深部地质钻探钻柱失效行为分析

国家的“三深一土”规划确定全面开展深地探测,而在深地探测中钻柱是最重要的连接纽带,其长期在充满钻井液的井眼内工作,受力十分复杂,且受腐蚀、磨损、温度等影响,极易发生钻柱失效事故,造成重大经济损失。研究发现,振动是引起钻柱失效的主要原因,但是深部地质钻探中除了振动引起钻柱失效外,还包括钻柱质量因素、人为因素、钻井质量、套管下入因素、测斜因素以及钻井液因素引起的钻柱失效,本文针对这些影响因素提出了对应的预防措施。同时随着地质钻探井深的不断加深,地质钻探钻柱动力学研究会变得越来越重要,这就需要地质钻探人员在充分考虑地质钻探钻柱失效影响因素的前提下,加大对地质钻探钻柱动力学的研究,以更好地保证深部地质钻探的顺利进行。     

南岭科学钻探第一孔选址研究

赣南银坑矿田作为中国深部探测实验研究在南岭成矿带的首批示范区,以探索深部矿产资源成矿规律为主要目标,先后开展了地质实测剖面、地球化学测量、矿田构造、岩浆活动、典型矿床和综合地球物理探测研究,认识到矿田内中高温热液型钨多金属矿床和中低温金银铅锌铜贵多金属矿床分带性在二维平面空间内的存在。通过区内岩浆活动与典型矿床研究,发现两类矿床的形成在时间、空间、物质来源和成矿作用方面分别与燕山早期的两套岩浆活动密切相关,建立了精确的成岩成矿年代学格架,确立了两类矿床在时空三维上存在着成因联系。应用高精度重磁面积测量和骨干剖面的大地电磁、反射地震和CSAMT/AMT等探测方法,开展了综合地球物理探测研究,初步探明了区内地层-岩体-构造的深部结构,为南岭科学钻探选址(SP-NLSD-1)提供了科学依据。南岭科学钻探旨在揭示南岭与武夷成矿带交汇部二层结构的成矿作用,探索南岭地区时空四维成矿规律。     

深部找矿钻探技术探讨

随着矿产资源的不断勘探和开采,浅部矿产资源已开采殆尽,深部找矿已经是我国地质找矿事业的发展方向,而深部钻探技术是深部找矿的主要技术手段。在阐述国内外深部地质钻探技术现状的基础上,分析了我国深部钻探技术面临的井身结构较复杂、岩心钻机提升能力受限钻孔易斜和钻进效率低等难题,提出了优化简配石油钻机设施、上覆地层快速全面钻进、配套绳索取心工艺技术和实施定向钻探技术等对策,为深部找矿钻探指出了方向。结合ZJ40钻机施工慈页1井成功实例,说明了深部钻探技术在实践的应用。     

国际大洋钻探计划研究方向与钻探目标

从地球环境动力学和地球内部动力学２个方面介绍国际大洋钻探计划研究方向与钻探目标,前者主要试图了解地球气候变化历史与规律、海平面变化的原因与影响以及通过沉积物、液体和细菌等研究了解全球碳循环、气水合物形成和深海生物资源等重要问题;后者主要试图探测地球深部热与物质的转换、调查岩石圈变形与地震形成过程。同时,也介绍了ＯＤＰ提出的３个挑战性项目,即自然气候变化和气候剧变原因、地质过程的现场监测和大陆边缘与洋壳深部结构探测。     

国际大陆科学钻探（ICDP）进展

直接进入地球内部观察研究地球的成分、结构构造和各种地质作用是人类的长期梦想,就目前人类的科学技术条件,人们还不可能直接钻入地下进行实地取样与观察。科学钻探是获取地球深部物质、了解地球内部信息的最直接、最有效、最可靠的方法。国际大陆科学钻探计划成立以来,已经在许多领域取得了重要成果,发表了大量的文章。本文对科学钻探的发展过程、大陆科学钻探的意义、国际大陆科学钻探委员会成立的背景与建立过程、组织结构、立项程序、立项准则以及研究领域做了简要概述。对国际大陆科学钻探近年来在气候变化与全球环境、陨石撞击坑及撞击过程研究、地球生物圈、火山系统和热流机制、地幔柱和大洋裂谷、活动断裂、汇聚板块边界和碰撞带、自然资源等主要研究领域的重要进展做了综述,重点介绍了日本的云仙火山钻探项目、美国夏威夷火山科学钻探和圣安德列斯断裂深部观测计划的主要进展。概括和总结了中国实施的3个国际大陆科学钻探项目所取得的成果进展和中国的大陆科学钻探事业近期的主要活动。     

新世纪的大洋钻探

较为详细地介绍了大洋钻探计划（ODP）的科学目标，研究主题及其重要的科学意义，大洋钻探计划是当今举世瞩目的国际性海洋科学研究计划，其前身深海钻探计划（DSDP）孕育了20世纪70年代的地学革命,为“新全球构造理论”－－板块构造学说的发展提供了关键性的证据。自1985年开始的ODP成功地探查了地质历史演化中塑造我们这颗星球并决定了其现今环境状态的各种地质过程，揭示了控制地壳形成，海洋化学，海洋的深部和表面循环的各种地质以及生物圈和环境物理化学间相互作用的复杂性，DSDP和ODP的成功为实施新世纪海洋钻探－综合海洋钻探项目（IODP）的目标铺平了道路，IODP是在21世纪初即将实施的新的大洋钻探计划。     

深部科学钻探钻杆接头优化措施

地球深部探测对提高我国勘探开发深部资源能力和深部地质研究水平及地位是不可或缺的,深部科学钻探是唯一准确地获取深地实物资料的工程方法。钻杆柱作为深部科学钻探技术的核心与关键,其管柱规格组合与钻杆接头选配决定着钻杆在平衡其自重后的剩余强度和应付孔内复杂情况的能力,尤其是作为连接各钻杆柱短节的钻杆接头的性能直接决定着钻杆柱的使用极限深度。本文从产品类型、结构特点等方面对国内外高性能石油钻杆接头进行了梳理,分析了现有钻杆接头存在的不足与失效的原因,提出了钻杆接头结构改进方案,对提高钻杆柱的可靠性与安全性,延长钻杆使用寿命,使其更好地应用于深部科学钻探,具有一定的科学意义与工程价值。     

我国地质钻探现状和发展前景分析

我国经济社会发展已步入“新常态”。作为地质调查和矿产勘查工作重要技术支撑的地质钻探行业,资金投入显著减少,地质钻探工作量大幅下滑,常规钻探施工产能过剩;另一方面,地质钻探新的服务领域不断扩大,包括深部科学钻探,地热能及非常规能源勘查,海洋、灾害防治、生态环境、地外天体、极地方面的钻探等。如何应对地勘行业出现的问题,是全行业共同面对的挑战。在对当前及今后一段时期地质钻探工程面临的困难、挑战和机遇等进行调研分析的基础上,对我国地质钻探未来的发展前景进行了预测,认为地质钻探工作量将进一步减少,新领域、新业态的钻探工程及先进钻探技术和装备需求将进一步加大,更加贴近国家需求,更加注重环保理念。     

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目深孔取心钻探设备的研制与应用

深孔取心钻探设备是为满足汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目（WFSD）3000m深部取心钻探需要而自主研制的我国首套科学钻探专用设备,包括KZ3000型全液压钻机以及深部钻探配套用高压泥浆泵和钻杆钻具等。该套设备集全液压、高速顶驱、大口径、深部取心于一身,具有综合能力强、工艺适应性广、操控智能程度高等特点,在WFSD-2孔深部取心钻探中,各项功能满足设计要求,应用情况良好。该套设备作为我国深部钻探装备的阶段性创新成果,在科学钻探、深部找矿和浅层油气钻采中,具有一定的推广价值。     

关于举办深部地质钻探技术培训交流会的通知

为了进一步提高地质调查高新技术使用效率和水平,应用推广自主研发的设备仪器,使先进的钻探设备技术、仪器、器具、工艺方法更为广泛应用,并配合科学超深井钻探技术方案预研究,依据中国地质调查局2010年培训计划要求,拟于2010年7月4—9日在安徽省黄山市举办深部地质钻探技术培训交流会。会议有关事项如下：     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an