INFLUENTIAL FACTORS COMBINATION AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES IN STAGES OF URBAN COMPETITIVENESS ——Case Study of Suzhou in China

The urban competitive advantages rely on the combination and interaction of influential factors. As a dynamic progressive process, the city at different time has different competition influential factors combination. Because of this, the urban competitive advantages take on time-series characteristics. Stages of urban competition can be summed up into three ones, the basic factor-driven, the investment-driven and the innovation-driven. The finding of the study on the stages of urban competitive advantages in Suzhou is that in the current stage of Suzhou its competitive advantage is the investment-driven. The investment, especially FDI, plays remarkable functions for Suzhou competition with other cities.     

STUDY ON ECOLOGICAL SPACE OF URBAN AGGLOMERATION—Taking Wuxi City as an Example

From the angle of ecology, urban agglomeration presents relevant types of landscape structure, which in-clude Patch, Corridor and Matrix. There are different landscape features and different problems in different developmentphases. This paper has put forward five basic conditions for security pattern of landscape ecology of urban agglomeration,described quantitatively the features for landscape ecology in Wuxi, and analyzed ecological background of spatial expan-sion and spatial organization of urban development in Wuxi. From the angle of ecological land use and non-ecological landuse, the paper has analyzed the features of land use and ecological distribution of land in the urban area. The spatial mod-el of cities and towns in Wuxi is composed of one metropolis, two urban zones and three development axes. This thesishas planned preliminarily ecological protection network at four levels in the urban region according to four layers. At last,combining landscape ecology with urban space, a tentative security pattern of landscape ecology has been planned in Wux-i, namely Source-Buffer Zone and Metropolis, Radiating Routes and Expansion Direction of City, Strategic Point and Interac-tion between Cities and Towns, Inter-Source Linkage-Corridor of a Stable Landscape Structure.     

Measuring Network Configuration of the Yangtze River Middle Reaches Urban Agglomeration: Based on Modified Radiation Model

The objective of this study is to develop a framework for re-examining and re-defining the classical concepts of spatial interaction and reorganization in the urban system. We introduce a modified radiation model for spatial interactions, coupled with migration big data, transport accessibility algorithm, and city competitiveness assessment for efficient distribution of the inter-city flow through the network. The Yangtze River Middle Reaches(YRMR) urban agglomeration(UA) is chosen as the case study region to systematically identify and measure its spatial configuration and to gain insights for other UAs‘ sustainable development in China. The results are also compared with those computed by the classical gravity model to systematically discuss the applicability of spatial interaction laws and models, and related practical policies for regional sustainable development are discussed based on the findings as well. The conclusions are highlighted below: 1) Combining with the ?city network paradigm‘ and ?central place theory‘ can better express the spatial configurations of city systems in the context of ?space of flows‘; 2) The results validate the potentialities of a multi-analysis framework to assess the spatial configurations of city network based on the improved radiation model and network analysis tools; 3) The applications of spatial interaction models should be considered according to the specific geographical entity and its spatial scale.     

STUDY ON THE OPTIMUM PATTERN OF DAQING URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE

Daqing is a mining city that was set up on wetland by exploiting and processing petroleum.This paper points out that net-group urban system is the optimization mode for Daqing urban spatial structure through analyzing and appraising the present situation,characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of Daqing spatial structure.And the best way of optimizing Daqing urban spatial structure is to adopt sustainable development strategy,establish the coordinated grade structure of urban system,construct developed towns net system,prefect the function structure of the towns at all levels,make full use of resources and strengthen environmental protection.Spatial structure of Daqing must be according-ly adjusted in order to adapt to the transformation of future economy types and functions.Bsded on the foundation of keep-ing net group,the development should be from disperse to moderate centralization in order to give prominence to the multi-function of the central city.Constructing ruralizing city should be the future goal of Daqing City.     

Stability of Spatial Structure of Urban Agglomeration in China Based on Central Place Theory

This paper brings forward the concept of stability of the spatial structure of urban agglomeration(UA)based on Central Place Theory by introducing centrality index and fractal theory.Before assessment,K=4 is selected as parameter to calculate centrality index and fractal dimension(K represents the quantitive relationship between city and the counties in Central Place Theory),and then found the number of nodes,the type of spatial structure,the spatial al-location of nodes with different hierarchy affecting the stability of spatial structure.According to spatial contact direction and the level of stability,UAs in China are classified into five types.Finally,it is posed as a further question that how to use hierarchical relation K=6 and K=7 in central place system to coordinate with the assessment of stability of spatial structure is brought forward.     

Suburbanization and subcentering of population in Beijing metropolitan area: A nonparametric analysis

This study focuses on the suburbanization and subcentering of population and examines the nature of spatial restructuring in terms of the population distribution in the Beijing metropolitan area.Instead of the classic density function approach,we employ the nonparametric analysis to characterize the spatial pattern of population densities in the Beijing metropolitan area and identify the suburban subcenters.Our findings suggest that the population has spread with rapid urban growth in the Beijing metropolitan area,and the compact urban form has been replaced by a more dispersed polycentric spatial distribution.However,compared with the decentralization of western cities,the spatial extent of the decentralization of population in the Beijing metropolitan area is quite limited.The rapid growth of population in the near suburbs has expedited the sprawl of the central city,with a larger central agglomeration of population dominating the metropolitan area.In this sense,the spatial pattern of the Beijing metropolitan area is still characterized by the continuous compactness.However,our findings do provide the evidence that the city has been turning to a polycentric structure.We find significant population subcenters have emerged in the suburbs of Beijing since the 1980s.But the polycentricity emerged in the Beijing metropolitan area is very different by nature from that observed in Western cities.The subcenters emerged are adherent to the development scheme planned for the city,so it can be referred to as the so called ’planned polycentricity’.     

RESEARCH ON IMAGO SPACE OF VALLEY CITY—A Case Study of Lanzhou City

Currently domestic researches on urban imago space concentrate in a few cities that lie in the advanced region, such as Beijing, Guangzhou, Wuhan, etc., but in so far as those cities that lie in the northwest inland region, the research of this aspect is still few. In order to supplement a special example to the urban imago space theory and to validate former theory, this article studied the Lanzhou urban imago space. During the course of researching, authors adopted some investigating methods, such as visiting on the spot, photograph identification method and sketch man identification method etc. Using investigated data, this paper made an elementary research on urban imago space of Lanzhou, which is a typical valley city in the western China. The result of study indicated that the urban imago space of Lanzhou takes Xiguan Cross as its center (Lanzhou involves four districts of Chengguan, Qilihe, Arming and Xigu). In the process of recognition of urban imago space, the Huanghe (Yellow) River and mountains beside the city are the dominant factors and the main nodes of cognition. So the urban imago space of Lanzhou is quite different from that of plain cities. Interviewee did well in the spatial structure map, which was made up of mountainous land, river and main trunk roads, the group structure took profound impression on people.     

BORDER PORT MANZHOULh URBAN FUNCTION AND SPACE DEVELOPMENT

Manzhouli is the largest land port city on the Sino-Russia border, transit cargo through the land port amount-ed to 5.95 million tons, transit tourists were 304 500 in 2000. It stands at the joint place of China, Mongolia and Russi-a, faces to Siberia area of Russia, receives direct support from the Northeast China and Bohai Sea Rim Area, and possess-es priorities in geographical location, land port infrastructure, water resources, coal resources, tourist resources andgreat potentiality in economic cooperation with Russia. The future urban function is a key port on the First Eurasia Continen-tal Bridge. Manzhouli Port will keep its first place between China and Russia land transport, and it is forecasted that thetransit amount through Manzhouli Port will go up to 10 million tons in 2005 and 20 million tons in 2010. It will be construct-ed to be a trade center of the peripheral area extending to Russia and Mongolia, a key export-oriented processing industri-al zone supported by industries such as export processing industries, export agriculture, trade services, technology trad-ing and the other service industries. It keeps being a well-known touring city for trade, shopping, sightseeing, vocation,local food, recreation and cultural events. To build Manzhouli Export Processing Industry Zone will improve city econom-ic structure, and the main sectors are organic food processing, livestock products processing, garment and furniture indus-try. Moreover, Manzhouli Export Processing Industry Zone will eventually be upgraded to be a border free trade zone.The city functional transition will inevitably affect urban spatial restructure and its expansion. The city space transforma-tion will develop as such: one development axis of No. 301 highway paralleling with Bin - Zhou(Harbin - Manzhouli) rail-way which cuts through central part of Manzhouli City, and links Zhalainuocr District with central city; three urban unitsincluding central city, Zhalainuocr District and Manzhouli Interchange Trade Zone; cohesion with Aoerjin and Cuogangpastures; regional dual-nuclei structure of Hailaer City and Manhzouli City; and the Manzhouli-Zabaykalsk Free TradeZone.     

Eco-spatial Structure of Urban Agglomeration

In terms of ecological theory, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the mutualism and co- evolutionary mechanism between the eco-spatial structure and socio-economic development of the urban agglomeration, and maps out optimized modes of the eco-spatial structure of the urban agglomeration. The analysis is a case study of the urban agglomeration on different levels of global, national, provincial and local scales, on the basis of those conclusions are drawn: 1) Within the scope of the urban agglomeration, the cities should be reasonably sized and appropriately densified; the spatial combination of the urban agglomeration ought to be orderly, and its eco-spatial structure ought to be optimized and efficient; the relationship between the economic society and eco-spatial environment ought to be that of mutual benefit and co-evolution. 2) “The mode of corridor group network” is a certain trend evoked from the spatial structure of urban agglomeration. 3) The eco-spatial structure of urban agglomeration under “the mode of corridor group network” can further increase the environmental capacity of urban agglomeration, and is in favor of the harmonious relationship between man and nature.     

Changing spatial and structural patterns of non-agricultural activities in outward-moving Beijing urban fringe

As responses to metropolitan suburbanization and rural urbanization,the formation and evolution of urban fringes should be understood against the background of overall economic development and spatial reconstruction of entire metropolises.At the same time,however,endogenous interactions between industrial structure and spatial patterns of non-agricultural activities are also worthy of scholarly attention.Since the 1980s,studies on urban fringes in China have been restricted by the lack of micro-level data.This paper investigates the spatial expansion and structural evolution of the urban fringe by taking the case of Beijing and uses systematic firm-level data in 1996 and 2001 from the National Census of Basic Units.The diversity of distribution patterns across industrial sectors brings about two interrelated results.On the one hand,structural adjustment of non-agricultural industries promotes the expansion and spatial evolution of the urban fringe.On the other hand,the stability and dynamics of industrial structure coexist in the moving urban fringe.This study also reveals that the outward-moving urban fringe is the optimal location for manufacturing,especially heavy manufacturing,as well as traditional producer and consumer services.However,industries with spatial stickiness such as tourism and sports have not moved with the fringe.Most advanced services remain concentrated in the city center.The authors argue that it is essential for understanding and managing urban fringes to take into account spatial evolution and industrial structural adjustment together with their interaction with each other.     

Urban land evolution in Suzhou area: From early 1980S to middle 1990S

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URBAN TOURISM RESEARCH METHODOLOGY——A Case Study of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Area

1IN T R O D U C T IO N Urban tourismisa broad concept includingallkindsof recreationaalctivitietshattakeplaceincitie.s With the development of post-industrializat,i oncomprehen sive strengthofcitieshas been enhanced, and theimprove- ment of urban environm…     

基于ComGIS旅游专家信息系统的研制——以北京市昌平区为例

本文主要阐述了旅游作为一个产业迅速发展的同时 ,在信息化过程中存在发展水平较低 ,空间信息技术应用较少的问题 ,同时提出将 GIS技术和专家系统应用于旅游信息系统建设 ,并以北京市昌平区为例 ,进行实证研究。     

安徽省旅游发展空间错位的模型分析

旅游资源与旅游区位的地域差异是客观存在的,对区域旅游发展空间错位及其原因的分析可为促进区域旅游均衡发展提供科学依据。本文以安徽省16个地级市为研究单元,运用重力模型和二维组合矩阵,选取旅游收入、资源丰度和旅游区位作为评价指标,定量分析旅游发展空间错位关系,并利用ArcGIS软件将结果进行可视化表达。研究发现:安徽省旅游收入、资源丰度和旅游区位的重心分别处于(117.63°E,31.18°N)、(117.51°E,31.12°N)和(117.20°E,32.00°N),经度方向最大错位0.43°,最小0.12°,纬度方向最大错位0.88°,最小0.06°;与区域几何中心相比,旅游收入重心和资源丰度重心均向南偏移;从旅游收入-资源丰度、旅游收入-旅游区位的组合矩阵来看,呈错位和同步发展的城市均为8个。整体而言,安徽省旅游空间错位主要是因旅游区位和旅游资源的条件差异,四大旅游板块要结合自身的特点,发挥优势,挖掘潜力,通过采取不同的空间矫正策略达到区域旅游协同发展的目的。     

基于街景图像的厦门本岛环境特征对住宅价格的影响研究

住宅价格的空间分异是城市空间资源配置不均衡的外在表现,理解住宅价格的主导影响因素及其空间分异特征对于住区规划及房价调控政策的制定具有重要意义。既有研究较少考虑环境品质对住宅价格的影响和影响因素的作用尺度差异,针对以上问题,本文引入街景图像,在特征价格模型的基础上拓展环境特征,构建多尺度地理加权回归（MGWR）模型,研究环境特征对住宅价格的影响效用,并通过分析其他控制变量的系数空间格局,总结各变量的空间分异特征规律。主要结论为：① 街景图像测度的环境特征更符合人们对居住环境的真实感知,研究结论可为居住环境品质提升提供更加精细化的设计策略; MGWR模型对变量的空间分异现象具有更接近于真实值的拟合效果,可描述不同变量的作用尺度差异,这有助于为特定地区制定针对性规划策略。② 厦门本岛住宅价格呈现显著的聚类特征,并沿城市核心发展轴呈“带状”结构分布。③ 3个环境特征变量对于住宅价格均为显著的正向影响,且作用接近全局尺度,街景绿视率的影响最强,其次是天空开敞度和相对步行指数。④ 总结各变量的系数空间分异规律,发现不同特征地区住宅价格的主导影响因素不同,核心地区主要受交通、教育因素的影响;老城地区主要为环境品质、建筑质量因素;新城地区则为区位、生活设施因素。     

INFLUENTIAL FACTORS COMBINATION AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES IN STAGES OF URBAN COMPETITIVENESS——Case Study of Suzhou in China

Comparison of various definitions or discusses of ur-ban competitiveness (UC) reveals that these arguments from different scholars usually start from the following aspects: 1) the capacity of attracting, capturing, pos-sessing, controlling and transforming resources; 2) the life quality level; 3) the capacity of value or wealth creation; 4) the capacity of urban sustainable develop-ment. Actually, among these four aspects there exists a delicate logistic relation. The perspectives of urban sus…     

基于浮动车数据的城市道路通行能力时空特征分析

针对城市道路通行能力定量度量指标,提出基于浮动车数据的道路基本通行能力评估方法;以道路通行能力指标来分析深圳市道路网通行能力的时空分异规律,结论如下：城市道路通行能力具有明显的时变特征和空间分布的不均衡性;各行政区域通行能力在工作日变化平缓,在休息日出现午高峰;通行能力余量无论在工作日和休息日都浮动较大,并在休息日中午显著下降;道路通行能力具有明显区域分类现象,人口密度和发展程度较高区域的道路通行能力整体较低,且一天内的变化较小;道路等级对通行能力和通行能力余量影响显著,较高等级道路一天内变化较大,低等级道路则较平稳。     

新疆冰雪旅游资源适宜性评价研究

冰雪旅游正在成为冬季旅游出行的新选择。新疆冰雪旅游资源丰富,如何合理开发利用资源成为当地旅游开发亟待解决的问题,因此本文从旅游资源适宜性角度出发,选取自然条件、旅游资源、社会经济和交通可达性等方面的18个影响因子,采用层次分析法（AHP）和熵值法（EWM）确定组合权重,运用GIS空间分析技术和多因子加权评价模型（MCE）对研究区冰雪旅游资源适宜性进行评价。研究结果显示：① 就自然条件来看,伊犁东部、阿勒泰北部沿山脉边缘的丘陵和平原等地区较适宜发展冰雪旅游;② 阿勒泰地区和乌鲁木齐市的旅游资源相关基础设施完备,昌吉和伊犁在旅游资源方面也有较强竞争力;③ 社会经济来看,伊犁、乌鲁木齐市和阿勒泰地区为代表的北疆城市较南疆有更强的游客接待能力;④ 伊犁、乌昌经济带沿线地区交通可达性明显优于南疆各地州市。新疆冰雪旅游综合适宜性指数为1.8622-7.5724之间,其中天山北坡、阿勒泰北部、伊犁、塔城北部、哈密中部等地区为高度适宜;南疆大部分区域处于中低度适宜。建议通过加强新型旅游资源开发和整合,积极承办大型冰雪运动相关赛事,借助丝绸之路经济带发展交通道路建设,以加速推进新疆冰雪旅游发展。本研究可为冰雪旅游区开发和选址提供空间导向和科学依据。     

长沙市游憩-居住功能空间格局及其匹配关系研究

伴随新型城镇化和全面休闲化时代到来,游憩-居住两大功能空间关系研究成为新时期城市地域结构领域的重要关注议题。基于POI地理空间大数据,通过运用Ripley's K函数、同位区位商、“不一致指数”定量模型和采用全局空间自相关、核密度估计等ArcGIS空间分析方法,探究了长沙市游憩-居住功能空间格局及其匹配关系特征。研究发现：① 两大功能空间均具有显著的空间正相关性,形态格局差异鲜明且均呈以“空间极核”为导向的集聚模式,各类型功能空间集聚强度表现为“居住空间>文化休闲空间>体育健身空间>商业娱乐空间>自然生态空间”;② 两大功能空间存在基于“距离-数量”的函数衰减关系,距离居住空间3000 m半径环带是游憩空间集中分布以及居民日常游憩休闲的重要活动范围;③ 居住空间具有“临近”游憩空间布局的指向特征,但反之不显著,两大功能空间呈单向吸引“非对称性”错位临近关系,居住空间临近不同类型游憩空间的指向强度呈“体育健身空间>文化休闲空间>自然生态空间>商业娱乐空间”位序格局;④ 游憩-居住功能空间协调关系具有较强的空间异质性,湘江西岸整体上优于东岸,岳麓区、望城区为游憩-居住协调型,天心区、芙蓉区、雨花区、开福区为游憩滞后居住型,长沙县为游憩超前居住型。本研究通过聚焦新型城镇化和全民休闲时代的城市游憩设施配置及其与居住空间的关系问题,将为丰富传承新背景趋势下的城市公共设施区位理论、城市空间结构理论等提供重要的理论探索方向,并为长沙市及国内同类大都市合理布局城市游憩休闲设施、优化调整城市空间结构和建设休闲宜居城市等提供科学参考。