密集低矮植被区LiDAR点云地面滤波算法

针对地形复杂且低矮植被茂密的矿区LiDAR点云特点,本文提出了一种基于坡度信息并结合平面拟合的地面滤波算法。该方法采用二级格网法逐级选取地面种子点,在每个一级格网中,利用地面种子点通过最小二乘拟合法进行平面拟合并构建地面模型,最后达到区分地面点和非地面点的效果。与传统坡度法和布料模拟法的对比试验表明,该方法能够有效滤除密集低矮灌木,以及较好地保留较大坡度地形。     

机载LiDAR制作高精度DEM的关键技术分析

介绍了LiDAR数据生产DEM处理流程,选取淮河某一区域的点云数据,重点研究自动滤波技术在高树植被区域、居民区域、光伏区域的滤波效果以及人工分类方法在低矮植被区域的分类效果,计算野外检测点,对DEM同名点高程中误差进行精度评定。实验结果表明,自动滤波技术对高树植被、房屋区域、光伏区域等区域点云,能高效、准确滤掉非地面点,保留真实地面点;人工分类手段用于低矮植被分类效果明显,有效解决了自动滤波在该类区域分类效果不佳的问题;野外检测点和DEM同名点高程中误差满足设计精度要求,以点云数据生产高精度DEM具有可行性。     

一种顾及地形复杂度的LiDAR点云多尺度滤波方法

针对复杂地形区域的机载LiDAR数据滤波方法中自适应阈值设置问题,根据地形多尺度效应,提出一种自适应阈值的机载LiDAR点云多尺度滤波方法。该方法采用影像金字塔策略按分辨率从高至低逐级构建LiDAR点云分层格网,滤波过程则从最大尺度格网(顶层格网,最低分辨率)开始,采用局部统计分析的方法自适应地确定高差阈值,同时结合薄板样条内插出下层各格网控制点的高程值,直至最底层格网完成原始激光点云滤波。通过我国某山区城市复杂地形的LiDAR数据实验表明顾及地形复杂度的LiDAR点云多尺度滤波方法能够快速有效地提取高精度DEM,能够满足实际生产需求。     

融合形态学灰度重建与三角网分层加密的LiDAR点云滤波

形态学滤波与三角网加密滤波是从LiDAR点云中自动识别真实地面点的两种重要方法,本文分析了两种方法优劣性及其过程实施的特点,提出了一种融合形态学灰度重建与不规则三角网分层加密的点云滤波新策略:1首先对LiDAR点云实施Ⅰ类错误优先的形态学灰度重建初始滤波,并通过"非最小值抑制"将LiDAR点云标记为地面可靠点、地面可疑点、非地面可疑点三种类别;2依据形态学灰度重建迭代顺序对非地面可疑点进行分层标记;3利用地面可靠点构建初始三角网,对地面可疑点、非地面可疑点依次进行三角网加密滤波,并基于分层标记信息自适应调整地面点判据参数。ISPRS标准数据滤波实验结果表明,本方法滤波质量高且具有较好的通用性。     

一种基于分割的机载LiDAR点云数据滤波

针对当前滤波算法在处理地形不连续区域或存在复杂建筑物区域时容易过分＂腐蚀＂地形并难以去除一些低矮植被的不足,提出了一种基于分割的机载LiDAR点云滤波算法。首先,对原始点云基于地表连续性进行分割;然后,在移除点数目较小的粗差点集之后采用对分割点集建立缓冲区的方法,区分地面和非地面点集;在较大地物经过迭代分割基本移除之后,使用约束平面的方法移除高度较小的地表附着物以实现滤波。实验结果表明,与经典滤波算法相比,该算法提高了地面点的分类精度,在滤除地物信息的同时能有效地保留地形特征。     

知识引导下的城区LiDAR点云高精度三角网渐进滤波方法

针对城区LiDAR点云特点,提出一种基于知识的三角网渐进滤波方法：①对格网内插后的栅格数据进行面向对象分割;②采用迭代Otsu聚类手段对地面对象与非地面对象自动分离;③针对分类结果构建初始三角网,并自适应调整地面点判据参数,达到提高滤波质量目的。选用ALS50系统真实数据进行滤波实验,并与传统方法滤波结果进行精度评价,评价结果表明：基于知识的滤波方法能进一步提高点云滤波质量。     

一种改进布料模拟滤波的地面点云提取方法

针对传统布料模拟滤波应用在城市竣工测绘中地面点云提取准确性较差的问题，提出了一种基于法线微分的布料模拟滤波算法。该方法先对输入的稠密点云进行预处理，以实现点云降采样和去噪；利用布料模拟滤波对预处理后的点云进行初步的地面提取；最后通过引入法线微分算子，过滤限定阈值外的向量域以分割出目标尺度对应的地面点与非地面点，从而实现地面点云的精确提取。实验结果表明：与渐进形态学滤波和传统的布料模拟滤波相比，该方法能够有效地将地面点与非地面点区分开，实现在大范围复杂城市竣工测绘场景下地面点云的精确提取。     

机载LiDAR点云的双阈值自动提取断裂线方法

提出了一种基于机载LiDAR点云的双阈值断裂线自动提取方法.该方法首先将机载LiDAR地面点云数据按照高程重采样为距离图像,用双阈值方法提取出概略断裂线;再结合原始地面点云用基于平面对的分段构造法对概略断裂线进一步求精.实验表明,该方法能够比较精确地从机载LiDAR地面点云中自动提取出断裂线.     

车载激光扫描点云滤波方法研究

针对传统的点云滤波算法存在阈值单一、地面点提取准确低的问题,本文提出了一种改进自适应阈值滤波算法。首先通过对点云数据进行二维投影并进行格网化处理;其次通过格网内最低点进行混合最小二乘曲面拟合;最后通过一级滤波阈值与自适应阈值实现非地面点滤波。为了对本文提出的自适应阈值滤波算法的有效性进行检验,分别使用城市中心道路与郊区道路点云数据进行算法实验。结果表明,本文提出滤波算法对城市中心道路点云滤波结果的一类误差、二类误差、总误差分别为4.6%、2.3%、3.7%;对郊区道路点云滤波结果的一类误差、二类误差、总误差分别为5.4%、7.1%、6.5%。相比于传统的移动窗口滤波算法,本文滤波算法无论是一类误差、二类误差还是总误差均更低,可准确区分出地面点与非地面点,表现出了更好的点云滤波性能。     

基于Otsu方法点云粗分类的渐进三角网滤波算法研究

针对传统渐进三角网滤波方法需要针对不同的地形条件频繁调整滤波参数,并且对低矮地物滤波效果较差等问题,结合图像分割中的Otsu方法,提出一种基于Otsu方法点云粗分类的渐进三角网滤波算法。在对原始点云数据粗分类的基础上,以点云类别属性引导滤波过程。实验结果表明,方法简单可行,可以有效地控制低矮点被误分类成地面点的可能性,提高滤波处理结果的准确性。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。