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绳索取心复合钻柱在岩心钻探“满眼钻进”过程中,钻杆易出现不同程度的划痕、压痕及磨痕等情况。本文利用非线性有限元方法,采用三维管单元对绳索取心复合钻柱拉压两处截面的涡动轨迹、涡动速度、横向振动、纵向振动规律进行了分析。结果表明:转速的增加和钻压的增大会显著增加钻柱与井壁的碰撞次数;在相同钻压条件下,随着钻柱回转速度的增大,钻柱与井壁的碰撞机率增加、接触轨迹增长,致使钻柱与孔壁的滑动摩擦机会增多;钻柱的涡动速度均值将随钻压和转速的增加而增大,转速大于钻压的影响;转速的增加则会加大钻柱的横向振荡频率,钻压的增大会增加钻柱横截面的纵向振荡幅值。 相似文献
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小直径水平钻井在钻探中应用广泛,可以有效提高效率,降低成本。但钻柱与井壁之间存在较大的摩阻,导致出现托压现象,影响钻压传递,进而严重影响钻进效率。本文研究了一种基于涡轮-转阀驱动的小直径水力振荡减阻技术,通过振荡器的轴向振动,降低钻柱在钻井过程中所受阻力,提高钻进效率。文章从振动减阻器的研究现状、结构设计和实验结果等方面做了系统分析,得到实验结论:当泵排量相同时,振动频率越小,振幅越大,此时转速对压降影响较小。在转速保持不变的情况下,泵排量越大,振幅越大,且压降明显增加。这一研究成果可为该技术的发展提供一定参考。 相似文献
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考虑非饱和黏土边坡的基质吸力和渗流力,根据水位线位于滑面上、下的临界平衡状态,分别建立了滑体条块极限平衡状态下力和力矩平衡式,获得了降雨条件下非饱和黏土边坡稳定性的极限平衡条分法计算式。通过试验、参量变换以及作用力的位置关系可以确定相关参量,并采用数值计算求解临界平衡状态下滑体条块的相互作用力系数和非饱和边坡安全系数。案例结果表明:考虑渗流力时的非饱和黏土边坡安全系数比不考虑渗流力的安全系数降低约13.8%,且考虑渗流力作用的条间力作用系数变化率明显大于不考虑渗流力的结果;当降雨强度超过一定值时,坡面径流很快形成,边坡出现不稳定的时间基本相同。 相似文献
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为了研究渗透水压力和轴向应力共同作用时隧道围岩的应力和位移变化趋势,将圆形隧道简化为轴对称模型,假定渗透场以渗透体积力作用在原应力场,以围岩开挖断面为假定平面,引入垂直于该平面的轴向应力。基于广义Hoek-Brown强度准则和非关联流动法则,推导出考虑轴向应力和渗透场共同作用时弹-脆-塑性围岩的应力和位移非线性解,采用数值算例分析了轴向应力和渗透力共同作用时隧道围岩塑性区应力场和位移场的分布规律。计算结果表明:与无渗透水压力作用下的模型相比,渗透力作用使得围岩塑性区各点位移增大,并且内外水头差越大,位移增大越明显。当轴向应力为中主应力时,围岩塑性区半径和塑性区各点应力增大,轴向应力为大主应力和小主应力时,围岩塑性区半径和塑性区应力变化较小。因此,渗透力的存在不利于隧道围岩的稳定性,并且轴向应力的大小对于富水地区隧道围岩的应力和位移分布具有较大影响。在施工设计时考虑渗透力以及轴向应力的共同影响对于保证隧道围岩稳定性具有重要意义。 相似文献
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为解决现有研究中难以通过随钻获取孔底钻进参数,仅利用孔口数据进行回转钻进操作参数优化准确性不高、提升效果不足的问题,通过构造孔内状态观测器估计孔底钻进参数信息,提出基于钻柱状态的坑道近水平回转钻进智能优化方法。首先分析煤矿井下坑道回转钻进特性,考虑实钻约束条件,提出机械钻速和钻头磨损的优化目标评价方法;随后建立轴向和扭转维度的集中质量钻柱动力学模型,构建基于该模型的钻柱状态空间方程,得到了孔口-孔底钻柱运动状态映射关系;基于此设计了状态观测器,利用李雅普诺夫稳定性分析方法,得到反馈增益矩阵L,以估计孔底钻头的运动状态,并进行仿真分析评价;最后综合孔口采集的数据和孔底状态估计,运用NSGA-Ⅱ多目标优化算法实现了动力头转速和给进压力的优化,并利用安徽淮南某煤矿实钻数据进行了验证。结果表明,基于钻柱状态估计孔底信息进行优化后的钻速和司钻操作相比预计提升32.47%,仅利用孔口实测数据优化后的钻速仅预计提升15.04%,基于钻柱状态估计的坑道回转钻进智能优化方法更具优势,孔底估计钻进信息对提升钻进水平具有关键作用,研究对煤矿坑道回转钻孔实现高效、智能钻进具有重要理论与实际意义。 相似文献
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地震作用下加筋土坡临界高度研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以塑性极限分析理论为基础,假定破裂面为对数螺旋面,考虑加筋机理和地震力的作用,提出了加筋土坡临界高度的计算模型。应用该计算模型,不仅能考虑地震力的作用,而且能考虑不同的加筋机理对临界高度的影响。通过与前人静力试验结果的对比发现,基于复合加筋机理得到的临界高度比基于单一加筋机理得到的临界高度要偏大,且更接近于实测值,表明了该理论及其求解方法的有效性和可靠性。通过对地震作用下加筋边坡的临界高度分析表明,地震力作用下摩擦加筋机理对临界高度基本没有影响,主要是准粘聚力机理在起作用。该方法可对加筋边坡临界高度的设计提供有益的指导和参考。 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压,而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩,榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中,并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体,表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用,且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次(或阶段)却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断:超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部(俯冲板块前部)形成的;榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的,其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升,遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。 相似文献
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黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
自1954年有水文观测资料以来,黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出,鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低,当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流,这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水,提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力,今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。 相似文献
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K. Johannsen 《Computational Geosciences》2003,7(3):169-182
The Elder problem is an example of a density driven flow, motivated by experiments of a thermally driven convection in porous media. It is a mathematical benchmark problem used for code verification of density driven flow simulators and comparison of issues related to its numerical treatment. Its bifurcation diagram with respect to the Rayleigh number is investigated on a hierarchy of uniformly refined grids. Eleven stationary solutions are shown to exist for the Elder problem. Similar solutions can be found using the Boussinesq approximation. Despite this similarity the corresponding bifurcation diagrams are shown to be topologically not equivalent. This gives rise to serious doubts on the validity of Boussinesq approximation for this model problem. Grid convergence is investigated for the numerically obtained solutions. 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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Mine-water chemistry: the good, the bad and the ugly 总被引:24,自引:3,他引:24
David Banks Paul L. Younger Rolf-Tore Arnesen Egil R. Iversen S. B. Banks 《Environmental Geology》1997,32(3):157-174
Contaminative mine drainage waters have become one of the major hydrogeological and geochemical problems arising from mankind's
intrusion into the geosphere. Mine drainage waters in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom are of three main types: (1) saline
formation waters; (2) acidic, heavy-metal-containing, sulphate waters derived from pyrite oxidation, and (3) alkaline, hydrogen-sulphide-containing,
heavy-metal-poor waters resulting from buffering reactions and/or sulphate reduction. Mine waters are not merely to be perceived
as problems, they can be regarded as industrial or drinking water sources and have been used for sewage treatment, tanning
and industrial metals extraction. Mine-water problems may be addressed by isolating the contaminant source, by suppressing
the reactions releasing contaminants, or by active or passive water treatment. Innovative treatment techniques such as galvanic
suppression, application of bactericides, neutralising or reducing agents (pulverised fly ash-based grouts, cattle manure,
whey, brewers' yeast) require further research.
Received: 13 August 1996 · Accepted: 3 January 1997 相似文献