测边前方交会与测角前方交会的精度比较

本文以自由单基线前方交会图形为基本形式，分析了测边前方交会及测角前方交会的定点精度并给出了定点精度的表达形式，以正三角形等边交会为例分析了要达到了同等定位精度时两交会法所需的外业观测精度，从而为边角网平差中边，角权的合理确定提供了理论依据。     

DEM支持下的单倾斜影像三维量测方法

提出了基于DEM的单张倾斜航片快速量测方法。该方法根据影像与建筑物之间的位置、姿态等特征，推导出单张影像量测数学模型及计算公式，并选择试验区域对本文算法的精度进行验证。试验结果表明，研究区内平面点位误差小于0.13 m，建构筑物每层的垂直误差约为0.11 m，能够满足城市规划与管理的应用需求，可为城市三维数据获取提供经验和借鉴。     

特殊角微导线在数字化地籍测图中的应用

对数字化测图中地物表示的直角性、平行性、共线性特点进行分析,基于控制测量的导线理论,给出了用微导线法处理的公式和方法。     

测边前方交会与测角前方交会的精度比较

本文以自由单基线(双点)前方交会图形为基本形式,分析了测边前方交会及测角前方交会的定点精度并给出了定点精度的表达形式,以正三角形等边交会为例分析了要达到同等定位精度时两种交会法所需的外业观测精度,从而为边角网平差中边、角权的合理确定提供了理论依据。     

GIS信息辅助的单影像立体量测

为解决数字城市建设中精细三维信息的快速获取难题 ,本文提出一种GIS信息辅助的单影像立体量测算法用于实现建筑物的三维数据获取。其思路为 :通过检校摄影机获取影像内方位元素主点坐标 (x0 ,y0 )和主距f,然后将单张影像中房屋轮廓线分为分别平行于X、Y、Z三个方向的三组特征线 ,计算各组特征线的合点 ,求取影像的三个外方位角元素A、α、κ以反推摄影姿态 ,再从二维GIS数据库中提取地面位置信息 ,结合实际距离解算模型比例因子λ ,在以上参数的基础上进行建筑物的立体量测获取建筑物的高度。针对现实建筑物的多样性 ,本文还讨论了面向复杂建筑物的量测方法。文章最后通过实验验证了该算法的可行性     

基于线结构光视觉方法的绝缘子防污参数测量

提出了基于结构光视觉量测原理的绝缘子防污参数测量方法,采用非接触的测量方式高效地获取绝缘子带有结构光条影像,充分利用摄影测量、视觉量测技术和目标旋转体的几何结构特性,实现了变电站输变电设备带电工作状态下的绝缘子几何模型重建和防污参数量测。试验证明,该方法的自动化程度和精度可以满足绝缘子防污参数工程测量的要求,为变电设备调爬、带电水冲洗等防污工作的开展提供高精度的数据服务。     

基于固体潮观测的高精度垂直摆倾斜仪

针对地球固体潮汐监测的要求，介绍了高精度垂直摆倾斜仪的组成和工作原理；论述了差动电容测微传感器技术在垂直摆倾斜仪中的应用；采用空间多体中心构形理论进行倾斜仪机械结构设计；利用复杂双摆理论分析了摆体的动力学特性，并进行了摆体摆动误差的分析计算；提出了用静电进行垂直摆倾斜仪的标定方法。同时，对垂直摆倾斜仪的使用环境和应用情况进行了说明。     

城市三维数据获取技术发展探讨

三维数据的获取困难是阻碍三维GIS发展的关键瓶颈之一。城市作为人类生活的重要聚集地,是三维GIS应用的主要领域。本文总结了目前常用的几种城市三维数据获取方法,分析了各种方式的优缺点及适用范围。认为一旦开发出实用的三维空间数据获取的高效方法,必将对拓展GIS在城市领域的应用范围和数字城市建设起到极大的推动作用。     

GPS单历元定向和测姿算法及其精度分析

在GPS单历元阻尼LAMBDA算法的基础上，结合固定边长条件，给出了一种GPS定向定姿的新方法，同时给出了GPS单历元定向和定姿精度估算公式。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。