空气反循环连续取样钻探技术在新疆乌什磷钒矿区的应用

通过选取合适的钻探设备和合理的钻进参数,空气反循环连续取样工艺在新疆乌什磷钒矿区取得了良好的应用效果。该工程实践表明,在缺水地区及岩矿样难采取的地层,空气反循环连续取样钻探技术取样率可达到100%,施工成本低,经济效益显著。介绍了施工设备、管材的配置及钻探施工工艺。     

反循环钻探技术的推广应用

概述了反循环钻探技术的特点,介绍了反循环钻探技术的推广应用情况、取得的经济效果,分析了潜在的市场前景及推广反循环钻探技术的经济意义。     

空气反循环连续取样在含金砾岩钻探中的应用

通过选取合适的钻探设备和合理的钻进参数,采用空气反循环连续取样工艺,在吉林省珲春金泉岗含金砾岩矿区施工取得了良好的应用效果。实践表明,在岩矿样难以采取的含金砾岩地层中,采用空气反循环连续取样钻进工艺,其岩样采取率达98%以上,配合潜孔锤钻进工艺,在坚硬岩层中钻进,有效提高了钻探效率,降低了成本。介绍了施工设备、管材的配置及空气反循环连续取样钻探技术的施工工艺。     

多介质反循环复合钻探技术的研究

多介质反循环复合钻探技术是一种将空气反循环连续取样和水力反循环取心钻探技术有效结合起来的全新地质钻探方法。对该钻探技术的特点,研究过程,生产应用试验情况等进行了详细论述。     

钻探工程“七五”科技进展和主要成果

钻探工程是获取地质成果实物资料最主要的方法.“七五”期间共确定了“多工艺空气钻探技术”、“人造金刚石超硬复合材料及其钻头”两个部级科技攻关项目;“水力反循环连续取心”、“气举反循环连续取样”钻探新技术、新设备,以及涉及工程钻     

小秦岭复杂地层潜孔锤反循环钻探技术试验研究

贯通式潜孔锤反循环连续取心钻进技术具有效率高、钻孔质量好、钻探成本低等特点,尤其对复杂地层有较强的适应性。在反循环钻头及钻具进行优化组合的基础上,结合小秦岭金矿田程村矿区钻探项目开展野外生产试验。试验结果表明：潜孔锤反循环钻进系统对复杂地层条件适应性强,解决了该矿区的系列钻探技术难题。试验深化了对贯通式潜孔锤反循环钻探机理和反循环钻头结构的创新研究,对贯通式潜孔锤及配套钻具的进一步合理优化,实现高效率、低成本、短工期和良好的地质利用效果提供了技术支撑。     

反循环钻探技术的应用与发展

反循环钻探技术的应用与发展，是伴随着正循环钻探技术的发展而相应发展起来的一种新型的钻探方法，由于在某种条件下，反循环具有比正循环钻探方法更多的优点，能够取得较优的经济效果，因此，近年来得到了很大发展，应用面逐步扩大，现将有关情况介绍如下。一、反循环钻探技术的基本概况所谓反循环钻探技术，不仅是指在钻进过程中冲洗介质的循环形式和正循环钻探方法的循环形式相反，而且是包括钻头、钻具、护孔和采样方法，以及     

依靠新的技术 实现新的进步

赵紫阳总理在五届人大五次会议报告中提出：六五计划期间在全国推广四十项重大科技成果。“地质钻探新技术”已列为“六五”计划期间国家新技术推广重点项目之一。地质钻探新技术包括绳索取心钻探技术、液动冲击回转钻探技术、气举反循环钻探技术、护孔堵漏技术及新型钻探设备等。推广上述各项技术，对改变钻探工程的面貌将会有较大的推动。     

空气反循环钻探技术在矿山勘查中的应用

在矿山勘查中,传统的岩心钻探技术存在成孔周期长、成本高等问题,而空气反循环钻探技术的施工效率高、成本较低。本文改进了空气反循环钻探技术的钻头和封隔套的流体构造,并将其应用到矿山勘查中。与传统岩心钻探技术相比,空气反循环钻探技术的钻进效率提高了70%~90%,成本降低了30%~50%,钻孔事故率降低了60%~70%,施工过程无泥浆污染,产生粉尘极少,实现了绿色勘查的要求。     

影响水井钻探效率的因素及提高钻井速度的关键技术

目前水井及地热井钻探效率不高已成为影响水资源开发利用进程的主要因素之一。在分析水井、地热井钻探效率低下原因的基础上,针对不同影响因素,并结合生产施工实际,从优选钻井工艺方法、完善钻井设备配套方面进行论述。提出了大力推广应用地下水开发快速钻进技术---气动潜孔锤钻进技术和气举反循环钻进技术的建议。     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

Some Measurements of Radon in Soils and in Stream-Water in County Durham

Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters.     

内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究

为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。