-+30..949Ma,MSWD值为0.97。辉钼矿Re-Os年龄说明巴尔喀什成矿带Cu-Mo-W成矿作用发生在315.9～289.3Ma期间,Cu-Mo-W矿床的形成可分为两期:一期为斑岩型铜钼矿床,约形成于315.9Ma;另一期为石英脉-云英岩型钨钼矿床,约形成于297.9Ma。根据辉钼矿模式年龄和等时线年龄,推测该地区花岗斑岩和伟晶岩的形成时代与相应的矿床基本同时,均为晚石炭世,属海西期构造岩浆活动的产物。通过与我国境内西、东准噶尔和东天山斑岩铜矿带的对比表明,巴尔喀什成矿带铜钼成矿作用的年龄介于东天山土屋—延东斑岩铜矿与西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿之间。分析表明,中亚成矿域大规模斑岩型铜钼成矿作用集中在晚石炭世,属海西晚期构造-岩浆活动的产物。     

滇西北红山铜钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年及其成矿意义

红山铜钼矿床是义敦岛弧南端格咱火山-岩浆弧中已探明规模最大的夕卡岩型铜矿床,近年来在其深部勘探过程中又发现斑岩型铜钼矿体.利用辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年技术,分别对红山铜钼矿床中5件夕卡岩型矿石和1件斑岩型矿石中辉钼矿进行定年,首次获得红山铜钼矿床高精度成矿年龄.夕卡岩型矿石中辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为77.90 ～ 81.05Ma,加权平均值为79.32±0.87Ma,斑岩型矿石中辉钼矿模式年龄为80.71Ma,两者在误差范围内相一致;6件样品辉钼矿等时线年龄为80.0±1.8Ma,代表了红山铜钼矿床的成矿时代.辉钼矿中Re的含量为(4.074±0.035) ×l0-6～(94.21±0.75)×10-6,指示其物质来源以壳源为主,有少量幔源物质混入.红山铜钼矿床与格咱火山-岩浆弧燕山晚期岩浆侵入作用的高峰期及相关斑岩-夕卡岩型多金属矿床的成矿年龄一致,表明它们是弧陆碰撞的后造山伸展背景下同一区域地质事件的产物,该期夕卡岩-斑岩型铜钼多金属具有较大成矿潜力.     

内蒙古额尔古纳地区八大关铜钼矿床流体包裹体特征与成矿时代

八大关铜钼矿床为内蒙古额尔古纳地区发现较早但研究程度较低的典型斑岩型矿床。为确定其成矿机制、形成时代和构造背景,对主成矿阶段矿石脉石英中的流体包裹体开展了岩相学、显微测温、气相组分的激光拉曼光谱分析,利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法和辉钼矿Re-Os法分别测定了成矿石英闪长斑岩体和铜钼矿石的同位素年龄。结果表明：八大关铜钼矿床成矿流体为中高温、中低盐度、中低密度的NaCl-H₂O-CO₂±CH₄流体体系,流体的沸腾作用是矿床形成的重要机制;成矿石英闪长斑岩体的锆石U-Pb同位素年龄的加权平均值为（217.6±2.6）Ma,矿石中辉钼矿的Re-Os模式年龄为（222.4±3.3）Ma,因此八大关矿床的成岩成矿作用发生于晚三叠世。综合本文获得的成岩成矿年龄及前人在区域构造演化方面的研究资料认为,八大关矿床形成于与洋壳俯冲有关的活动大陆边缘构造背景,与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋向南俯冲所引起的构造-岩浆活动具有密切的成因联系。     

西藏冈底斯矿带成矿作用及远景分析

冈底斯带矿床众多,类型复杂,主要有斑岩型铜（金钼）矿床、矽卡岩型铁铜-铅-锌（银）矿床、层控铅-锌-银矿床、火山岩型金-银矿床及雄村式铜-金矿床。矿床地质特征和同位素年龄表明,冈底斯带南部的矿床与新特提斯洋壳向北俯冲-陆陆碰撞及碰撞期后的构造岩浆事件有关;冈底斯带北部的矿床与班公湖-怒江洋壳向南俯冲-陆陆碰撞及碰撞期后构造岩浆事件有关。冈底斯带与洋壳的俯冲-碰撞有关的岩浆活动强烈,成矿条件优越。西藏高原在碰撞后发生了快速抬升剥蚀,部分矿床顶部出现低温组合矿化,多数矿床保存良好。     

黑龙江多宝山斑岩Cu-Mo矿床成岩成矿时代研究

多宝山斑岩型铜(钼)矿床是中国东北地区重要的斑岩型铜(钼)矿床,文章对矿区主要成矿岩体及辉钼矿样品进行了系统的成岩成矿年代学研究。对成矿岩体采用高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得成矿母岩花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(474.8±4.7) Ma,矿体寄主岩石花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(478.1±4.1) Ma,以及矿体外围黑云母花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(483.9±4.5) Ma;矿体辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素模式年龄加权平均值为(475.1±5.1) Ma。测年结果显示,多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床形成于早奥陶世。结合含矿地层、矿区岩石组合特征,以及前人研究的岩石地球化学特征,推测多宝山矿床形成于早奥陶世与板块俯冲有关的岛弧环境,说明在区域上寻找类似多宝山的斑岩铜矿应沿早奥陶世多宝山-伊尔斯岩浆岛弧带开展。     

滇中老街子Pb-Ag多金属矿床的成矿时代及成矿动力学背景探讨：来自硫化物Re-Os同位素证据

滇中老街子Pb-Ag多金属矿床位于红河-哀牢山新生代富碱斑岩带的中段,是与富碱火山-岩浆热液密切相关的典型矿床。首次在该矿床深部发现70m宽的高Cu-Mo异常黄铁矿化蚀变正长斑岩和黄铁矿-辉钼矿矿脉(2073中段3#穿脉),认为该矿床深部存在明显的富碱斑岩-岩浆热液型铜-钼矿化叠加成矿作用。本文选取深部坑道内的辉钼矿-黄铁矿脉、黄铁矿-方铅矿脉和高Cu-Mo异常黄铁矿化蚀变正长斑岩进行辉钼矿-黄铁矿Re-Os同位素成矿年代研究,获得了辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄33.71±0.29Ma和加权平均值年龄33.99±0.22Ma,说明滇中老街子斑岩型铜-钼成矿作用时代为渐新世,与Cu-Mo异常黄铁矿化蚀变正长斑岩成岩年龄一致。黄铁矿的初始Os比值(0.3049~1.5549)及其γOs值(140.5~1126)指示老街子Pb-Ag多金属矿床金属成矿物质主要来源于壳幔相互作用而形成的岩浆。老街子Pb-Ag多金属矿床成岩成矿年龄和区域上富碱斑岩-岩浆热液型多金属矿床成岩成矿年龄(30~40Ma)大致相当,表明印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞期后,构造应力场发生转变形成大规模区域左行走滑断裂系统,在稳定块体内部诱发壳幔过渡层发生部分熔融形成富碱岩浆和成矿流体,成矿流体沿着构造薄弱部位形成富碱斑岩-岩浆热液型多金属矿床。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of