内蒙古锡林浩特毛登牧场早石炭世花岗岩锆石U Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

通过对内蒙古锡林浩特毛登牧场早石炭世花岗岩体进行野外观察、LA ICP MS锆石U Pb测年以及地球化学测试,讨论其构造环境,进一步为研究古亚洲洋闭合时限提供依据。测年结果表明：花岗闪长岩为(3306±18) Ma,二长花岗岩为(3277±26) Ma,成岩时代为早石炭世。岩石地球化学分析表明:花岗闪长岩为强过铝质、钙碱性系列岩石,具有活动大陆边缘的亲缘性特征。微量元素特征指示花岗闪长岩具有典型下地壳来源特征并伴有部分幔源岩浆混合作用,为弧岩浆岩。二长花岗岩为具高硅、富碱、相对低铝特征的高钾钙碱性系列岩石。两类差异明显的岩石稀土配分曲线表明二长花岗岩具有下地壳岩浆重熔的演化特征。微量元素特征指示样品为大陆弧环境下壳源重熔的成熟弧花岗岩。构造判别图显示花岗闪长岩为代表活动大陆边缘环境的I型花岗岩,而二长花岗岩则为指示活动大陆边缘弧后伸展环境的A2型花岗岩,二者构成I－A型复合岩体,说明研究区在早石炭世仍存在古亚洲洋向西伯利亚板块的俯冲作用,推测古亚洲洋此时尚未闭合。     

新疆东昆仑月牙沙地区晚三叠世鄂拉山组火山岩特征

叙述了新疆东昆仑月牙沙地区晚三叠世鄂拉山组火山岩大地构造背景和地质概况,与其它地层接触关系特征,开展了岩石学特征和岩石化学特征研究,对鄂拉山组火山岩构造环境进行了分析,为形成于活动大陆边缘岛弧相中基性火山岩。     

新疆尼勒克县松湖铁矿火山岩地质特征

松湖铁矿主要产于下石炭统大哈拉军山组二段火山岩地层中,经勘探,该矿床深部仍有资源潜力。笔者根据松湖铁矿区火山岩地层及岩相、岩石地球化学特征、年代、岩石成因与构造环境四个方面特征进行分析,最终认定该区火山岩属于海相近火山口爆发相;火山岩属亚碱性--碱性系列,亚碱性系列的岩石呈钙碱性系列,具有火山弧型岩石地球化学特征,形成于大陆型岛弧或活动大陆边缘构造环境;其谐和年龄为343.2±2Ma,形成时间为早石炭世维宪期。     

新疆科古琴山晚石炭世火山岩及其地质意义

分布于新疆中天山西段科古琴山一带的中酸性火山岩,是晚石炭世构造-岩浆喷发活动的产物,反映该区一次重要的构造-火山地质事件.对其岩石及地球化学特征研究表明,该火山喷发活动形成于活动陆缘构造环境,具有大陆裂谷火山岩系和岛弧火山岩双重特征,属较为典型"滞后型"弧火山岩.     

识别洋陆转换的岩石学思路——洋内弧与初始俯冲的识别

阐述了洋陆转化形成的洋内弧与初始弧的岩石组合序列及其地球化学特征,提出岩浆弧是由洋陆转化以及底侵的壳幔转化共同作用形成的认识,前弧环境是洋陆转化形成初生大陆的场所,由特征的类似洋中脊的洋内弧前弧玄武岩类构成。大陆的形成过程如下:从地幔中生长出洋壳,从洋壳中的洋陆转化生长出不成熟的弧陆壳,最后从弧陆壳底侵的壳幔转化中长出成熟的陆壳。这样,地壳的生长和形成主要通过岩浆增生作用来实现。     

新疆塔什库尔干岩群变质岩原岩及产出构造环境研究

新疆塔吐鲁沟地区大地构造位置属羌塘—三江造山系的塔什库尔干—甜水海陆块。塔什库尔干岩群构成了本区元古代结晶基底,主要为1套由区域变质作用形成的高绿片岩相-低角闪岩相变质岩系,其原岩和产出构造背景尚不明确。岩石学特征及岩石地球化学特征等研究表明,其原岩为1套正常沉积的碎屑岩夹基性-中酸性火山岩及碳酸盐岩建造,形成于板块拉张阶段的大陆裂谷、弧后盆地和稳定陆缘构造环境,分别反映了大陆裂解、洋壳形成及洋壳稳定伸展的大地构造背景,有助于进一步认识该区的地壳演化。     

新疆阿克纳瓦山晚泥盆世火山岩及其构造环境

新疆北部阿克纳瓦山晚泥盆世中基性火山岩以全碱含量较高为其最突出的特点。岩相学、矿物学、岩石化学、稀土元素和微量元素地球化学的研究表明,火山岩属于碱性玄武岩系列,以碱性玄武岩组岩石为主,同时有少量橄榄玄粗岩组岩石,表现为碱性玄武岩演化的肯尼迪趋势。火山岩是地幔部分熔融作用的产物,但在岩浆上升过程中发生过橄榄石和(或)辉石的分离结晶作用。火山岩产出的构造环境为具有陆壳基底的岛弧或活动大陆边缘火山弧,不可能是洋中脊。岛弧或活动大陆边缘火山弧的产生是以阿尔曼泰—扎河坝蛇绿混杂岩带为代表的次生洋盆,自晚泥盆世起向北东方向(现代方向)俯冲作用的结果。     

内蒙古香林香达铜矿区火山-侵入杂岩地球化学特征及年代学研究

香林香达铜矿区位于华北大陆北缘白乃庙弧中部。以矿区内广泛分布的含矿火山-侵入杂岩为研究对象,从野外地质特征、岩石学特征、岩石地球化学特征以及锆石U-Pb年龄等方面对岩石成因、构造环境、形成时代以及接触关系进行了系统的探讨。研究结果表明:香林香达矿区含矿黑云母石英闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(250.9±2.1)Ma,与安山质火山-沉积岩呈侵入接触关系。岩石属钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列,具准铝质、低K高Na等特征;稀土元素配分模式表现为轻稀土富集型的右倾曲线,具弱的负Eu异常;微量元素特征显示富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti。香林香达矿区火山-侵入杂岩地球化学特征表明,原始岩浆应来源于受俯冲洋壳流体交代的楔形地幔区,在喷发与侵入过程中,混染了地壳物质,具有壳幔混源成因特征,形成于洋壳俯冲火山弧构造环境。     

苏门答腊岛(印尼)成矿带的岩浆作用和源区及其对比

本文介绍了苏门答腊岛上两个成矿带(即铜-金矿成矿带和锡矿成矿带)的矿产分布,岩浆岩的岩石类型和地球化学特征。根据本研究课题在巴东地区岩石化学资料,本文总结了铜-金矿成矿带含矿母岩的地球化学特征,探讨其岩浆岩成因和源区。同时,将其锡矿成矿带岩浆岩的岩石类型和地球化学-大地构造环境与其相邻地体进行对比。研究结果表明:西苏门答腊地体的铜-金矿成矿带的含矿母岩为SI-型埃达克质花岗岩,形成于活动大陆边缘(ACM)火山弧构造环境,其岩浆物质主要来源于俯冲洋壳板片局部熔融叠加上弱的地幔楔熔融-混染作用(MASH)。而东苏门答腊地体‘锡岛’和"暹缅马苏"地体的锡矿带含矿母岩为过铝质(S-型)花岗岩类,其形成构造环境为碰撞带的弧后盆地和陆内裂谷,物质源区来自地壳重熔和岩浆分异。地球化学资料表明,该两地体具有共同的深部岩浆源区。     

北秦岭-祁连结合区大草滩群碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究

应用LA-ICP-MS法对北秦岭-祁连结合区的晚泥盆世大草滩群进行了系统的碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究。地层剖面从下至上,大草滩群三个岩组的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱具有以下特征:①古生代年龄组分(550Ma)所占的比例依次变小(分别为36%,32%,25%),且最年轻的锆石年龄值也是逐渐变小(分别为403±5Ma,385±5Ma,375±6Ma),这一特征反映的是大陆边缘岩浆弧前缘同岩浆活动的隆升-剥蚀和沉积。②750～2600Ma年龄组分所占的比例逐渐增大(分别为54%,65%,72%),且主要的峰值年龄向老的方向变化,这一特征反映的是往造山带深部基底和大陆内部逐渐延伸的隆升和剥蚀。本研究工作阐明大草滩群的碎屑沉积物来自多种构造环境中的岩石地层单元,主要来自北秦岭-祁连微陆块基底,其次是来自古生代洋壳持续俯冲形成的大陆边缘岩浆弧和加里东期碰撞造山带再旋回物质,还有少量来源于华北克拉通西部地块的物质成分。晚泥盆世大草滩群陆相粗碎屑沉积组合在构造位置上是处于弧(微陆)-大陆碰撞造山带的南缘与安第斯型大陆边缘岩浆弧的弧前盆地这一构造叠加复合地区,是弧(微陆)-大陆碰撞造山作用以后,洋壳持续俯冲造山作用阶段同火山-岩浆活动的沉积响应。     

西北太平洋岛弧系列成因的探讨

西北太平洋岛弧系列中的各岛弧(除马里亚纳岛弧为洋壳型弧外)均由陆壳型弧和洋壳型弧组成,并且左端与大陆相连,右端被后形成的岛弧所截。整个岛弧系列,从中生代末期开始发育至今,由北向南依次发展,规律明显。     

Island arc–back-arc basin evolution: implications for Late Riphean–Early Paleozoic geodynamic history of the Sayan–Baikal folded area

We suggest a more rigorous approach to paleogeodynamic reconstructions of the Sayan-Baikal folded area proceeding from update views of the origin and evolution of island arcs and back-arc basins. Modern island arcs and attendant back-arc basins form mainly by trench rollback caused by progressive subduction of negatively buoyant thick and cold oceanic slabs. Slab stagnation upsets the dynamic equilibrium in the subduction system, which accelerates the rollback. As a result, a continental volcanic arc transforms into an island arc, with oceanic crust production in the back-arc basin behind it. As subduction progresses, the island arc and the back-arc basin may deform, and fold-thrust structures, with the involved back-arc basin and island arc complexes, may accrete to the continent (accretion and collision) without participation of large colliding blocks. When applied to the Sayan–Baikal area, the model predicts that the Riphean and Vendian–Early Paleozoic back-arc basins were more active agents in the regional geologic history than it was thought before. They were deposition areas of sedimentary and volcanosedimentary complexes and then became the scene of collision and accretion events, including folding, metamorphism, and plutonism.     

甘肃北山地区古亚洲南缘古生代岛弧带位置的讨论

综合研究得出结论:"甘肃北山红石山断裂带以北的雀儿山-英安山地区为一种与俯冲洋壳板块相关的岛弧带,它记录了古亚洲大洋向南缘东天山古陆系统下俯冲消减的整个地史过程".主要依据:①该地区缺少古老基底陆壳;②发育于区内的中奥陶世-泥盆纪不同时代地层中的火山岩和石炭-三叠纪的中酸性侵入岩,主要以钙碱性或TTG或埃达克成分系列为主要标志,揭示深部有消减洋壳板片或岩源的存在;③从中奥陶世和志留纪火山岩的玄武岩、安山岩和英安岩组合,到泥盆纪以安山岩、英安岩为主的流纹岩、玄武岩组合,至三叠纪马鞍山、小草湖中酸性侵入岩序列的部分高钾钙碱性岩石类型组合,反映古亚洲大洋在南侧消减带之上从一种不成熟岛弧到成熟岛弧和大陆边缘弧发育演化的过程;文章提出代表古亚洲大洋南缘消减带的实际位置应在雀儿山-英安山一线以北的蒙古境内,而北山岛弧带实属南侧东天山古陆陆缘增生地体的一部分.     

西藏日喀则蛇绿岩镁铁质岩石Re-Os同位素特征及意义

通过对日喀则蛇绿岩的镁铁质岩石进行岩石学和地球化学研究,探讨其岩石成因及源区性质,同时根据Re-Os同位素的地球化学约束来探索雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩的形成机制。研究表明,日喀则蛇绿岩镁铁质岩石微量元素的标准化配分型式与洋中脊玄武岩类似,又具有岛弧玄武岩的地球化学特征。结合微量元素和同位素特征,均表明岩石的形成与俯冲作用有关。日喀则蛇绿岩产出于远离大陆地壳的SSZ环境,其形成过程未受到陆壳的混染;同时,Re-Os同位素体系受蚀变作用的影响也不明显。日喀则蛇绿岩镁铁质岩石的Re、Os含量低,¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os同位素比值较高,主要是源区性质和俯冲作用影响的结果。特提斯洋早期发生的多次俯冲作用造成地幔源区不均一。新特提斯洋壳俯冲过程中,上述不均一地幔发生部分熔融产生的镁铁质岩浆上升,经过遭受了早期熔体/岩石作用的纯橄岩通道,发生强烈的Re-Os同位素分馏,使熔体与地幔残余Os同位素组成表现出明显的解耦现象,进而形成现今的日喀则蛇绿岩。     

藏北那曲盆地中—上侏罗统拉贡塘组浊流沉积特征及微量元素地球化学

藏北那曲地区中上侏罗统拉贡塘组发育典型的深水浊流沉积,根据浊积岩鲍马序列和粒度特征,可以进一步将其区分为近源砂质浊积岩和远源细屑浊积岩。微量及稀土元素地球化学研究表明,拉贡塘组浊积岩富集Cr、Co、Sc、Th等元素,无Ce负异常或负异常不明显,沉积物物源主要来自于变质岩区或再循环的沉积岩分布区。那曲盆地是冈底斯中生代多岛弧盆系统的组成部分之一,中上侏罗世深水浊流沉积形成于活动大陆边缘中的弧后盆地环境,该弧后盆地的形成与班公湖怒江中特提斯洋盆的洋壳向南的俯冲作用有关。     

岛弧火山岩成因和地球化学特征

岛弧火山岩主要为俯冲带的俯冲板片脱水形成的富大离子亲石元素流体交代地幔楔,并使其发生部分熔融,产生岛弧岩浆作用而形成的,岩石组合通常为玄武岩—安山岩—英安岩—流纹岩及相应侵入岩组合。它以Al2O3、K2O高,低Ti O2,且K2ONa2O为特征,相对富集LILE,亏损HFSE,特别是Ti、Nb、Ta等。本文主要从岛弧岩浆作用的起因着手,分析流体和熔体对地幔楔的交代作用,以及岛弧岩浆作用过程,进而分析岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征。     

Past and present geotectonic position of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Sulawesi with its peculiar K-shaped pattern is situated in an area where the Eurasian, Indian—Australian and Pacific plates interact and collide.Complex geological processess in this area resulted in the transformation of a normal island-arc structure into an inverted one, deformation of an already tectonized belt, sweeping of fragments against unrelated terrain, thrusting of oceanic and mantle material over the island arc, closing of deep-sea basins behind the arc, trapping of old oceanic crust caused by the rolling up of an island arc, formation of a marginal basin by the spreading of the sea floor behind the arc, development of small subduction zones with reverse polarities etc.Small deep-sea basins surrounding Sulawesi such as the Gulf of Bone and the Gulf of Gorontalo originally formed the arc—trench gap of the Sulawesi island arc.The Banda Sea is considered as an oceanic crust trapped by the bending of the east—west trending Banda arc due to the northward drift of Australia combined with the westward movement of the Pacific plate. Similarly the Sulawesi Sea consists of an old Pacific crust trapped by the westward bending of the Sulawesi island arc, caused by the spearheading westward thrust along the Sorong transform-fault system, in which later a minor spreading center became active in its central part. The Molucca Sea comprises tectonic mélange in which presumably a small spreading center developed between the two colliding arcs of northern Sulawesi and western Halmahera. While the Benioff zones dip under the northern Sulawesi and Halmahera arcs in normal fashion, the mélange thrusts over them. The Strait of Makassar is a marginal basin which was brought into existence by the spreading of the sea floor between Kalimantan and Sulawesi.The evolution of Sulawesi started in Miocene time or even earlier when 800 km east of Kalimantan a north—south trending east-facing island arc came into existence, originating from a spreading center located in the Pacific Ocean. Volcanism and plutonism accompanied this subduction process.Collision between Sulawesi and the Australian—New Guinea plate which occurred in early Pliocene time severely transformed Sulawesi into an island with its convex side turned towards the continent, at the same time causing obduction of ophiolite in the eastern arc of this island.The movement of the Pacific plate continued and gradually pushed Sulawesi towards the Asian continent, resulting in the closing of the sea between Kalimantan and Sulawesi islands separated by small straits and deep seas resembling the complicated pattern of the Philippine Archipelago, in which the original double island-arc structure can no longer be recognized.     

东秦岭二郎坪弧后盆地双向式俯冲特征

二郎坪弧后盆地是北秦岭早生古代活动大陆边缘沟－弧－盆系统的重要组成部分,现今二郎坪岩群是古弧后盆地的物质残存,记录了盆地演化方式和过程,沉积建造和岩浆作用研究发同,在二郎坪弧后盆地南北两侧各发育一套活动型陆缘沉积体系和一系列府冲型花岗岩,变形构造解析反映出主造山期早期沿弧后盆地两侧各形成一套韧性推覆构造系,并具对冲型几何学样式,为俯冲带典型构造,综合分析表明,弧后盆地在造山早期分别俯冲于南部秦岭古岛弧和北部宽坪古陆之下,具双向式俯冲特征。     

Geochronology and Tectonic Evolution of the West Section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt

As an important part of South China Old Land, the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt plays a significant role in explaining the assembly and the evolution of the Upper Yangtze Block and Cathaysia, as well as the structure and growth mechanism of continental lithosphere in South China.The Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups are the base strata of the west section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt.Thus, the research of geochronology and tectonic evolution of the Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups is significant.The maximum sedimentary age of the Lengjiaxi Group is ca.862 Ma, and the minimum is ca.822 Ma.The Zhangjiawan Formation, which is situated in the upper part of the Banxi Group is ca.802 Ma.The Lengjiaxi Group and equivalent strata should thus belong to the Neoproterozoic in age.The Jiangnan Orogenic Belt consisting of the Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups as important constituents is not a Greenville Orogen Belt(1.3 Ga–1.0 Ga).The Jiangnan Orogenic Belt is a recyclic orogenic belt, and the prototype basin is a foreland basin with materials derived from the southwest and the sediments belong to the active continental sedimentation.By combining large amounts of dating data of the Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups as well as equivalent strata, the evolutionary model of the western section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt is established as follows: Before 862 Ma, the South China Ocean was subducted beneath the Upper Yangtze Block, while a continental island arc was formed on the side near the Upper Yangtze Block.The South China Ocean was not closed in this period.From 862 Ma to 822 Ma, the Upper Yangtze Block was collided with Cathaysia; and sediments began to be deposited in the foreland basin between the two blocks.The Lengjiaxi Group and equivalent strata were thus formed and the materials might be derived from the recyclic orogenic belt.From 822 Ma to 802 Ma, Cathaysia continued pushing to the Upper Yangtze Block, experienced the Jinning-Sibao Movement(Wuling Movement); as result, the folded basement of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt was formed.After 802 Ma, Cathaysia and the Upper Yangtze Block were separated from each other, the Nanhua rift basin was formed and began to receive the sediments of the Banxi Group and equivalent strata.These large amounts of dating data and research results also indicate that before the collision of the Upper Yangtze Block with Cathaysia, materials of the continental crust became less and less from the southwest to the east in the Jiangnan Orogeneic Belt; only island arc and neomagmatic arc were developed in the eastern section.Ocean-continent subduction or continent-continent subduction took place in the western and southern sections, while intra-oceanic subduction occurred in the eastern section.Comprehensive analyses on U-Pb ages and Hf model ages of zircons, the main provenance of the Lengjiaxi Group is Cathaysia.     

滇西北云岭陆缘弧大地构造单元的划分与特征

为进一步查明滇西北云岭陆缘弧的地质构造特征,经实地调研与资料收集整理,将该区划分为6个四级大地构造单元.即：雪龙山岩群（Pt₁Xl）、德钦断块（Pz₁）、攀天阁酸性火山岩浆弧（T₂）、工农弧间盆地（T₂）、崔依比中基性火山岩浆弧（T_1-2）、鲁甸火山弧-同碰撞花岗岩（T）.前2个单元属岛弧基底,后4个单元属岛弧主体.各单元的岩石组合、变形变质特征有明显差异.岛弧主体形成于早三叠世-晚三叠世早期,是金沙江洋盆向西俯冲消减、碰撞造山的产物.岛弧主体之上被上三叠统角度不整合覆盖.