卫星遥感影像的区域正射纠正

针对大区域卫星影像正射纠正所面临的问题,提出了利用平面平差的方法来求解卫星影像定向参数然后进行区域正射纠正的策略。该方案能够保证大区域卫星影像正射纠正后绝对定位精度以及相邻影像接边处相对定位精度的一致性。通过资源三号测绘卫星正视全色影像的实验表明,仅利用少量平面精度为5m的地面控制点,大区域影像经过平面平差后独立检查点的平面精度优于7m,满足了我国1∶5万地形图的精度要求。此外,利用平面平差后每景影像的定向参数进行区域正射纠正,相邻影像接边处连接点的像方精度优于0.5个像素,达到了几何上无缝镶嵌的程度。     

基于RD模型的SAR影像正射纠正研究

介绍了基于RD模型进行SAR影像正射纠正的基本原理,并将不同方案的试验结果进行定量分析.实验研究表明,利用RD模型进行SAR影像正射纠正是正确、有效的,利用稀少控制点便能获得高精度.不使用任何控制点和DEM,只利用卫星参数进行纠正,导致系统误差大,在实际生产中的应用不广泛.高程误差对平面位置误差影响较大,DEM的高程误差越小,DOM精度越高.参考DEM的高程误差是DOM产品精度的关键因素.     

“天绘一号”影像正射纠正实验与精度分析

针对如何有效提高"天绘一号"卫星影像正射纠正精度的问题,本文基于有理函数模型,提出RPC参数+像方误差补偿方案,利用控制点提高RPC模型的精度。通过对连云港、怀柔地区"天绘一号"卫星影像进行正射纠正,对比无控纠正结果验证该方案。实验结果表明:利用RPC模型进行影像正射纠正是正确的、有效的,辅以稀少控制点就能获得较高精度,不使用任何控制点将会导致系统误差偏大,精度较低。本文研究可为修正卫星影像自带RPC参数误差、提高正射纠正精度提供参考。     

基于RPC模型的高分辨率SAR影像正射纠正

在分析TerraSAR-X、COSMO-SkyMed等高分辨率SAR影像成像几何模型的基础上,采用RPC模型拟合SAR影像的成像几何模型,拟合的精度在1%个像素以内;在1∶5万DRG上选取1个控制点对RPC模型参数精度的改进,结合1∶5万DEM对TerraSAR-X、COSMO-SkyMed数据进行正射纠正,纠正结果能满足1∶5万DOM的精度要求.从而说明RPC拟合雷达成像几何的正确性以及利用RPC模型进行高分辨率SAR影像正射纠正的可行性.     

不同格网密度的DSM/DEM对影像分类精度的影响研究

在无控制点的卫星影像正射校正中,大多采用DSM/DEM数据作为辅助数据来消除或限制因地形起伏引起的形变,然而经不同格网密度的DSM/DEM正射校正后的影像对后续处理会产生不同程度的影响,如对地物分类精度产生影响。针对这一问题,本文分别采用不同的DSM/DEM数据(China DSM 15 m、ASTER GDEM 30 m和SRTM 90 m)对资源三号影像进行正射校正,然后对正射校正后影像利用支持向量机进行分类,比较正射校正后影像结果的分类精度。结果表明:在相同重采样方法下,影像经China DSM 15 m DSM正射校正后结果的分类精度优于ASTER GDEM 30 m DEM和SRTM 90 m DEM。     

ZY-3影像在我国海岸带区域的定位精度评价

以我国海岸带为研究对象,从北往南依次选取了覆盖山东青岛、江苏盐城和浙江温州海岸带的6景资源三号(ZY-3)传感器校正产品,利用实测像控点开展了影像自主定位精度评价,并将其结果与覆盖相同区域的SPOT5影像进行了比较。在此基础上,利用实测地面控制点和国家1∶5万比例尺DEM产品对覆盖青岛和温州的全色影像进行了正射校正实验,分析控制点数量与分布对校正精度的影响。研究发现:在无控制点情况下,ZY-3全色影像的平面校正精度平均为19.6 m,多光谱影像的平面校正精度为23.0 m,均优于SPOT5卫星影像的校正精度;用1个角点作为控制点,可达到优于2个像元的校正精度,用4个角点作为控制点,校正精度在1个像元左右;以向陆一侧的2个角点作为控制点,可达到优于3 m的校正精度,但采用3个控制点时,校正精度较低,特别是向海一侧影像的校正精度更低。上述研究结果表明,ZY-3影像在少量控制点下即可达到较高的校正精度,能够满足海岸带遥感调查工作的精度要求。     

国产光学卫星正射影像产品及自动生成算法

正射校正是卫星遥感影像后续处理、分析与应用的必要基础，而目前光学卫星数据自主定位精度尚不能达到1—2像元，正射影像产品的生产仍需依赖地面控制点对成像几何模型进行修正。针对国产光学卫星数据的现状、特点和应用需求，中国遥感卫星地面站自主研发了国产光学卫星正射影像产品和自动正射系统，本文从精细化影像自动配准、成像几何模型优化、影像正射校正、几何不确定度评估、太阳照射和卫星观测角度计算、基于地理格网的影像剖分等方面对相关产品及其自动生成算法进行介绍。其中，基于L1范数约束最小二乘的RPC模型全参数优化方法，可在影像幅宽较大或几何定标精度不足时获得比常规附加像方仿射变换参数的RPC模型更高的校正精度；提出顾及控制点精度的区域网平差方法，在利用从空间分辨率较低的参考影像获取的控制点修正成像几何模型时，可在满足参考影像几何约束的前提下，通过多次观测减小成像几何模型的随机误差、提高影像的几何定位精度；基于不确定度传播理论，建立了正射影像产品逐像元几何不确定度评估方法。试验结果表明，本文算法可用于规模化的正射影像产品生产，分布于全国不同区域的实测检查点表明所生产的16 m分辨率国产高分正射影像产品绝对几...     

利用光学遥感影像进行星载SAR影像正射纠正

基于角反射器点的正射纠正方法仅适用于局部区域的SAR影像,无法满足大区域生产和工程化需求的问题。本文采用有理函数模型（RFM）作为星载SAR几何模型,利用资源三号测绘卫星的数字表面模型（DSM）产品和数字正射影像图（DOM）,选取遥感13号SAR影像与资源三号光学影像的同名像点作为控制点,对遥感13号SAR影像进行了正射纠正,并与常规的基于角反射器点的正射纠正方法进行了对比分析。试验结果表明,针对平原地区的遥感13号SAR影像,在四角布设控制点的情况下,基于角反射器点的正射纠正方法比基于光学正射影像的正射纠正方法精度高,正射纠正精度分别优于2.5和4.5 m。     

一种资源一号卫星影像的正射纠正方法

针对传统遥感软件处理影像数据正射纠正时控制点精度不高的问题,提出了一种快速、精确正射纠正的改进方案。该方法首先利用PCI、ArcGIS与ERDAS软件相兼容的特点,通过PCI影像处理软件对实验区阳原县高分辨率遥感卫星影像CBERDS-02C进行正射纠正,得出控制点精度残差结果;然后利用ArcGIS软件对纠正后影像进行精度改进;最后在ERDAS影像处理软件中选取同名点对影像纠正精度改进后效果进行验证。实验结果表明:通过对比分析精度改善前后控制点残差结果,在ArcGIS软件中对精度改进是切实可行的。     

期刊博览

卫星遥感影像的区域正射纠正武汉大学学报(信息科学版)2014年第7期针对大区域卫星影像正射纠正所面临的问题,提出了利用平面平差的方法来求解卫星影像定向参数然后进行区域正射纠正的策略。该方案能够保证大区域卫星影像正射纠正后绝对定位精度以及相邻影像接边处相对定位精度的一致性。通过资源三号测绘卫星正视全色影像的实验表明,仅利用少量平面精度为5m的地面     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。