不同岩溶环境系统的水文和生态效应研究

本文选择3个不同类型的岩溶生态系统作为研究对象，从植被发育状况、群落特征、水化学特征对系统的响应、表层岩溶带功能、系统生态效应及水文效应进行了对比研究，结果显示，植被群落特征较好地反映了生态环境系统遭受破坏的程度及所处的演化阶段；因表层带本身结构的差异，使其具有不同的功能，特别是表现在对系统小气候和表层岩溶带水资源的调节方面；水化学对系统的响应过程，反映了不同系统中物质运移特征的差异。     

西南岩溶地区植被喀斯特效应

西南岩溶地区是我国主要岩溶带之一，也是世界岩溶研究重点地区，区内因人口众多，植被破坏严重，部分地区因人为作用已经产生一系列的环境问题，本文从岩溶地区植被演替规律出发，针对不同植被生态条件，通过对比不同表层岩溶泉的水化学特征和表层土壤空气CO2（g)（表示呀以气相形式存在）的含量，分析了植被在岩溶区，特别在表层岩溶带的喀斯特效应，由此，一方面可以推动岩溶研究的进一步发展；另一方面可以提高人们的岩溶环境保护意识，从而为西南地区生态恢复提供基础资料。     

荔波小七孔岩溶植被的研究

通过实地调查、样方统计、标本采集等,对荔波小七孔地区岩溶植被的生境条件、区系组成、群落学特征等进行了初步的分析研究。结果表明: 该区植被区系十分丰富,在12km2 的范围内,自然分布的维管束植物高达375种,分别隶属于117科、272属;地理成分也相当复杂,既有世界分布、泛热带分布、热带美洲和热带亚洲间断分布、热带亚洲至热带非洲分布,又有北温带分布、东亚和北美间断分布、西亚至中亚分布和中国特有分布。此外,区内岩溶植被多元顶极演替特征也很明显,常绿阔叶、落叶阔叶与常绿落叶阔叶混交林共存。小七孔的这种植被群落特征主要由其气候、土壤、小生境差异及其相互配置的不同而引起。      

岩溶石漠化遥感信息增强技术探讨

岩溶石漠化是存在于中国西南及南方岩溶地区严重的脆弱生态地质问题,利用遥感技术的优势,可以准确、快速、经济地获取岩溶石漠化的现状、分布规律等结果数据,为石漠化的监测、石漠化的演变分析及后续治理提供科学依据。但在遥感调查与监测工作中,如何增强石漠化信息,方便后续的信息提取工作,已成为研究的热点与难点问题。影响岩溶石漠化的发育的因素众多,其评价指标一般考虑岩石裸露程度及其结构、植被结构等。在岩溶石漠化遥感信息增强工作中,很难直接获取岩石的裸露信息。野外调查发现：在热带亚热带岩溶地区,岩石的裸露程度与植被覆盖程度呈负相关关系,岩石的裸露程度越高,植被覆盖程度越低,岩溶石漠化越发育;据此可以利用植被覆盖情况来获取岩溶石漠化信息。在增强岩溶石漠化信息方面,本文提出了改进增强型植被指数模型（GEVI）,并与现有的常用植被指数模型对比试验发现,具有较好的应用效果。     

贵州省岩溶地区石漠化的形成及其生态治理

随着西部大开发的推进，生态环境问题已经引起高度重视，土地膜漠化的形成及其治理也逐渐成为岩溶工作者、生态学家的研究热点。由于贵州地区岩溶分布广，地势起伏较大，土壤贫瘠，加之人为因素的影响，植被遭受破坏，水土流失严重，土地石漠化愈演愈烈。通过分析贵州石濮化形成原因，提出了一系列石漠化生态治理措施，为保证贵州省、西南岩溶区植被顺向演替，生态逐步恢复提供决策参考。     

越南北部岩溶特征及其相关环境问题

越南北部属热带季风气候,受东南亚季风影响明显,雨量充沛,气温高,植被发育。它们地处特提斯海槽和环太平洋带两个全球性的构造带交汇处,碳酸盐岩受构造改造强烈,岩溶广泛发育,岩溶地貌类型齐全。与中国西南亚热带、热带岩溶区相比,岩溶发育特征有许多类似之处,但其岩溶泉水有更高的碱度,反映出更强烈的溶蚀作用。随着越南经济发展,岩溶区中的一些环境问题也日益突出,不合理的土地利用,已开始造成土地石漠化等环境问题。      

万华岩表层岩溶带岩溶动力系统的特点研究

万华岩地区碳酸盐岩中普遍发育的非碳酸盐岩夹层,以及“土层+裂隙层”表层岩溶带双层结构对岩溶动力系统和水循环具有显著影响:非碳酸盐岩地段的地下水因其矿化度较低,CO2 含量较高,而具有较强的侵蚀、溶蚀能力,导致岩溶动力系统的物质和能量传输非常活跃,一个岩溶泉年溶蚀量(以CaCO3计)达2795.4kg;由于非碳酸盐岩夹层的普遍存在,不仅阻碍地下水向深循环,而且还有利于土壤、植被的发育。土壤、植被与地表岩溶裂隙网络对区内岩溶地下水还具有较好的调蓄作用,以致使区内有众多的小泉点在地表出露。      

鄂西南岩溶地区表层岩溶带发育强度变化规律研究

鄂西南岩溶地区表层岩溶个体形态复杂多样,表层岩溶带发育与鄂西南地区岩溶地质环境条件及岩溶发育演变的历史过程密切相关.因此,通过野外地质调查与收集"沪蓉西"高速公路勘察资料.采用系统工程地质分析为主的方法,研究了表层岩溶带在不同的地质构造部位、地层岩性、地形地貌部位及深部岩溶水补径排区的发育强度及其变化规律.详细论述了表层岩溶带的空间发育强度.首次定量界定了该区表层岩溶带的最大发育深度为56.54m,最浅为4.5m,阐明了表层岩溶带从山顶、山脊到山脚、沟谷由弱到强的总体变化规律.      

贵州茂兰喀斯特森林植被演替序列的数量分析

综合运用双向指示种分析法( TWINSPAN)及除趋势对应分析法( DCA)进行分类及排序,确定了贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区森林群落的演替序列。结果表明: 根据DCA排序可将研究区植被群落的演替过程分为四个阶段,即草地→ 灌丛→乔林→顶极群落;根据TW IN SPAN分类结果可将植被分为11个群丛,其中,第Ⅰ 、Ⅱ 、Ⅲ 、Ⅳ 群丛为草本阶段,第Ⅴ 、Ⅵ 群丛为灌丛阶段,Ⅶ 、Ⅷ 、Ⅸ 群丛为乔林阶段,第Ⅹ 、Ⅺ群丛为顶极阶段。茂兰喀斯特植被演替顶极群落为亚热带常绿落叶阔叶林群落,是一种典型的地形— 土壤演替顶极,是植被与当地环境长期适应的结果。      

岩溶脆弱生态区生态恢复、重建的原理与方法

西南岩溶山区又称岩溶脆弱生态区, 该区生态系统功能脆弱、抗干扰能力低, 面临严重的生态危机, 急需修复和重建。针对西南岩溶区的生态恢复重建工程, 从景观、系统、生物群落、种群等层次论述生态学原理与方法及其具体的运用。以生态学的原理与方法为指导, 进行土地利用的优化设计, 调整农村产业结构, 通过全面封育与先锋群落的构建、实行乔灌藤草优化配置、生态防护林体系与特色农林产品基地建设结合, 恢复良好的森林植被, 是岩溶区生态恢复重建的基本步骤。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of