涉县地磁台地磁观测室建设材料磁性检测

涉县地磁基准台地磁观测室在建设过程中严格按照观测规范要求施工,利用GSM-19T磁力仪,对建筑材料磁性进行严格检测和筛选,并对地磁房建设前后磁场梯度进行检测,对比可以发现磁房场地磁场梯度是否符合规范要求。此次涉县地磁房建设过程中各种建筑材料的磁性检测工作,可以为其他台站磁台建设提供参考。     

地磁台站建设中磁测异常现象分析

地磁台建设磁性跟踪测试工作很重要,通过对跟踪磁测中发现的一个异常现象的分析,计算了不同重量、距离的铁磁性物质对磁房建筑场地磁场的影响,讨论了排除施工现场磁性干扰的一些办法,并得出各种重量铁磁性物质与磁房建筑物的安全距离,还讨论了地磁台部分建筑材料的选择问题。     

涉县地磁台建设中的材料磁性检测

结合涉县地磁台建设的实际工作,详细介绍对磁房场地磁场梯度测量和建筑材料磁性检测的方法和技术指标。通过这些方法和技术指标的控制,建成了符合国家I类地磁基准台标准的磁房,场地梯度小于1 n T/m。     

宁夏地磁台站建设经验浅谈

根据宁夏地磁台站磁房建设,介绍了地磁台站建设中场地磁性控制、建筑材料磁性检测等方面的一些经验,对其他环境类似的兄弟台站具有较好的借鉴意义。     

天津地磁房改造中的磁性控制

天津市地震局利用天津市地震安全基础工程,对区域地磁台站的地磁观测室进行改造,拆除原有混凝土浇筑的观测墩及墩基,安装无磁大理石观测墩,拆除原屋顶新建木结构屋顶,对室内进行保温处理.在施工过程中,建筑材料及施工环节的磁性控制是磁房改造的关键环节.     

地磁台站建设中的材料磁性检测

介绍了福建泉州地磁台重建工作中,对建筑材料进行磁性检测以及施工过程中进行磁性跟踪监测的一些方法.实践证明,应用这些方法能很好地满足地磁台站建设规范的技术要求,说明这些方法是切实有效的,可以为以后地磁台站的建设提供经验.     

高精度重、磁测量在大兴安岭找矿工作中的应用

根据以往的经验,在找矿勘查中,通常应用高精度磁法和电法,很少应用重力方法.本文通过小面积的大比例尺高精度重力工作,展示了重力工作在找矿勘查中所起的作用.尤其是在高纬度覆盖区,地表地质不甚明了、电法工作比较困难的情况下,可以发挥重力工作受环境干扰小的优势,寻找高密度地质体.在本矿区中,重力工作作为高精度磁测工作的重要补充,有利于更准确地确定矿体的位置和平面形态特征.由于高精度磁测方法寻找的是有磁性矿物,当矿体无磁性时,磁异常不能反映矿体的位置和形态.本文根据重力方法和磁测方法的原理,对矿区的地球物理场进行研究,给出本矿区识别矿体异常的原则,根据磁性矿物与铅锌矿伴生的特点,结合磁异常,如果重磁异常中心吻合较好,重磁异常幅值和梯度也较大,表明矿体异常的可靠性很大;当然,对磁异常表现为负磁异常的高频重力高异常也不能忽视,有可能是埋藏浅的无磁性金属矿的反映.所以,需要密切关注幅值大、梯度大的高频重力高异常.     

银川地磁台FHD观测室建设经验浅谈

地磁台FHD观测室是要求很高的永久性用房,观测规范对建筑物磁性水平有严格的规定,必须因地制宜把观测室设计好,建设好。在建设过程中必须把握好每一个细节,建筑物才能满足仪器工作的无磁性环境要求。本文结合银川地磁台FHD观测室建设工作中遇到的问题,介绍了在磁性检测工作中的一些经验,具有一定的借鉴意义。     

大连九龙地磁台的材料磁性检测

本文介绍了大连九龙地磁台建设工作中,对建筑材料进行选定,磁性检测,以及施工过程中用G856质子旋进式磁力仪进行磁性跟踪监测。实践证明,这样做能很好地满足地磁台站建设规范的技术要求。     

地磁仪器墩材料的选择

选择无磁性或弱磁性材料建筑仪器墩是建筑一个好的地磁房,特别是观测室的关键。陕西省乾县地磁台原先采用石灰石、水泥、沙子混凝土块作为仪器墩材料,磁性基本合乎要求,但施工结束后发现,墩面及墩上梯度较大。后换成纯石灰石条块砌筑的仪器墩。情况明显好转。因此。根据我们的体会,在有条件的地方观测仪器墩最好采用磁性较小的纯石灰石条块建筑。     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

The effect of the pollution of the ground layer of the atmosphere on the albedo

Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.     

On the solution of the reverse problem of geodesics with the help of the chord

Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

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Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

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Address: Veveři 95, Brno.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

On the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale

Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well.     

Influence of the topography of the surface of the Earth on vertical sounding of the temperature profile

Atmospheric temperature and humidity fields as well as information on other meteorological parameters are nowadays retrieved from radiance measurements recorded by operational meteorological satellites. Up to now, the inversion procedures used only take into account crude information on the topography of the Earth’s surface. However, the applied radiative transfer codes have to consider the Earth’s surface as the lower boundary of the atmospheric model and, therefore, need a more precise mean elevation and a classification of the roughness of the Earth’s surface. The influence of the topography of the Earth surface on retrieved temperature profiles is studied by using a physico-statistical inversion method. An objective analysis is made of the more precise mean elevation and derivation of roughness parameters using a new high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 500 m×500 m. By means of a geomorphological process and a newly developed topography rejection test, areas with a high surface roughness are localized and singled out. The influence of topography on the retrieved temperature profiles is illustrated by case studies. Changes are found predominantly in areas with a high variation of topography. Using the new high-resolution DEM and the topography rejection test, the geographical position of the calculated temperature profiles tends to be shifted towards areas with a small vertical variation of topography. The mean elevation determined by the new elevation model better characterizes the area observed. Hence, the temperature profiles can be calculated down to lower atmospheric levels. Furthermore, a guess profile better describing the atmospheric situation is selected by the more precise elevation. In addition, the temperature profiles obtained near the coast are improved considerably by the more precise determination of the surface property ‘sea’ and ‘land,’ respectively. Integration of an independent physical information such as topography leads, on average, to a slight improvement of the results of the physico-statistical inversion procedure. In some cases, however, significant improvements have been achieved regarding the desired accuracy of temperature profiles of the order of 1 K. In future, the spatial resolution of new high-resolution sounding instrumentation on the next generation of operational meteorological satellites will be increased. To exploit the resolving power of this new instrumentation, the different variation of the topography of the Earth surface, especially in regions with a high variation of topography, can be taken into account more precisely by using a high-resolution DEM.