旱平川断陷盆地控水构造及地下水赋存规律

旱平川断陷盆地受南北两区域大断裂控制,形成走向南东-北西向、倾向东北的条带状水文地质单元.根据盆地内断裂构造的控水特征、地层岩性的分布及富水性,将盆地内第三系上统划分为东、中、西三段及6个主要承压含水层,并对新第三系和第四系地下水的补给、径流、排泄关系分别进行分析论述,为该区今后找水提供了地质依据.     

新疆巴里坤三塘湖盆地地下水赋存分布特征

通过对三塘湖盆地水文地质结构、地下水类型及富水性特征分析,讨论地下水赋存分布特征,为当地矿产资源开发及供水水源地建设提供水文地质依据。采用水文地质钻探、物探、测绘、抽水试验及测试等方法获取基础水文地质数据,对储水介质岩性和厚度、含水层特征、富水性等空间变化规律归纳总结,认为盆地内具单一结构松散岩类孔隙潜水、多层结构孔隙潜水-碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙承压水、碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙承压水的赋存分布特征。     

沂南县贫水山区找水定井技术研究

综合分析沂南县气候、自然、地理,尤其是地质与水文地质条件,及2011年国土资源抗旱打井工作成果,结合沂南地下水含水岩组分布、赋存、地下水运移特征、构造对岩溶发育与地下水运动的控制等。得出沂南县岩溶地下水补给径流区的构造破碎带及其附近地下水相对富集。地下水富集特征可分为：构造带控水型、火成岩体阻挡富水型、断裂影响带强富水型及远离构造破碎带弱富水型等几种类型。根据岩溶地下水补给径流区地下水富集规律的分析研究,为今后贫水山区找水定井提供参考。     

地质构造对鄂尔多斯盆地南缘岩溶地下水的控制作用

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘干旱缺水,多年来一直制约着该区的经济发展和群众生活质量的提高。通过调查测绘、钻探验证及多学科综合研究相结合的方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地南缘岩溶地下水进行了系统研究,认为鄂尔多斯盆地南缘岩溶及岩溶水的发育均受断裂构造控制。北东向断裂具有较强的富水性,属控水断裂。北西向压扭或张扭性断裂相对北东向断裂岩溶发育较差,属导水断裂。近东西向压性断裂,富水性较差,属阻水断裂。三大构造带相互作用形成网格状和似层状地下水管道系统,对岩溶地下水的交替、运移和富集及岩溶水的径流、排泄有一定的控制作用。     

山东临朐盆地新构造运动特征及其对地下水的控制作用

地质构造,特别是新构造对基岩地下水的赋存、分布规律起着控制作用,也是找水定井的关键。在临朐盆地水文地质调查及钻探成果资料分析的基础上,结合解析区域新构造运动特征及其表现形式,选取部分典型实例,从地下水类型空间分布特征、侧向补给径流条件、赋存空间特征等方面分析了新构造运动对盆地地下水的控制作用,并归纳了研究区在新构造运动控制下发育的典型蓄水构造类型。得出结论:(1)临朐盆地地质背景条件复杂,新构造活动强烈,且具有多期性和多方向性活动特征,形成了盆地现代地貌格局和地质结构,从而控制了不同类型地下水的空间分布;(2)在新构造运动控制下,盆地西部、南部抬升,岩溶发育,成为地下水直接补给区,侧向径流补给构成盆地地下水的主要补给来源;(3)受构造活动强度、岩性结构和地下水径流条件的影响,五井断裂两侧碳酸盐岩裸露区为地下岩溶强径流带,岩石透水而不富水;五井—冶源段为地下岩溶强富水区;冶源水库以北、石佛堂—临朐断裂以东至盆地东部边界,为非可溶性层状岩类弱富水区;盆地东边界双山-李家庄断裂沿线为新生代玄武岩孔洞裂隙及古风化壳裂隙水较富水区;(4)临朐盆地发育4种典型蓄水构造类型,即,断裂带型、接触带型、水平层型、复合型等,其中,断裂带型蓄水构造为盆地主要蓄水构造类型,也成为研究区找水打井的主要目标。     

云南省岩溶水赋存特征

云南省岩溶水赋存特征,从宏观到微观层面主要表现为:高原面上总体岩溶含水层的富水性比较均匀,其中的汇水型岩溶断陷盆地内,岩溶含水层特征等同于多孔介质。高原面边缘、河谷斜坡地带岩溶含水层的富水性极不均匀,其中在汇水—径流型岩溶断陷盆地内,上游部分富水性比较均匀,靠近下游转换带及其以下溶洞管道区富水性极不均匀。在一个完整的水文地质单元内,饱水带水位埋深基本接近集中排泄点的水位。通常,补给区实质上主要是透水层;径流区基本具备含水层的特征;排泄区方形成了名副其实的含水层。特定的微地貌组合形式,能够反映岩溶水的运动、赋存特征,应注意调查研究。      

新疆布尔津盆地砂岩型铀矿成矿水文地质条件初探

本文在简要介绍布尔津盆地地下水赋存条件与分布的基础上,论述了该盆地的构造－水文地质层特征,进而着重阐明区内地下水初、径、排等水动力条件以及水文地球化学特征,总结有利的铀矿成水文地质条件。     

内蒙古伊勒门盆地砂岩型铀矿成矿水文地质条件初析

简要介绍了伊勒门盆地地下水赋存条件与分布情况，论述了该盆地的构造－水文地质特征，着重阐明区内地下水补给、径流、排泄等水动力条件以及水文地球化学特征，总结了有利的铀矿成矿水文地质条件。     

云南永善金沙厂铅锌矿水文地质特征及矿坑充水因素浅析

金沙厂矿区铅锌矿体主要赋存于寒武系下统梅树村组大海段(∈1m3)和震旦系上统灯影组中部白岩哨下亚段(Z2dn5-1)层间破碎带内.矿坑掘进所遇震旦系上统灯影组粉晶白云岩与泥质白云岩接触带多次发生涌水而影响工程施工.本文根据矿区以往矿区勘查水文地质资料,初步总结矿区地层富水性、构造控水作用、地下水补径排条件及地表水发育特...     

山东莱芜盆地东部水文地质条件及富水块段特征

基于在莱芜盆地开展的1∶5万水文地质调查工作,详细论述了盆地东部地区水文地质条件,将区内地下水类型划分为松散岩类孔隙水、碳酸盐岩类裂隙岩溶水、碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水与岩浆岩变质岩类裂隙水四类,并总结了其含水岩组富水性;分析了区内地下水补给、径流、排泄特征与地下水动态变化特征;通过收集分析区内钻孔资料,总结了岩溶区岩溶发育特征,发现区内岩溶发育主要集中在200 m以浅,以溶蚀裂隙、蜂窝状溶孔为主;对清泥沟断裂、兴隆山-高峪铺断裂、铜冶店-孙祖断裂等主要控水断裂进行分析,提出东泉、清泥沟、丈八丘三个岩溶水富水块段,分析了各块段的富水机理,并提出各富水块段允许开采地下水量,为地下水合理开发利用提供一定参考资料。      

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the