新疆查岗诺尔铁矿地质特征及成矿期次划分

新疆和静县查岗诺尔铁矿床位于伊犁微板块北缘博罗科努岛弧带.矿区广泛出露石炭纪火山岩.该矿床由6个矿体组成,其中FeⅠ矿体为该铁矿床的主要矿体.主要矿石矿物磁铁矿的化学成分组成中,Fe2O3含量与SiO2含量大致呈此消彼长关系.矿区的主要矿物共生组合为磁铁矿+石榴石+阳起石(绿帘石)组合.矿床大致可以分为2个成矿时期和5个成矿阶段,即隐爆-矿浆成矿时期的矿浆成矿阶段和热液成矿阶段;隐爆-热液成矿期的磁铁矿-石榴石阶段、阳起石-绿帘石阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段.矿床成因属于受到热液作用叠加改造的火山岩型铁矿床.     

闹牛山铜矿床构造运动地质特征

闹牛山铜矿床是与中基性和弱酸性火山岩和次火山岩有关的脉状矿床。矿区出露的地层主要为上侏罗统的的陆相沉积—火山岩,出露的岩浆岩主要是中基性和弱酸性火山岩和次火山岩。矿区处于北北东向深断裂构造控制的复合火山构造地块中,断裂构造发育,赋矿围岩为安山玢岩、安山质角砾凝灰岩、闪长玢岩等。成矿岩体为弱酸性斜长花岗斑岩、霏细斑岩。矿体受北东向、北北东向及北西向断裂构造控制。主要近矿围岩蚀变为钾长石化、硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化。工业矿物主要为黄铜矿,伴生有益元素为Pb、Zn、Ag、Au等。矿石结构有半自形粒状和它形粒状结构、交代残余结构、胶状结构、固溶体分解及包含结构等。矿石构造有细脉浸染状、脉状和块状构造等。成矿期可分为4个阶段,矿床属高中温岩浆热液脉状矿床。     

平阴县大顶山铁矿地质特征及找矿标志研究

平阴县大顶山铁矿床矿体赋存于新太古代泰山岩群山草峪组变质岩地层,为“变质沉积岩型铁矿床”,也被称为“鞍山式”铁矿,矿石主要为磁铁矿,矿带走向为175°,总体向东倾斜,由南、北两个矿体组成呈带状展布,层状产出为主,埋深270～490m,矿体平均厚度分别为1.02和1.60m,岩性为磁铁角闪石英岩,成分分析其S和P含量较低,矿石结构以半自形—它形粒状变晶结构为主。从矿体特征、矿石质量、矿石类型等方面分析,矿床的形成发生在山草峪组的中下部,由滨海-浅海自然环境中的火山碎屑沉积物构成的海底火山喷发是铁质矿物的重要来源。结合矿体地质特征,将地层标志、地球物理标志、矿体的赋存特征标志确定为本次工作的找矿标志,为今后当地寻找同类型铁矿提供经验借鉴。     

安徽芜湖市施墩铁矿成矿特征及开采技术探讨

施墩铁矿位于芜湖市鸠江区沈巷镇160°方向,平距约6km,行政区划隶属芜湖市鸠江区沈巷镇管辖。三叠系中统徐家山组为矿区主要铁矿含矿层位,岩体为成矿提供了一定的物质来源,是主要的成矿母岩。岩体接触带的凹陷构造与成矿关系密切,主要矿体受岩体接触带凹陷构造控制明显,矿体形态呈似层状、透镜状及不规则状。矿化蚀变主要为钠长石化和碳酸盐化等,蚀变越强烈,与铁矿化关系越密切。矿床开采技术条件综合归类为Ⅲ-4类型。     

内蒙古三河铅锌矿床同位素特征与矿床成因探讨

三河铅锌矿床主要产于北西西向的构造裂隙中,矿体多呈脉状、透镜状,严格受构造的控制,矿床成因类型为中低温岩浆热液型铅锌矿床。该矿床处于得尔布干成矿带的北段,构造发育,岩浆活动频繁。铅同位素数据指示成矿金属来自地幔和地壳,硫同位素δ34SCDT在+1.6‰~+6.2‰之间,具有幔源岩浆热液来源的特征。成矿热液的主体是以岩浆水和大气降水的混合水为主。     

内蒙古查干花钼矿地质特征及成因探讨

内蒙古中部地槽褶皱系(Ⅰ)苏尼特右旗晚华力西地槽褶皱带(Ⅱ),宝音图台隆(Ⅲ)中段,苏吉音花复背斜(Ⅳ)南翼,矿体赋存于早二叠世花岗闪长岩内,主要受北北西和北东向断裂构造带控制。钼矿化围岩蚀变包括硅化、绢云母化、绢英岩化等。根据查干花钼矿成矿地质特征,矿床成因属印支期岩浆热液型。区域内石英—钾长石化、石英—绢云母化、石英—孔雀石化等面状蚀变晕是重点找矿标志,为今后同类型区域地质找矿及成矿规律研究提供了资料依据。     

广东茅岭铁矿地质特征及矿床成因

茅岭铁矿位于广东省东源县,侵入岩体为黑云母花岗岩。该矿床主要产于三叠系地层中,矿体赋存于矽卡岩中,由磁铁矿和透辉石两种矿石组成。通过地质特征综合分析,该矿床属于接触交代—热液铁矿床。     

安徽省萧县旗杆楼铁矿成矿特征研究

旗杆楼铁矿分为两个中小型矿床杨套楼铁矿洪河集铁矿,矿体的形态及分布受接触带控制,主要呈透镜状和薄板状产出。该矿床是一个以矽卡岩型为主的磁铁矿床,具有多期多阶段成矿特征。主要控矿因素是构造、岩浆岩,奥陶系下统萧县组是良好的成矿围岩。     

布敦花铜矿矿床特征及控矿因素探讨

布敦花矿区内矿床类型有热液脉状类型和细脉浸染型(斑岩型)两类。热液脉状矿床分布于布敦花岩浆杂岩体北侧外带孔雀山矿段,赋矿围岩主要为角岩化的变质砂岩、板岩、黑云母角岩以及闪长玢岩等。矿体以不规则弯曲的脉状为主,在大脉旁侧围岩中有广泛的网脉状矿化。矿脉自南向北近于左列雁行排列。斑岩型矿床赋存于布敦花岩浆杂岩体南翼内带金鸡岭矿段,矿化面积较大,矿化分散,矿石品位相对较低(Cu一般在0.2%-0.7%),矿体埋深通常在250-300 m。主矿体赋存于隐伏的斜长花岗斑岩岩体顶部起伏界面之外接触带下二叠统寿山沟组及中侏罗统万宝组地层内,矿化受斜长花岗斑岩形态的控制。     

广东省白云地铅锌矿床矿石结构构造特征及矿床成因探讨

通过野外钻孔地质编录和室内显微镜下观察,对白云地矿区的矿石特征进行较系统的研究。矿区的矿石构造类型主要为块状构造、网脉状构造、浸染状构造、角砾状构造、晶洞构造等,为典型热液充填成因的矿石构造。矿石结构类型按其成因划分为六类13种,主要为结晶成因和交代成因形成的结构,其次为压力成因和固溶体分离成因形成的结构。根据矿石的结构构造特征,结合矿体产出特征,确定白云地铅锌矿为中―低温热液破碎带充填型铅锌矿床。     

Basic concepts in three-part quantitative assessments of undiscovered mineral resources

Since 1975, mineral resource assessments have been made for over 27 areas covering 5×10⁶ km² at various scales using what is now called the three-part form of quantitative assessment. In these assessments, (1) areas are delineated according to the types of deposits permitted by the geology,(2) the amount of metal and some ore characteristics are estimated using grade and tonnage models, and (3) the number of undiscovered deposits of each type is estimated.Permissive boundaries are drawn for one or more deposit types such that the probability of a deposit lying outside the boundary is negligible, that is, less than 1 in 100,000 to 1,000,000.     

On a proposed plutonic porphyry gold deposit model

A plutonic porphyry gold deposit model is proposed that is imilar to the plutonic porphyry copper deposit model. However, unlike the plutonic porphyry copper deposit model, the proposed model is deficient in copper and contains less than 1 percent total sulfides. In the proposed model, gold is accompanied by scheelite, molybdenite, arsenopyrite, a variety of bismuth sulfides, tellurides, and native bismuth. The host rock varies from granite to granodiorite stock. Most of the ore is in the pluton. Deposits cited as examples of the proposed model are the Mokrsko deposit in Czechoslovakia, the Fort Knox deposit in the United States, and the Dublin Gulch deposit in Canada. In each of these deposits, pervasive potassic or phyllic alteration zones accompany the gold ore, which is disseminated in quartz-rich stockworks, veinlet swarms, and veins. Tonnages of gold-bearing material are large, but grades are low in the cited deposits. The proposed model is distinct from other gold deposit models because of the low Cu to Au ratio and the association of Au, Bi, W, and Mo.     

青海昆特依和马海盐湖区钾镁盐矿床固体矿的基本特征

该文根据相关研究资料，详细探讨了青海昆特位和马海盐湖区钾镁盐矿床固体矿的成因、物质成份、矿床的规模以及矿床的沉积特征，并且对两地区固体矿形成模式作了研究。     

马来半岛地区New Discovery金矿地球化学特征及意义

本文对马来半岛中央金成矿带北段的New Discovery金矿地球化学特征进行了分析。主要得出:主量元素特征表明该矿床火山碎屑岩为钙碱性铝过饱和系列岩石。微量元素表明可将13种元素分成4个组合:Cr、Co、Cu、Sc、W、Ba;Pb、Ag、Zn;Sb、Ni;Bi、Mo。第一组合为成矿成晕组合,第二组合为多金属矿化组合,第三组合为硫化物蚀变组合;元素组合也对应于不同的矿化阶段。稀土元素分析结果表明,该岩石属轻稀土富集型,铕弱负异常。稀土配分曲线为平缓的右倾。New Discovery金矿床的原岩为中性火山岩,且形成于岛弧——活动大陆边缘区域。     

河南省罗山县陡坡花岗斑岩型钼矿床地质特征及成因探讨

陡坡钼矿床是一新发现的中型钼矿床,该矿床赋存于早白垩世灵山超单元岩体与围岩的接触带内侧,矿化类型主要为细脉浸染状。矿床中金属矿物主要为黄铜矿、辉钼矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿、磁铁矿、赤铁矿,次为磁黄铁矿、斑铜矿等。灵山超单元花岗岩岩石类型属高硅富碱钙碱性(偏碱性)系列,SiO2含量72～77%,K2O+Na2O总量大于7.9%,K2O/Na2O大于1。矿床的围岩蚀变叠加组合主要为硅化——钾长石化——黄铁矿化组合、硅化——绿泥石化——黄铁矿化组合。该矿床属中高温热液斑岩型钼矿床,结合岩浆岩特征,成矿作用于与岩体关系密切,并可能受幔源岩浆混合作用的影响。     

Three-dimensional geological environment simulation of submarine exhalative sediments

On the basis of the major metal grades from the super-large Bainiuchang Ag-rich polymetallic ore deposit, enrichment evolution processes were divided into three populations by using a new multiple time-series model. Population 1 shows the highest temporal/spatial autocorrelation with the ore-forming processes. Population 3 is considered to be a white noise process. The lithologies of populations 1 and 2 are closely related to submarine exhalative hydrothermal sedimentation. By using a semi-Markov process and a dynamic lithologic ratio parameter model, the paleogeographic environment of the bathyal basin in which the Bainiuchang Agrich polymetallic ore deposit formed was simulated. The result of the simulation suggests that four major submarine exhalation cycles occurred during basin evolution. Hydrothermal sedimentary metallization took place in the middle stage of each cycle. Hydrothermal sedimentation in each of the four cycles suggests an evolution from weak to strong to stronger to weak. Debris and turbidity currents related to syndepositional faulting along the northwestern margin of the basin and submarine hydrothermal exhalation originated from vents and flowed from northwest to southeast. A three-dimensional, finite-element method was used to simulate quantitatively the dynamic evolution of the temperature field of heat fluid circulation. A model is proposed that allows for the submarine heat fluid circulation from seawater that percolates downward, the upflow along a syndepositional falut to exhalation on the seafloor, and the formation of lenticular ore bodies in a single tectonic pulse. Comparison of the simulated temperature field and the mixing population of thermometric data of fluid inclusions suggests that the major submarine exhalation took about 35,000 years and that after 15,000 years from the initial establishment of the temperature field, the temperature of heat fluid circulation at the vents reached a maximum of 280°C.     

Multi-scale Numerical Simulation and 3D Modeling for Deep Mineral Exploration in the Jiaojia Gold District,China

In this study, deposit- and district-scale three-dimensional (3D) fault-and-intrusion structure models were constructed, based on which a numerical simulation was implemented in the Jiaojia gold district, China. The numerical simulation of the models shows the basic metallogenic path and trap of the gold deposits using mineral system theory. The objective of this study was to delineate the uncertainty of the geometry or buffer zones of the ore-forming and ore-controlling fault-and-intrusion domains in 3D environment representing the exploration criteria extraction and the gold potential targeting in the study area. The fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in three dimensions was used as the platform to define the stress deformation fracture ore storage and the hydrothermal seepage channel zone based on the gold deposit features and metallogenic model in the study area. The validity of the numerical simulation was verified by comparing it with robust 3D geological models of the large Xincheng gold deposit. The potential targeting zones are analyzed for uncertainty and then evaluated by Boolean operation in a 3D geological model using the computer-aided design platform. The research results are summarized as follows. (1) In the pre-mineralization period, the Jiaodong fault’s left lateral movement created the Jiaojia network faults and formed a fracture zone with NW- to NNW-trending dips of 20° to 40°. (2) During the mineralization period, hydrothermal flow was associated with the intrusion geometry and features. However, it was constrained by the Jiaojia fault, which blocked the vadose flow into the upper wall rock and made the hydrothermal route close to the fault in the footwall fracture zones. (3) Three gold potential targets were identified by the numerical simulation results in the study area: the NW-trending Sizhuang gold deposit, the NW-trending zone of Jiaojia gold deposit, and the NE-trending zone of the Xincheng gold deposit. (4) The numerical simulation results show the fault-and-intrusion metallogenic domain and the hydrothermal alteration zones, which reflect the main ore-controlling and ore-forming factors of mineralization. The information obtained through the numerical simulation discussed here can be used to define exploration criteria in the study area.

     

内蒙古牙克石市秧草沟铅锌银钼矿化探特征及找矿意义

秧草沟铅锌银钼矿位于植被覆盖严重、基岩裸露零星的大兴安岭林区,该铅锌银钼矿床是在1︰1万土壤测量及其所圈定的化探异常查证基础上,通过地表槽探工程揭露、中深部钻探工程验证发现的,现已圈定矿体27个,初步概算铅锌银、钼资源量已达中型矿床规模。该矿区的找矿经验对在地表覆盖厚、基岩裸露稀少的林区开展找矿工作具有指导意义。     

柴达木盆地盐湖锂矿床成矿过程及分布规律

柴达木盆地盐湖蕴藏230×10~4t锂,集中分布在别勒滩、东西台等4个盐湖,占我国卤水锂资源总量~80%,战略资源地位不言而喻。近年来提锂技术及工程化研究倍受重视,而对盐湖锂矿成因和分布规律的了解凸显不足,锂矿资源流失严重与之不无关联。研究查明,昆仑山高温热泉群含锂泉水长期注入洪—那河,流入终端盐湖,蒸发富集成矿;锂的年输入通量748.8 t,结合区内盐湖锂矿总储量保守估算,成矿期始于14 ka BP之后;洪—那河早期主要流向别勒滩,在山前冲积扇向北推进、扇前河改道北流后,方才形成含锂河水当前分配格局。据此,破解了别勒滩锂矿在研究区储量最大的原由。还查明了锂矿床仅存在于别勒滩,而在达布逊等3个区段不能成矿的原因。阐明了锂的来源与新生代火山喷发岩、深部岩浆房、昆仑大断裂活动有关,以及含锂热水持续远程输送至盐湖成矿的地貌和水文气候动因。企业应当根据锂的分布规律和矿床特征,迅速转变钾肥生产模式。     

云南兰坪—思茅盆地勐野井钾盐矿床盐构造特征及成因机制

云南兰坪—思茅盆地南部勐野井钾盐矿床沉积了巨厚的钾石盐,岩盐层整体呈现盐构造特征,且发育较强,多期褶皱频出,与上覆碎屑岩之间呈不整合或假整合接触。在喜马拉雅运动造成的强烈挤压和差异负载作用及盆地升降过程中的重力滑移作用下,岩盐形成较为复杂的盐构造体系。研究表明勐野井钾盐矿床盐构造受多重作用影响,重力滑移作用是盐构造初始动力来源,之后在差异负载作用及浮力作用下,盐构造发育相对缓慢,强烈的区域挤压作用是盐构造快速发育的重要原因,并促进差异负载、重力滑移作用和浮力作用进一步发展,形成较为复杂的盐构造体系。盐构造的研究对于探寻钾盐矿体的成因、运动规律和成矿作用具有重要意义。