新疆达坂城西南一带奇尔古斯套组硅质岩地球化学特征及成因讨论

奇尔古斯套组硅质岩SiO2含量较高,Al2O3、TiO2含量变化较大,反映出较多的外来物质的加入;Si/ (Al+Fe+Mn)、Al/ (Al+ Fe+ Mn)、MnO/TiO2、Al2 O3/(Al2 O3+ Fe3 O2)值较高,反映其为生物化学成因,形成于大陆边缘环境;Fe2O3/TiO2对Al2O3/(Al2 O3+ Fe2O3)图解同样说明其形成于大陆边缘环境.REE较高,HREE富集不明显,北美页岩标准化后的稀土配分模式曲线较为平坦,向左倾斜不明显,(La/Ce)shale值较低,δCeshale值较高,无明显Ce负异常,反映奇尔古斯套组硅质岩属生物化学成因硅质岩,形成于大陆边缘环境; (La/Ce)shale对Al2 O3/(Al2 O3+Fe2 O3)图解亦说明其形成于大陆边缘环境.微量元素中Hf含量高,而Be、Li、Nb、Rb、Sr、Ta、Th、U、V、Zr含量低;Ba元素含量低;Co、Ni贫富相当,Co/Ni值较高,U/Th值低,说明奇尔古斯套组硅质岩属于正常的生物化学成因的硅质岩.     

山东灵山岛青山群硅质岩的地球化学特征及地质意义

山东东部灵山岛地区发育一套火山碎屑岩、硅质岩、火山碎屑岩夹火山弹的特殊沉积层,为查明这套地层中硅质岩的形成原因及其大地构造背景,对硅质岩进行岩相学和地球化学分析。结果表明,研究区SiO2平均含量为70. 08%,Fe/Ti、(Fe+Mn)/Ti、δEu、Ba/Sr、Ni/Co及地球化学示踪投影指示其为热水成因;Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)、Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)、MnO/TiO2、V/Cr、Ni/Co、Th/Sc、U/Th、δCe、(La/Ce)N表明其形成于大陆边缘环境;K2O/Na2O、Al2O3/TiO2、SiO2/Al2O3、SiO2/MgO、Ni/Co值暗示其形成与火山作用有关。研究区硅质岩应为热水成因,且形成过程中受到陆源物质和火山作用的双重影响,形成于大陆边缘裂谷沉积环境。     

内蒙古苏宏图地区黏土岩矿物组成与地球化学特征

为探究内蒙古苏宏图地区黏土岩的地球化学特征、沉积物质来源和构造环境,利用多晶X射线衍射（XRD）和ICP-AES/MS分析法对苏宏图地区SZK-2井20件黏土岩岩芯样品进行分析测试。结果表明：XRD分析显示苏宏图地区黏土岩中黏土矿物组成以伊利石为主,伊利石质量分数平均值为37.64%;与大陆上地壳相比,黏土岩相对富集SiO2、Al2O3、Zr、As,贫P2O5、MgO、MnO、Cr、Ni,两者的K2O、TiO2、Sr、Ba含量接近。黏土岩中稀土元素特征为轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,表现为明显的右倾,出现明显的Eu（平均值=0.60）负异常和Ce（平均值=1.01）轻微负异常,与大陆上地壳稀土元素的配分模式较为相似;K2O/Na2O-SiO2和微量元素构造背景判别图解中,样品多数落在大陆岛弧区,少量落在活动大陆边缘,反映了苏宏图地区沉积时期的物源来自于上地壳长英质物源且形成于大陆岛弧的构造背景中。     

东秦岭二郎坪群热水沉积硅质岩的地球化学特征

东秦岭二郎坪群中广泛发育一套与铜铅锌成矿作用关系密切的硅质岩。区内硅质岩总体属于低硅质硅质岩,SiO2与Al2O3呈负相关,Fe2O3/FeO比值一般小于1,与热水沉积硅质岩的特征一致;南阳盆地以西的硅质岩MnO/TiO2比值小于0.5、Al/(Al Fe)比值接近北太平洋比值,而盆地以东的硅质岩MnO/TiO2比值大于0.5、Al/(Al Fe)比值与日本中部大陆边缘的三叠纪层纹状硅质岩比值类似;硅质岩稀土元素总量较低,重稀土元素有富集的趋势,Ce亏损较明显,Eu显示正异常,表明本区硅质岩主要是热水沉积作用的产物;硅质岩的V、Ni、Cu等微量元素含量具有洋中脊(或远洋盆地)和大陆边缘硅质岩的双重特征。     

东昆仑中段奥陶系硅岩地球化学特征及沉积大地构造环境判别

东昆仑中段诺木洪—香日德一带,大量出露层状、块层状凝灰质硅岩,主要产于火山熔岩之中及其上部,岩石致密,成层性好,具有独特的地球化学特征。硅岩中有机质含量极微,SiO2含量多在77%～87%之间,相对偏低,而Al2O3,Na2O和K2O含量偏高。其中, w(Na2O)/w(K2O), w(MnO)/w(TiO2)远大于0.5,N(Al)/N（Al+Fe+Mn）比值在0.6～0.82之间。微量元素明显不同于地台型稳定沉积区形成的硅岩,其丰度显然与同时产出的火山熔岩丰度成正相关。其中,Rb,Zr,Hf,Ga,Th和Au明显偏高,而Ba,V,Cr,Cu,Pb和U等与生物或热水有关的元素则偏低。稀土元素总量平均值仅为83.3 μg/g,轻稀土含量相对较富集,LREE／ΣREE比值一般在0.91～0.98之间,Eu负异常明显,形成“V”谷,很少出现Ce异常。δ30Si属于低负值范围(0‰～－0.4‰),87Sr / 86Sr初始值也比较接近沉凝灰岩,平均为0.7141。通过多种相关图解,均反映出硅岩的物质来源与和其共生的火山熔岩同源,且形成于火山岛弧带或活动大陆边缘带。     

东昆仑中段奥陶系硅岩地球化学特征及沉积大地构造环境判别

东昆仑中段诺木洪—香日德一带,大量出露层状、块层状凝灰质硅岩。主要产于火山熔岩之中及其上都,岩石致密,成层性好,具有独特的地球化学特征：硅岩中有机质含量极微,SiO2含量多在77％～87％之间,相对偏低,而Al2O3,Na2O和K2O含量偏高。其中,ω(Na2O)/ω(K2O),ω（MnO）/ω（TiO2）远大于0.5,N(Al)／N(Al Fe Mn)比值在0．6～082之间。微量元素明显不同于地台型稳定沉积区形成的硅岩,其丰度显然与同时产出的火山熔岩丰度成正相差。其中,Rb,Zr,Hf,Ga,Th和Au明显偏高,而Ba,V,Cr,Cu,Ph却U等与生物或热水有关的元素则偏低。稀土元素总量平均值仅为83.3μg/g,轻稀土含量相对较富集,LREE/∑REE比值一般在0.91-0.98之间 ,Eu负异常明显,形成“V”谷,很少出现Ce异常。δ^30Si属于低负值范围（0‰--0.4‰）,^87Sr/^86Sr初始值也比较接近说凝灰岩,平均为0.7141。通过多种相关图解,均反映出硅岩的物质来源与和其共生的火山熔岩同源．且形成于火山岛弧带或活动大陆边缘带。     

惠州凹陷HZ21钻孔珠江组地球化学特征及其物源指示意义

过对珠江口盆地惠州凹陷HZ21井珠江组碎屑岩的主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素进行综合分析,发现研究区碎屑岩中MnO、Na2O、P2O5和TiO2含量与PAAS中这几种组分的含量相近,但是,与PAAS相比,研究区碎屑岩富集SiO2,贫Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O和MgO。泥岩中亲石元素Ba的含量略低于上地壳丰度,而远高于下地壳丰度;过渡元素Cr的含量略高于上地壳丰度,而远低于下地壳丰度;不相容元素Th的含量略高于上地壳丰度值,远远高于下地壳丰度。砂岩中亲石元素Ba的含量与上地壳丰度相近,但远高于下地壳丰度;不相容元素Th在NSQ1、NSQ2层序略低于上地壳丰度值,在NSQ3、NSQ4层序中则高于上地壳丰度值。REE分布模式与上地壳相似,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素均一,Eu负异常,且在NSQ1、NSQ2中,Eu异常值大于PAAS的Eu异常值,而NSQ3、NSQ4的Eu异常值小于PAAS的Eu异常值。主量元素比值和非迁移性微量元素图解显示源岩以长英质岩石为主,NSQ1、NSQ2层序以沉积岩钙质泥岩物源为主,而NSQ3、NSQ4层序为花岗岩、碱性玄武岩和沉积岩钙质泥岩混合物源的特点。从SiO2-K2O/Na2O、La-Th-Sc判别图及Ce异常值的分析认为,源区的构造背景具有被动大陆边缘的特征。Al2O3/Na2O比值及化学蚀变指数（CIA）反映了该地区整体处于湿热气候条件,但NSQ1、NSQ2层序湿热程度较高,风化程度较强,而NSQ3、NSQ4层序湿热程度较低,风化程度较弱。
      

赣西南下寒武统杂砂岩地球化学特征和沉积环境

赣西南地区早寒武世发育巨厚的砂泥质复理石沉积,砂岩杂基含量普遍大于15%,以杂砂岩为主。赣州市、井冈山市和萍乡市3个地区杂砂岩的主量、微量、稀土元素含量和组合特征表明,赣西南下寒武统杂砂岩具有较高的SiO2含量,高的Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O)和K2O/Na2O比值,较低的Al2O3/SiO2、Fe2O3/MgO比值和CaO含量;微量元素含量接近中国东部上地壳值,富集大离子亲石元素;稀土元素具有LREE富集、Eu亏损明显的特征。综合分析推测,物源剥蚀区为华夏陆块,其北缘显示为被动大陆边缘的地球化学特征,赣西南地区海水较深,且自南向北略微加深。     

粤东北连平寒武系牛角河组硅质岩成因与沉积环境

广东1/5万《隆街公社幅》区域地质调查在粤东北连平地区新填绘出早寒武世牛角河组,并在其浅变质岩系中发现多层薄层状硅质岩。岩性为放射虫硅质岩和含黏土质硅质岩,放射虫硅质岩呈灰黑、灰白色,硅质含量65%~70%,放射虫含量25%~30%。硅质岩SiO2含量82.79%~94.30%,Al2O3和TiO2含量分别为2.43%~10.12%和0.12%~0.48%,TFe2O3为0.46%~1.59%,Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值为0.55~0.91,表明其硅质主要来源于生物本身或其生命活动产物,为生物成因硅质岩;稀土元素PAAS标准化曲线近水平,δEu为0.90~1.02,ΣREE(均值79.28)低于PAAS的ΣREE;LREE/HREE(均值8.47)和LaN/YbN值(均值1.36)大于1,表明陆源物质对硅质岩形成有一定影响;Ce负异常(δCe平均值为0.80),Y无异常(Y/Ho均值26.39)和较低的MnO/TiO2值(均值0.014)、较高的V/(V+Ni)值(均值0.96),表明硅质岩形成于大陆边缘贫氧沉积环境。牛角河组浅变质岩碎屑物颗粒总体较细,上部岩性以硅质、泥质板岩为主,进一步反映了区域寒武纪早期为浅海陆棚至大陆斜坡相沉积环境。     

西南天山马达尔地区硅质岩地球化学特征及其沉积环境

西南天山马达尔地区乌帕塔尔坎群硅质岩与玄武岩以逆冲断层接触产出,但其时代缺乏依据。本次研究的硅质岩中含有放射虫,经鉴定时代为D3—C1。11件硅质岩样品的SiO2含量为88.80%～93.28%,Al2O3含量为2.02%～3.72%,其中只有4件样品为纯硅质岩(SiO2的含量为91.0%～99.8%),所有样品的SiO2/Al2O3值(23.84～46.11)远低于纯硅质岩(SiO2/Al2O3=80～1400),表明其含有较高比例的陆源泥质沉积物。Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)=0.57～0.72,Ce/Ce*=0.90～1.21,显示出生物沉积硅质岩的特点。此外,其Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)=0.64～0.77,V含量为10.92×10-6～26.70×10-6,Cu含量为2.15×10-6～34.10×10-6,Ti/V=25.53～44.93,∑REE为30.78×10-6～59.26×10-6,平均值为45.46×10-6,(La/Yb)N=0.88～1.33,平均值为1.09,(La/Ce)N=0.81～1.12,介于洋盆沉积物和大陆边缘沉积物之间,反映其沉积环境为接近陆源的深水-半深水的沉积环境。Ceanom值均大于-0.1,为-0.06～0.08,并且出现Eu的负异常,推测岩石沉积时水体贫氧。结合区域地质特征推测,乌帕塔尔坎群硅质岩形成于南天山洋盆闭合期的小洋盆。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with