地基沉降计算中压缩层厚度确定方法的比较

地基沉降计算中压缩层厚度确定方法主要有应变控制法和应力控制法两种.按这两种方法计算地基沉降,经比较可看出按应变控制法来确定压缩层厚度是不太合理的,其原因是由于按应变控制法确定的压缩层厚度与基底附加应力大小无关.最后给出了确定压缩层厚度方法的建议.     

油罐地基压缩层厚度的研究

变形控制是在软土上建造油罐的一个重要环节，而如何确定压缩层厚度一直是影响沉降计算的一个关键因素。本文列出了根据不同取法所算得的压缩层厚度以及相应的沉降量，并把现场实测值与其进行比较，以此来研究对于油罐地基，怎样确定其压缩层厚度才比较合理。     

分层总和法在路基沉降计算中应注意的几个问题

在应用分层总和法对路基沉降计算中应注意的问题 :梯形断面荷载附加应力的计算、压缩层厚度的确定、压缩模量的确定 ,进行了初步的探讨 ,对公路路基设计施工具有实际的指导意义     

CFG桩复合地基褥垫层三维弹塑性分析

在CFG桩复合地基中, 褥垫层的设置厚度和模量对于复合地基的承载及变形特性有较大的影响。本文建立了CFG桩复合地基的三维弹塑性数值分析模型,研究了当采用不同厚度和模量的褥垫层时,复合地基沉降、桩端沉降、褥垫层压缩量和桩土应力等参数的变化规律。结果表明复合地基沉降和褥垫层压缩量随着垫层厚度的增加而增大,而随着垫层模量的增大而减小;垫层厚度和模量的变化对于桩端沉降的影响较小,从工程角度可认为桩端沉降不随垫层厚度与垫层模量的变化而变化;桩土应力比随垫层厚度的增大而减小,随垫层模量的增大而增大。本文建立的分析模型还可进一步对CFG桩复合地基的其他参数进行相应的分析计算,分析结果可以为复合地基的设计和施工提供相应的理论依据。     

软土地区桩基沉降分析

通过对已有类似工程的桩基沉降分析,结合科研课题研究成果,运用不同的方法对上海市嘉定区某工程的桩基沉降进行了计算,并对本工程压缩层范围内的土层压缩模量进行了统计,对计算结果进行了分析.     

软土e-p曲线确定的简化方法及在非线性沉降计算中的应用

首先假设软土的压缩曲线符合双曲线方程,并通过某工程一系列的数据进行验证,验证结果表明双曲线假定比较符合软土压缩曲线;由于双曲线方程参数相对较少,数据拟合确定比较简单易行,可对实际工程软土地基沉降进行简化计算并能满足工程的精度要求;同时还针对目前地质报告一般不提供详细的孔隙比-压缩应力（简称e-p）试验数据的情况,对e-p双曲线方程提出了一个只采用初始孔隙比e0、压缩模量Es来确定其参数的简化方法。在此基础上,基于e-p曲线确定邓肯-张模型的切线模量Et,采用分层总和法应用于软土地基的非线性沉降计算。对计算结果与实测数据进行比较分析表明,所提出的方法是切实可行的。     

深层搅拌桩复合地基沉降计算探讨

在分析深层搅拌桩复合地基变形机理基础上,根据单元体计算模型确定出深层搅拌桩复合地基沉降计算模式,并考虑桩侧摩阻力分布形式及有效桩长的影响,利用弹性理论建立出深层搅拌桩复合地基加固区压缩量计算方法,同时采用Mindlin与Boussinesq解建立出深层搅拌桩复合地基下卧层沉降量计算方法,在探讨桩土分担荷载与深度系数确定方法基础上建立出深层搅拌桩复合地基沉降计算方法。工程实例计算表明,分层总和法计算结果偏大,本文理论计算值介于现有有限元法计算值与实测值之间,较已有理论方法计算值小,但比有限元法简单,比已有理论方法更具合理性。     

孔压静力触探(CPTU)确定地基土压缩模量方法研究

基于最小二乘法求解超定方程组原理,通过参数反分析,探讨了多层地基条件下,结合地基沉降资料,利用CPTU原位测试技术快速确定地基土压缩模量的方法研究,以求按照土层获得不同的压缩模量与锥尖阻力的经验系数.并结合崇启大桥北接线工程的CPTU试验进行了实例计算.结果表明:CPTU计算压缩模量是室内试验的2倍,与其他原位试验结果...     

高层住宅短桩基础的沉降分析

对高层住宅（１９层）采用短桩基础处理,是一种有效的地期处理方法。本文运用四种不同的方法估算桩基础的沉降量,得到了短桩基础的沉降数据范围。通过四种计算结果与实测值的对比分析,提出了更为接近工程实际的计算模式。     

分层总和法计算沉降的几点改进

利用Matlab6.1平台,通过编制可视化应用程序,对分层总和法计算沉降的传统方法作了较大的改进,地基中的附加应力采用原始积分公式,压缩曲线采用双曲线形式,使用非线性最小二乘法进行拟合处理,压缩层计算深度与分层厚度不再受到限制,数据输入、输出及沉降计算过程均通过可视化界面进行操作,不再需要通过查表、查图计算基础底面的沉降,计算过程简单便利,计算结果重复性好,具有较大的实际应用价值。     

考虑固结历史的结构性软土路基沉降数值模拟

沿海地区广泛分布结构性海相软土,给公路运营带来很多安全隐患。通过研究某高速公路江苏段,提出了基于Shanghai软土本构模型,利用现有路基下软土的固结试验结果反推施工前原状土本构参数取值的方法。通过水-土耦合有限元程序模拟路基长期沉降,分析了土层结构性、渗透性、软土层厚度对路基沉降发展的影响。结果表明,土层初始结构性越强,加载阶段孔隙累积值越大,施工沉降越大;工后土体结构性变化越大,土层压缩越明显。土体渗透性影响路基沉降,渗透性越小,累积孔压越大,沉降时间越长,总沉降量与工后沉降占比越大。软土层厚度影响路基沉降发展,土层越厚,路基最终沉降越大,沉降稳定时间越长。     

Interference effect of two nearby strip footings on layered soil: theory of elasticity approach

In recent times, rapid urbanisation coupled with scarcity of land forces several structures to come up ever closer to each other, which may sometime cause severe damage to the structures from both strength and serviceability point of view, and therefore, a need is felt to devise simplified methods to capture the effect of footing interference. In the present study, an attempt has been made to model the settlement behaviour of two strip footings placed in close spacing on layered soil deposit consisting of a strong top layer underlying a weak bottom layer. Theory of elasticity is employed to derive the governing differential equations and subsequently solved by the finite difference method. The perfectly rough strip footings are considered to be resting on the surface of two-layer soil system, and the soil is assumed to behave as linear elastic material under a range of static foundation load. The effect of various parameters such as the elastic moduli and thickness of two layers, clear spacing between the footings and footing load on the settlement behaviour of closely spaced footings has been determined. The variation of vertical normal stress at the interface of two different soil layers as well as at the base of the failure domain also forms an important part of this study. The results are presented in terms of settlement ratio (ξ_δ), and their variation is obtained with the change in clear spacing between two footings. The present theoretical investigation indicates that the settlement of closely spaced footings is found to be higher than that of single isolated footing, which further reduces with increase in the spacing between the footings.     

地质学方法估算准噶尔盆地西山窑组剥蚀厚度

综合利用地层对比法和沉积速率法估算了准噶尔盆地西山窑组剥蚀厚度，用全盆地34条二维区域地震测线资料，估算了西山窑组剥蚀厚度的平面分布特征。利用单井的地质分层和精细年代格架数据，估算了西山窑组的单井剥蚀厚度。对比结果表明，两者剥蚀厚度的估算结果相近，绝对误差最大不超过50m，相对误差在20％以内。估算结果表明，准噶尔盆地腹部西山窑组剥蚀厚度为100-400m，且自北东向南西，剥蚀厚度逐渐增大，在南部剥蚀厚度可大于400m。     

Closely spaced rectangular footings on reinforced sand

In this paper, an analysis has been presented for calculating the pressure of an adjacent rectangular footing resting on reinforced sand for a given settlement. An approximate method has been suggested to compute the ultimate bearing capacity of adjacent footings resting on reinforced earth slab. The computation of normal force on the reinforcement area and estimation of interfacial friction coefficient at different layer levels are two essential steps in computation of pressure ratio. The process has been simplified by presenting suitable charts in non-dimensional form that can be directly used by practicing engineers.     

Settlement of a soil stratum subjected to an earthquake

A settlement analysis of a cohesionless soil layer subjected to an earthquake is presented. A theoretical solution utilizing Bessel functions and based on the so-called densification model for amplitudes has been obtained. This permits to calculate the settlement under cyclic loading. The simplified formula is also presented which allows for the fast and straightforward estimation of settlement. A numerical example is included giving the comparison of results obtained by different methods.     

地基沉降修正系数的Bayes概率推断

通过分析常规方法在沉降修正系数的选取中具有的定值性和随意性,引入建立在过去信息和现在样本信息之上的Bayes理论,结合某客运专线红黏土路基工程,提出用后验分布得到修正系数的取值范围。实例研究表明,用以往经验综合样本信息,估计修正系数的先验概率在某一区间上服从均匀分布。由现场载荷试验实测沉降量与理论计算沉降量分析所得的修正系数,将现场量测的沉降变形信息与先验信息结合起来,利用Bayes统计理论,由小样本试验数据推算得到修正系数的后验概率服从正态分布。对后验分布所得参数进行区间估计,得到该区域红黏土地基沉降修正系数的取值优化区间为 [1.0, 1.7],分析了不同荷载作用条件下沉降修正系数的概率分布模型。     

Model Test on Self-Weight Consolidation of the Red Mud Tailings Placed in the Karsts

The management of tailings depends on its consolidation behavior to great extent. The red mud tailings in Pingguo, Guangxi is of high water content and void ratio. The present paper takes the red mud aluminiferous tailings in Pingguo, Guangxi as prototype. Model tests were carried out to study the consolidation behavior of red mud aluminiferous tailings that were landfilled layer by layer. The layered settlement and the water discharge caused by self-weight consolidation were studied. The influence of the latter landfilled layer of red mud on the previous layer was analyzed. The results show that the settlement at the surface with time can be divided into two stages. During the first stage, a thin layer of water appeared and the thickness kept increasing at the top of the mud surface with the particle of red mud sinking. During the second stage, water drained from the mud and settlement developed slowly. Cracks developed at the surface due to evaporation and the red mud near the surface became unsaturated. When the previous landfilled layer consolidated to the degree that the water content was less than 40%, the later landfilled layer of red mud will have little influence on the settlement of previous landfilled layer.     

浅埋隧道冻结法施工地表冻胀融沉规律及冻结壁厚度优化研究

浅埋隧道对地表冻胀、融沉变形有严格要求。针对珠机城际轨道交通项目联络通道冻结壁设计改进问题,基于热?力耦合理论,利用有限差分数值计算方法对冻结法施工全过程进行模拟,通过比较研究不同厚度冻结壁模型引起的地表冻胀、融沉变形及隧道管片变形规律,实现冻结壁厚度的优化设计。研究表明：（1）该数值模型可有效模拟地表冻胀、融沉变形,利用已查明数值误差对计算结果进行折减可得到较为准确的实际变形预测值;（2）不同模型地表冻胀、融沉规律大致相同,但变形量及影响范围随冻结壁厚度减小呈递减趋势,当冻结壁厚度为2.5 m及以下时变形基本满足规程要求;（3）土体冻胀、融沉变形并非简单的互逆过程,融沉变形通常大于冻胀变形,平均超出量达40%,应特别注意;（4）冻结壁厚度越大相应产生的冻胀力越大,通过优化冻结壁厚度可有效控制隧道管片附加应力及变形的产生,保护已建隧道结构安全;（5）综合选定2.5 m为冻结壁改进厚度,成果直接应用于4#联络通道冻结法施工,经现场监测表明该优化方案有效、可行,对类似工程冻结壁厚度设计具有较好的推广应用价值。     

垫层对水泥土搅拌桩复合地基沉降的影响研究

根据静载荷试验和数值模拟的结果,研究垫层厚度对水泥土搅拌桩复合地基沉降的影响规律。针对珠海地区广泛存在的淤泥质土,进行了天然地基和4种垫层厚度的水泥土搅拌桩复合地基现场静载荷试验。在地基中预埋沉降管和沉降磁环,利用带刻度的探头感应加载过程中沉降磁环位置的变化,获取地基的分层沉降量,据此分析复合地基的沉降规律。在现场试验的基础上,对水泥土搅拌桩4桩复合地基进行了数值分析,将数值计算得到的不同垫层厚度复合地基中桩、土的分层沉降进行比较,结果表明垫层的设置减小了桩的沉降量,但过厚的垫层不能够有效地提高复合地基的承载力,反而会增大沉降。建议对褥垫层厚度的选取,除了要综合承载力和沉降两方面因素之外,还要考虑实际的地质条件。垫层厚度可取20～40 cm,当淤泥层位于桩身中部以下取高值,位于桩身中上部取低值。     

柔性基础下复合地基下卧层沉降特性的数值分析

采用复合本构有限元和传统有限元两种计算模型,通过不同桩土模量比和置换率条件下复合地基、双层地基、人工均质地基下卧层沉降与天然地基相应计算结果的比较,系统地研究了复合地基下卧层的沉降特性,并在此基础上建立了相应的计算方法。