陕西石梯钡矿床中流体包裹体特征及成因意义

陕西石梯重晶石-毒重石矿床产于南秦岭早古生代大型钡成矿带中。矿石类型有重晶石矿石、毒重石矿石、重晶石-毒重石混合矿石和钡解石矿石,但以重晶石矿石为主。经显微测温表明,重晶石中流体包裹体的均一温度范围为103.4～253.1℃(主峰值140～160℃),盐度范围为(0.35～10.73)wt%NaCleqv;毒重石中流体包裹体的均一温度范围为152.8～303.7℃(主峰值200～220℃),盐度范围为(0.18～9.73)wt%NaCleqv;钡解石中流体包裹体的均一温度范围为107.8～260.0℃(主峰值160～200℃),盐度范围为(0.71～8.41)wt%NaCleqv。经激光拉曼分析表明,在矿物流体包裹体的气相组成中,各矿物有一定差异:重晶石含一定量N2、H2S和CH4,毒重石含大量CO2和N2,而钡解石含有CO2、N2和CH4。成矿流体温度相对较高、富含CO2是形成毒重石的重要条件。     

南秦岭大型钡成矿带中毒重石矿床成因新认识——来自单个流体包裹体证据

钡以BaSO_4形式存在的重晶石矿床在世界上广泛分布,但以BaCO_3形式存在的毒重石矿床极为罕见。在南秦岭早古生代硅岩建造中,发育大量层状毒重石和重晶石矿床,两类矿床在空间上表现出既共生又分离的分布规律,构成世界上极为独特的大型钡成矿带。本文对毒重石、钡解石、重晶石及石英等矿物流体包裹体进行了系统研究,结果显示,各矿物中流体包裹体的均一温度都变化于90～310℃,主要集中范围为120～220℃。尽管如此,毒重石、钡解石的形成温度峰值比重晶石高出40℃,而石英的形成温度分布较均一,没有出现明显的峰值。矿物流体包裹体的盐度虽变化于1%～15%NaCl_(eqv),但毒重石、钡解石和石英样品中的盐度值普遍大于5%NaCl_(eqv),而重晶石中的盐度值小于5%NaCl_(eqv)的样品数量占有相当大的比例。由于重晶石的流体包裹体主要以NaCl-H_2O型包裹体为主,而毒重石中富含大量N_2-CO_2-H_2S-CH_4等复杂组分水溶液型包裹体,显示出毒重石与重晶石在成矿环境上有较大差异。由此笔者明确提出,水溶液热化学硫酸盐还原作用是形成毒重石矿床主要机制的新认识。     

南秦岭钡成矿带重晶石与毒重石成矿特征

在我国扬子地块北缘南秦岭一带的早古生代硅质岩建造中,存在一大批重晶石矿床和毒重石矿床,构成世界上极为罕见的大型钡成矿带。根据流体包裹体显微测温分析,重晶石流体包裹体均一温度峰值低于毒重石流体包裹体峰值。这些矿床中重晶石的3δ4S值比同期海水3δ4S值高(除去文峪矿区重晶石一个3δ4S值与同期海水3δ4S值接近),表明当时细菌对硫酸盐的还原作用引起了重S的富集。各钡矿床中的毒重石有各自的1δ3C和1δ8O值范围,毒重石中的C来自有机质事件反应。根据热力学计算表明,小于162.42℃的温度有利于形成重晶石矿石;在温度高于162.42℃时,海水中积累充足的CO32-(来自有机事件)有利于形成毒重石矿石。在重晶石矿床形成的晚期,如出现贫Ba2+热液,且海水中积累足够的CO32-和温度高于162.42℃,CO32-可以交代重晶石中的SO42-,形成交代成因的毒重石。     

大巴山寒武纪大型钡矿带沉积环境示踪

以硫酸钡(重晶石)形式存在的钡矿床,在世界上广泛分布.但以碳酸钡(毒重石)形式存在的钡矿床,在世界上并不多见.然而,在扬子地块北缘的大巴山一带的下寒武统硅岩建造中,既存在一大批重晶石矿床,又广泛发育具有重要经济意义的毒重石矿床,构成世界上极为罕见的大型钡成矿带[1-3].本文运用有机地球化学的方法对大巴山一带寒武纪大型毒重石、重晶石矿床的沉积环境进行示踪研究.     

大巴山下寒武统黑色岩系中毒重石矿床的成因探讨

扬子地台及邻区下寒武统黑色岩系底部是钡富集的重要层位,广泛分布的重晶石矿床主要赋存在暗色硅岩中。毒重石(BaCO₂)、钡解石[BaCa(CO₃)₂]矿床的分布仅限于大巴山断裂北侧,即陕南与川北地区。毒重石与钡解石、重晶石、磷结核、黑色硅岩、黑色页岩、钒矿和石煤等构成特有的沉积序列。毒重石的δ¹³”C_PDB平均值为-16.4‰,反映了形成毒重石的碳为有机成因,钡主要来源于海底火山、热泉与生物。     

秦巴山区钡矿床分带初步研究

秦巴山区钡资源丰富,钡矿床（重晶石、毒重石）分３ 带：南带为毒重石矿带,北带与中带为重晶石矿带。成矿条件与成矿类型各不相同。在秦巴山区寻找大型、超大型钡矿前景乐观。     

南秦岭-大巴山地区下寒武统沉积层状钡矿床成因机制研究

为理清沉积层状重晶石、毒重石矿床成因机制及其差异成矿的控制因素，对南秦岭-大巴山地区下寒武统地层中不同成矿特征的钡矿床开展了矿物学和碳-硫-氧-锶同位素地球化学分析。结果显示，该区内沉积钡矿床有以重晶石为主或以毒重石为主的类型；矿石中碳酸盐矿物具有负的碳同位素组成(δ¹³C_Carb为-26.1‰～-6.3‰),重晶石具有非常大的硫、氧同位素分馏(δ³⁴S_Brt为25.1‰～62.2‰,δ¹⁸O_Brt为12.2‰～18.9‰和δ¹⁸O/δ³⁴S≈0.1),反映成矿时有强烈的甲烷驱动微生物硫酸盐还原作用；毒重石等碳酸盐矿物和重晶石的锶同位素组成较为一致，都具有宽的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr变化范围(0.7070～0.7103)和低的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值(～0.7070),指示成矿流体可能是与基性-超基性岩有关的富金属热液，热液流体在运移过...     

大巴山毒重石矿床新成因

钡以BaSO4形式存在的重晶石矿床在世界上广泛分布,以BaCO3形式存在的毒重石矿床极为罕见.目前,全世界只有三个国家具有生产碳酸钡的毒重石矿床:英国Settlingstones、土库曼斯坦Karakala和我国大巴山一带.关于毒重石的形成机理问题,一般认为是在先形成重晶石的基础上,由CO32-交代重晶石而形成的(Sidorenko等,1947;Chamberlain等,1986;Hancox等,1934).针对我国大巴山一带的层状毒重石的成因,一些学者提出了交代作用、陆源化学沉积、生物沉积、火山热液沉积和热水沉积等观点.然而,在我国大巴山一带的毒重石矿床中,普遍存在由毒重石与硅质岩、毒重石与重晶石相间而构成具有截然界线的条带状、层纹状、软变形状等沉积构造.这些特征用"交代成因"(包括成岩交代)观点是难以解释的.生物沉积、火山沉积、热水沉积等作用对毒重石矿床的形成均可能起到一定的控制作用,但这些成因观点均没有对由比重相近的毒重石、重晶石两种矿物分异构成典型沉积构造的原因进行具体解释.作者通过对毒重石、重晶石中流体包裹体研究后,提出了毒重石矿床的新成因观点--水溶液热化学硫酸盐还原作用.     

大巴山寒武系毒重石成矿带稳定同位素地球化学研究

钡以BaSO4形式存在的重晶石矿床,在世界上广泛分布,但以BaCO3形式存在的毒重石矿床并不多见.然而,在扬子地块北缘的大巴山一带的下寒武统硅岩建造中,既存在一大批重晶石矿床,又广泛发育具有重要经济意义的毒重石矿床,构成世界上极为罕见的大型钡成矿带(Wang Z.等,1991;刘家军等,2004;高怀忠,2005).本文通过对大巴山一带寒武纪大型毒重石矿带进行氢-氧、碳同位素地球化学分析研究,探讨毒重石矿床的成矿物质来源及矿床成因.     

扬子地块北缘大型钡成矿带中硫同位素组成及其意义

钡以BaSO4形式存在的重晶石矿床在世界上分布广泛,但以BaCO3形式存在的毒重石矿床极为罕见。在扬子地块北缘大巴山一带的早古生代硅岩建造中,发育大量层状毒重石和重晶石矿床,两类矿床在空间上表现出既共生又分离的分布规律,构成世界上极为独特的大型钡成矿带。本文研究了钡成矿带中的硫同位素组成特点,结果显示,在以毒重石矿石为主的成矿亚带中,重晶石样品的δ^34S值相对较低,变化范围较小（22．1‰～37．0‰）,平均27．3‰（n=11）,基本上与寒武纪海水硫酸盐的δ^34S值（δ^34S=27～32‰）接近或略低。反映了形成重晶石的硫来自海水,并有可能经历了热化学的硫酸盐还原作用;与毒重石共生的重晶石形成与热液流体有密切关系。在以重晶石为主的成矿亚带中,重晶石样品的δ^34S值相对较高,变化范围较宽（33．4‰～57．6‰）,平均43．5‰（n=31）。与寒武纪海水硫酸盐δ^34S值相比发生了大的改变,反映了与同期海水硫酸盐相关的重硫的强烈富集。这种高正值特点超过了地史中海水硫酸盐的最高值,说明重晶石的形成与生物作用密切相关。强烈的重硫富集,归因于硫酸盐还原菌的活动。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of