车装钻机防触电报警器

地震钻机车及其他车装钻机、吊车等在野外作业时常会遇到高压线路,在视线不好或不注意时非常容易造成人身触电事故。尤其是一些单位车装钻机严重违章操作在电力下起落钻架或不放倒钻架就行车移动孔位,更易造成触电事故。几十年来煤田地质系统车装钻机已发生此类触电事故数十起之多、死亡十余人。为预防车装钻机触电事故的发生,我们研制了“车装钻机防触电报警器”,它能在钻机车距离高压线安全距离之内,探测到高压线的存在并发出声、光报警并使车辆自动灭火,迫使汽车仃下来。尽管该装置不能完全代替人的观察,     

文摘与零讯

一、瑞典的车装钻机瑞典的斯温斯科·都柏林（Svensk Djupborrni-ng）公司，研制了一种能钻两千米的新型车装液压钻机。钻机装在SBATIIIS型新一代越野卡车上。液压钻机是威尔特（Wirth）公司制造的，能在花岗岩中一小时钻进15米。斯堪尼亚（Scania）越野卡车把钻机传动的要求同越野机动性的需要结合起来。     

澳大利亚高效低耗的车装多功能钻机

60年代以来,澳大利亚在普查找矿中广泛采用了高效低耗的车装多功能钻机及空气钻进、岩屑录样等工艺技术,使矿业发展获得了显著的成就.车装多功能钻机的钻进原理为冲击回转式,钻机是根据露天采矿中打眼放炮的冲击钻改进后设计制造的.钻机的动力、空压机、     

WKC50型地震爆破孔钻机

为了适应石油勘探钻进地震爆破孔的需要，吉林油田管理局地质调查处与地矿部张家口探矿机械厂于1989年初决定，双方共同开发研制WKC50型钻机，以期设计出一种具有良好越野性能，并且钻进速度快，操作方便，工作可靠，便于维修，能适应东北高寒地区的物探勘察孔施工的车装钻机，代替陈旧机型，以加快油田勘察速度。     

YKS-30型砂矿钻机试验情况简介

我所研制的YKS-30型全液压动力头车装砂矿钻机，经过一年多的野外试验，累计进尺471m，取得了可喜的进展。现将在试验过程中碰到的各种问题，加以介绍。     

浅论单桅杆液压伸缩井架的锁定装置

以美国LTV公司65B车装钻机单桅液压伸缩式井架的锁定装置为例,讨论了锁定装置的功用、设计要求、基本构造、工作原理和操作程序等。在此基础上,研讨了该装置主要零件的受力分析和强度计算方法。还分析了加工制造精度、井架上、下段间的配合间隙以及两者的搭接长度对锁定精度的影响。最后,对美国LTV公司65B车装钻机钻塔锁定装置的机械操纵方法提出了改为液压操纵的意见。     

SPC—300Q型水文水井钻机

一、概况1982年，铁道部提出急需一种主要用于铁路沿线，进行水文地质勘察孔钻进，并能探采结合成井的车装自行式转盘水文水井钻机。为此，于1982年下半年提出了轻便车装水文水井钻机的研制课题，既符合“以销定产”，满足铁道部急需，同时也完整了我国水文水井钻机品种系列，填补了空白，并被列为1983～1984年度国家重点项目。SPC-300Q型轻便水文水井钻机由地矿部勘探技术研究所和天津探矿机械厂共同负责研制，由铁道部第四勘测设计院承担生产性试验。     

4000 m地质岩心钻机在天津东丽区 地热资源调查中的示范应用

为了验证XD-40型钻机的性能参数,结合天津市东丽区地热井工程进行了示范应用。在钻进过程中φ311 mm口径钻深2258.83 m,超过了钻机额定钻深能力,提升系统、回转系统、液压系统、交流变频控制系统、数据及仪表参数监控系统、数据储存系统、钻机底座及钻塔等主要技术性能得到验证,并对钻机总体布置、控制系统程序、实用性设计进优化完善。XD-40型钻机机械化程度高,可以满足深孔钻探工艺要求,并可在地热、浅层油气勘探等领域进行应用拓展。     

SDC-1000全液压钻机

SDC-1000全液压钻机是目前国内生产的较大能力的全液压动力头车装水井钻机。钻进深度为1000m,最大提升力500kN,加压力170kN。主要用于大口径水井、煤层气抽采井、浅层油气井等工程的施工。     

GZY—Ⅲ和GZY—Ⅳ型车装全液压钻机通过鉴定

由镇江煤矿专用设备厂承担的中国煤田地质局《七五》重点攻关项目——《GZY-Ⅲ(600m)和 GZY-Ⅳ型(300m)车装全液压钻机》,于1989年3月18日通过鉴定。鉴定会认为这两种钻机设计合理,技术先     

多孔介质中悬浮质的淤塞作用对悬浮液渗流动态的影响

定量地预测悬浮质在导水介质里流动过程中的淤塞作用及其对浆液流动动态的影响有助于合理地设计注浆工艺和控制注浆过程。表述悬浮质在多孔介质中的淤塞作用及其对流动状态的影响的数学模型由三个微分方程组成,即:悬浮质运移方程、悬浮质沉淀动态方程和悬浮液流动方程。用有限差分法对定流量和定边界水位差二种条件下多孔介质中一维流悬浮质淤塞问题的求解结果证明:由于淤塞作用,悬浮液在多孔介质中的流动总是呈非稳定流,并且随着时间的变化,在定流量条件下,流场中水力梯度逐渐增大;在定边界水位差条件下,流场中的流量则逐渐减小。      

Reversible flocculation and deflocculation of ball clays

One of the main usages of ball clays is in the pottery industry. However, in order to transport the clay suspensions from the mine site, some distance away from the consumer, dewatering of the clay suspension must be performed. The main restriction is that any dewatering treatment must not interfere in obtaining deflocculated, free flowing suspensions required by the pottery manufacturer.Investigations in the flocculation/deflocculation of these clay suspensions, resulted in finding a technique capable of achieving both requirements. The technique employs flocculation by an anionic flocculant in the presence of 10 mM of magnesium sulfate, thus achieving the dewatering step. When the magnesium sulfate was removed from the flocculated suspensions by simply washing the filter cake, good deflocculation of the clay suspension was achieved at alkaline pH. The role of MgSO₄ in the flocculant adsorption/flocculation, and subsequently in the flocculant desorption/deflocculation, was discussed.     

Application of Greek lignite as an additive for controlling rheological and filtration properties of water–bentonite suspensions at high temperatures: A review

This review paper presents the results of an extensive study investigating whether addition of 3% w/w Greek lignite to 6.42% w/w water–bentonite suspensions, after being exposed to high temperatures, can prevent gelation and control filtration characteristics. Two different bentonites and eight lignites from different Greek basins have been used while a commercial lignite product has been used as standard. The lignite-free bentonite suspensions heated to 177 °C for 16 h (thermal aging) thicken considerably, increasing the yield stress and the yield point. Fluid consistency and flow behavior indices also change while no significant change is observed for plastic viscosity. Thermal aging of the suspensions results in unacceptably high fluid loss values.Addition of Greek lignite to water–bentonite suspensions, followed by thermal aging, provided the rheological stability of the suspensions by maintaining the low yield stress/point regardless of the type of bentonite. Some of the lignites performed as well as their commercial counterpart. No specific trends for rheological improvement have been identified with respect to various characteristics of lignites such as contents of humic, fulvic acids, humins and other parameters such as specific surface area and cation exchange capacity.Furthermore, addition of lignite in most cases provided very good filtration control of the water–bentonite suspensions after exposure to 177 °C, with some Greek lignites being superior to the commercial product. The same lignite parameters examined for rheological control, were also examined to determine their effect on fluid loss of these suspensions for both bentonites. The content of humic and fulvic acids of two groups of lignites showed weak inverse correlations with the fluid loss volumes for both bentonites, while all other parameters did not seem to directly correlate with the effectiveness of the lignites.     

Specialized Methods of Thermal Treatment of Riverine and Marine Suspensions Preparatorily to Their Analysis for Trace Concentrations of Chemical Elements

The paper considerations of the possibility of the low-temperature (1000°C) and high-temperature (>1500°C) thermal decomposition of solid samples of suspensions and the selective fractional evaporation–condensation of elements in specialized electrothermal crucible and rod atomizers for the purposes of direct atomic-absorption analysis. The approach is applied to analyze samples of riverine and marine suspensions for Ag, Cd, and Tl.     

大气-水体系统中PAR传输模式及湖泊初级生产力

给出了一种大气-水体系统中PAR的传输模式,并利用太湖的气象和实测悬浮粒资料计算水体中PAR的时空变化.模式中考虑了大气的气溶胶、臭氧、水汽和CO₂的效应以及水面风浪、水中黄质、悬浮粒和浮游藻类的多次散射和吸收过程.最后,利用生物-光模式,计算了太湖的初级生产力.结果基本上能反映水中初级生产力随水深的变化趋势.     

Behaviour of quartz suspensions in the presence of calcium ions and acrylate polymers

The effect of acrylate polymers on the behaviour of quartz-slime suspensions, in the presence or in the absence of calcium ions, is considered. Results of dispersion tests with polyacrylates of various molecular weights show that acrylates are capable of extending the pH range in which quartz is dispersed to weakly acid pH values: between 3.5 and 4.5, if calcium ions are not added to the system. On the other hand, in the presence of calcium ions, the dispersed state can be maintained only in a narrow pH range, between 4, 5 and 6 to 8.5, the latter value being reached only in the case of very low molecular weight polymer (5.400). At higher pH values, flocculation takes place, more intensively as the pH becomes more basic and the molecular weight of polymer higher.The mechanism by which dispersion or flocculation occurs is interpreted on the basis of experimental results of dispersion tests and zeta potential measurements. From these data, it is concluded that electrostatic effects and steric hindrance phenomena must not be ignored in explaining the behaviour of mineral suspensions, chiefly when a very low molecular weight is used. Adsorption of calcium ions on quartz surfaces appears also to play a fundamental part in the flocculation mechanism at basic pH values.     

Structure of sediments of kaolinite

In an assembly of clay particles placed in a fluid, each particle is typically subjected to: (1) double-layer repulsive forces; (2) van der Waals attractive forces; and (3) contact mechanical forces. The study presented here concerns an approximate, quantitative analysis of clay suspensions, with considerations to the first two - the physico-chemical forces. Using recent theories to calculate the physico-chemical forces between two clay particles in an approximate model of an assembly, the equilibrium void ratio of a clay suspension is computed. The mechanical forces are ignored in the analysis. The results serve to verify the validity of physico-chemical theories employed and help interpret experimental data more fundamentally in terms of the system variables.     

Field tests of an equation that describes the dewatering of clay suspensions on a sand bed

Previous laboratory work indicated that the dewatering of suspensions of kaolin and fine quartz on a sand bed could be described by a simple two-term equation with one term for the drainage component and one for the evaporation component.Field tests have been carried out at three sand-washing operations in Victoria to determine if the equation is applicable in practice.The thickened suspensions were dewatered to a solid when they were ponded in shallow depths onto a sand bed. The changes in solids content during the dewatering confirmed that the dewatering equation could be used in practice.The dewatering equation is potentially very useful since it can be used to calculate optimum ponding depths, and therefore the area required to dewater a given production of tailing.     

Adenine oxidation by pyrite-generated hydroxyl radicals

Cellular exposure to particulate matter with concomitant formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidization of biomolecules may lead to negative health outcomes. Evaluating the particle-induced formation of ROS and the oxidation products from reaction of ROS with biomolecules is useful for gaining a mechanistic understanding of particle-induced oxidative stress. Aqueous suspensions of pyrite particles have been shown to form hydroxyl radicals and degrade nucleic acids. Reactions between pyrite-induced hydroxyl radicals and nucleic acid bases, however, remain to be determined. Here, we compared the oxidation of adenine by Fenton-generated (i.e., ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide) hydroxyl radicals to adenine oxidation by hydroxyl radicals generated in pyrite aqueous suspensions. Results show that adenine oxidizes in the presence of pyrite (without the addition of hydrogen peroxide) and that the rate of oxidation is dependent on the pyrite loading. Adenine oxidation was prevented by addition of either catalase or ethanol to the pyrite/adenine suspensions, which implies that hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals are causing the adenine oxidation. The adenine oxidation products, 8-oxoadenine and 2-hydroxyadenine, were the same whether hydroxyl radicals were generated by Fenton or pyrite-initiated reactions. Although nucleic acid bases are unlikely to be directly exposed to pyrite particles, the formation of ROS in the vicinity of cells may lead to oxidative stress.     

Acoustic profiling of fine suspension concentration in the Changjiang estuary

Vertical profiles of suspended fine sediment concentration, tidal current velocity, and salinity were measured in May 1994 in the Changjiang Estuary. High resolution concentration profiles were obtained by using a 0.5-MHz acoustic suspended sediment, monitor. High temporal and spatial resolution acoustic profiling of fine suspension concentration provides both the instantaneous vertical profile of concentration and information on the continuous dynamic processes of fine sediment erosion, transport, and deposition. Calibrated acoustic images revealed 1) highly stratified suspensions, 2) resuspension of the cohesive mud, bed, and 3) re-entrainment of the near-bed high concentration suspensions by turbulent shear flow. Within the near-bed high concentration suspensions, two different frequencies of highly episodic resuspension processes were identified: high frequency resuspension, lasting, a few seconds low frequency resuspension, lasting a few minutes. The highest concentrations, associated with low velocity and high salinity, were found close to the cohesive mud bed. Lutoclines were persistent features during the measurements.