北祁连中段高压/低温混杂带——岩石学、地球化学和年代学证据

详细的野外研究结果表明,北祁连中段清水沟-香子沟高压低温变质带中出露的变质岩主要有榴辉岩、蓝片岩、多硅白云母石英片岩、变硅质岩、大理岩和蛇纹岩。地球化学测试结果表明,榴辉岩原岩为大洋中脊玄武岩和洋岛拉斑玄武岩;蓝片岩有两种类型,第1种蓝片岩原岩为基性-中基性火山岩,第2种蓝片岩原岩主要形成环境为大洋岛弧和/或大陆岛弧的沉积岩;多硅白云母石英片岩的原岩主要形成于大陆边缘环境;变硅质岩的原岩为形成于远离大陆边缘的沉积环境中的热水成因硅质岩;大理岩原岩为灰岩。榴辉岩锆石SHRIMP定年结果显示其原岩年龄为500±4 Ma,第1种蓝片岩原岩年龄为529±5 Ma。锆石Lu-Hf同位素表明,榴辉岩原岩明显受到了古老地壳的影响,基性蓝片岩的原岩源区为亏损地幔,后期没有或者极微弱地受到地壳物质的影响。结合已有研究资料,认为北祁连高压/低温变质带中变质岩的原岩类型具有明显的多样性特征,且原岩时代具有多期性特征。上述研究结果表明,古祁连洋在早古生代向北俯冲过程中,携带了不同性质和时代的岩石进入俯冲带深部,形成高压/低温变质条件下的混杂带,代表了早古生代与洋壳俯冲有关的俯冲隧道。     

羌塘中西部红脊山地区蓝片岩Sr-Nd同位素与锆石U-Pb年龄特征及其构造意义

红脊山构造混杂岩带位于羌塘地块的中西部,为古特提斯洋在该地区俯冲、碰撞形成的高压变质带,是羌塘中部低温高压变质带的重要组成部分。本文对红脊山混杂岩带内蓝片岩进行了系统的地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年及Sr-Nd同位素研究。结果显示,红脊山地区蓝片岩的原岩为碱性、亚碱性玄武岩,其中碱性玄武岩具有高TiO2(2.86%~4.84%),属高Ti玄武岩,富集轻稀土元素[(La/Yb)N=11.42~20.05]和高场强元素,地球化学特征类似于OIB;而亚碱性玄武岩,具有低TiO2(1.74%~1.81%),稀土总量较低(67.27×10-6~68.59×10-6)和轻稀土略微富集的特征[(La/Yb)N=2.49~2.81],与典型的E-MORB特征一致。Sr、Nd同位素组成:εNd(t)=-0.1~3.9,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i=0.704812~0.708365,表明该地区基性岩浆来自亏损型地幔。锆石的Th/U比值为0.33~1.33,并具有典型岩浆振荡环带结构;获得两组206 Pb/238 U年龄数据:其年龄加权平均值分别为288.3±1.9 Ma(n=15,MSWD=0.39)和304.2±2.3 Ma(n=14,MSWD=0.54),因此该两组年龄应代表蓝片岩原岩形成年龄,红脊山蓝片岩原岩形成时间相当于晚石炭世—早二叠世。结合区域地质事实和前人研究成果,红脊山基性原岩形成于大陆裂谷环境,其成因可能与地幔柱有关,与南羌塘二叠纪基性岩墙具有相同的构造背景及动力学机制。蓝片岩基性原岩年龄在红脊山乃至整个羌塘地区都鲜有报道,红脊山地区晚石炭世—早二叠世岩浆活动的厘定为精细刻画羌塘地区古特提斯构造演化过程提供了重要依据。     

青藏高原羌塘中部高压变质带的研究进展及存在问题

羌塘中部高压变质带是目前青藏高原内部延伸规模最大的高压变质带,是理解特提斯演化的关键地质记录。高压变质带主要沿龙木措-双湖-澜沧江缝合带一线出露,主要由榴辉岩、蓝片岩、石榴子石多硅白云母片岩及少量高压麻粒岩组成。其中,榴辉岩主要出露于戈木、果干加年山、冈玛错、巴青及滇西的勐库地区,主要呈透镜状产于石榴子石多硅白云母片岩中。除巴青地区的榴辉岩外,其余地区榴辉岩的峰期变质温度较低且含有硬柱石及其假象,峰期变质条件位于硬柱石榴辉岩相稳定区域,是洋壳冷俯冲的产物。虽然对于戈木地区榴辉岩锆石成因仍有争议,但已有资料显示,羌塘中部高压变质带主体变质时代集中在晚三叠世,其相关高压变质岩石的折返可能与洋盆的闭合及随后的陆-陆碰撞相关。近期研究表明,羌塘中部可能存在二叠纪低温高压变质岩,折返于大洋俯冲阶段,可能与洋岛或海山的俯冲及引发的俯冲侵蚀作用相关。此外,羌塘香桃湖地区出露早古生代的基性高压麻粒岩,是冈瓦纳大陆北缘陆块拼贴的记录。因此,对羌塘中部高压变质带进行进一步系统的研究工作,对于深入理解冈瓦纳北缘构造演化及古特提斯的俯冲与闭合过程具有重要的意义。     

阿克苏前寒武纪蓝片岩原岩产出的大地构造背景

阿克苏蓝片岩地体位于塔里木盆地西北缘。在其东南侧蓝片岩与上覆震旦纪地层不整合接触,因此被认为是目前世界上仅有的两个有确切证据的前寒武纪蓝片岩之一。过去人们对这个地区的工作主要围绕高压变质的同位素定年展开,若干个年龄数据均表明阿克苏蓝片岩的俯冲折返过程发生在新元古代。但是关于俯冲之前蓝片岩原岩产出的大地构造环境,目前还缺乏研究。本文通过对研究区内基性片岩的地球化学分析,得出蓝片岩原岩主要是洋壳玄武岩的结论。样品硅含量和一系列玄武岩不活动元素分类图解表明所有样品的原岩是拉斑玄武岩。由于明显的元素含量差异,样品被划分为A、B两组。稀土元素配分曲线、原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图以及常见的玄武岩大地构造判别图解都表明A组样品具有异常洋脊玄武岩的特征,而B组样品具有正常洋脊玄武岩的特征。阿克苏蓝片岩的原岩是新元古代邻近塔里木的某一洋壳的残片,它作为俯冲带增生楔的一部分经历深俯冲—折返过程,最终出露于地表。     

西南天山变质俯冲杂岩中的陆壳物质——来自变基性岩的地球化学证据

西南天山高压-超高压变质带中阿坦塔义地区新发现的榴辉岩块体呈透镜体产于围岩石榴石白云母片岩中,边部发育退变质蓝片岩.榴辉岩与蓝片岩具有相似的地球化学特征:榴辉岩SiO2为51.59％ ～52.66％,TiO2为0.70％ ～0.80％;蓝片岩SiO2为51.57％ ～54.06％,TiO2为0.86％～0.89％;榴辉岩与蓝片岩均具有轻稀土富集且内部中度分异、重稀土平缓、中度Eu负异常及亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、Ti等元素的地球化学特征,La/Nb分别为3.0 ～4.8及2.1 ～3.7,类似典型的活动大陆边缘岛弧岩浆岩特征.榴辉岩Zr/Hf=36.5 ～ 37.1,Nb/Ta=10.2 ～ 12.9;蓝片岩Zr/Hf=35.9 ～ 36.4,Nb/Ta=11.6 ～ 12.2,均类似大陆地壳的Zr/Hf与Nb/Ta比值.榴辉岩(87 Sr/86 Sr)i=0.7091 ～0.7095,εNd(t)=-7.52 ～-6.31;蓝片岩(87 Sr/86 Sr)i=0.7098 ～0.7107,εNd(t)=--7.70 ～-7.13.主微量元素特征和Sr-Nd同位素组成显示榴辉岩和蓝片岩的原岩具大陆地壳性质,这也是首次在西南天山变质俯冲杂岩中发现陆壳物质.     

三江南段景洪大勐龙地区基性高压变质岩岩石地球化学特征及其大地构造意义

本文以三江南段景洪大勐龙地区新发现的退变榴辉岩和蓝片岩为研究对象,对其进行了系统的地球化学、原岩性质及锆石U-Pb定年的综合研究。大勐龙地区退变榴辉岩呈透镜状产于白云钠长石英片岩、白云母片岩和斜长角闪(片)岩中,其原岩为亚碱性拉斑玄武岩,球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线呈轻稀土弱亏损、重稀土平坦型的分布特征,不具有Nb、Ta、Ti的亏损,与典型的N-MORB(正常型洋中脊玄武岩)地球化学特征一致,表明其原岩可能来源于亏损的地幔区,形成于洋中脊环境;变质锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为230.3±1.7Ma,可能代表榴辉岩峰期的变质时代。蓝片岩的原岩为亚碱性拉斑玄武岩,具有较高Ti玄武岩的特征(TiO₂含量2.55%~2.88%,均大于2%),稀土元素总量变化范围小,比典型的N-MORB稀土总量偏高,轻稀土元素(LREE)亏损,无明显负Eu异常,地球化学性质与N-MORB类似。结合以往区域研究成果,进一步确定研究区退变榴辉岩和蓝片岩的原岩属于典型N-MORB型,该项研究不仅在昌宁-孟连缝合带的南段发现典型的特提斯洋壳残片,而且为进一步深入探讨滇西地区特提斯洋消减-闭合的动力学背景及其复杂的构造演化过程提供了重要的科学依据。     

冀北赤城退变榴辉岩的岩石地球化学及原岩恢复

冀北赤城退变榴辉岩主元素特征显示所有样品均属拉斑玄武岩系列,可分出三种不同的REE配分型式。在MORB标准化微量元素配分图中,LREE亏损型与REE平坦型样品的HFSE与MORB相似,LREE富集型样品则具有较高的Zr、Hf和Y值,Nb和Ta明显富集,显示出陆壳物质混染的特征。这些特征表明,冀北赤城退变榴辉岩的原岩可能为兼具洋中脊和岛孤地球化学属性的洋壳拉斑玄武岩类,在后期俯冲消减过程中,发生榴辉岩相高压变质作用,并混入了部分陆壳物质。     

柴北缘野马滩超高压地体的成因:来自超高压榴辉岩中副片麻岩夹层年代学研究的启示

高压-超高压变质岩带是古板块汇聚边界的重要标志,若优俯冲环境和形成机制而言,可划分为大洋俯冲型和大陆俯冲型,前者与大洋岩石圈的消减和俯冲有关,常表现为高压-超高压榴辉岩和蓝片岩与具有洋壳性质的蛇绿岩和岛弧火山岩伴生,榴辉岩原岩为大洋火山岩;后者与陆壳的俯冲及陆-陆碰撞有关,常见高压-超高压榴辉岩呈透镜体状分布于长英质片麻岩、泥质片岩及大理岩等陆壳性质的变质岩石中,榴辉岩的原岩多为陆相火山岩.     

新疆西南天山超高压变质带的形成与演化

本文系统地总结了近年来有关新疆西南天山超高压变质带在野外地质产状、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学和年代学等方面研究取得的进展。根据野外地质产状特征,西南天山出露的榴辉岩可以分为三类:即在蓝片岩中呈透镜体的块状榴辉岩、保存有玄武岩岩枕的枕状榴辉岩和夹杂在大理岩中的条带状榴辉岩。详细的岩石学研究表明它们都经历过超高压变质作用,其变质作用演化经历了3个阶段:峰期榴辉岩阶段(560～600℃,4.95～5.07GPa)、主期榴辉岩阶段(598～496℃,25.72～26.66±1kbar)和退变绿帘石蓝片岩相阶段。地球化学研究显示其原岩相当于源于富集地幔的(ε_(Nd)-1.4～-0.4)具有 OIB 特点的变碱性玄武岩、源于亏损地幔的(ε_(Nd)= 6.7～ 7.4)具有 NMORB 特点的洋中脊玄武岩和源于较富集地幔的(ε_(Nd)=-2.5～ 3.2)具有 EMORB 特点的洋中脊玄武岩,它们形成于海山环境下的洋壳。榴辉岩中锆石 SHRIMP定年结果表明榴辉岩的原岩形成于石炭纪(>310Ma)之前,洋壳开始俯冲发生在二叠纪末(280～290Ma),高压一超高压变质发生在三叠纪(220～230Ma)。结合在其北侧低压麻粒岩带的发现,提出了新疆西南天山超高压变质带双变质带构造演化模式。     

大陆造山运动：从大洋俯冲到大陆俯冲、碰撞、折返的时限——以北祁连山、柴北缘为例

北祁连山和柴北缘是典型的早古生代大陆造山带,分别发育有北祁连山大洋型俯冲缝合带和柴北缘大陆型俯冲碰撞带.作为早古生代大洋冷俯冲的典型代表,北祁连山经历了从新元古代-寒武纪大洋扩张、奥陶纪俯冲和闭合及早泥盆世隆升造山的过程.高压变质岩变质年龄为490～440Ma,证明古祁连洋经历了至少50m．y．的俯冲过程.柴北缘超高压变质带是大陆深俯冲的结果,岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学表明,柴北缘超高压变质带中榴辉岩的原岩分别来自洋壳和陆壳两种环境.高压/超高压变质的蛇绿岩原岩的年龄为517±11Ma,与祁连山蛇绿岩年龄一致.榴辉岩早期的变质年龄为443～473Ma,与祁连山高压变质年龄一致,代表大洋地壳俯冲的时代,而柯石英片麻岩和石榴橄榄岩所限定的超高压变质时代为420～426Ma,代表大陆俯冲的年龄.从大洋俯冲结束到大陆俯冲最大深度的转换时间最少需要20m．y．.自420Ma起,俯冲的大洋岩石圈与跟随俯冲的大陆岩石圈断离,大陆地壳开始折返,发生隆升和造山.北祁连山和柴北缘两个不同类型的高压-超高压变质带反映了早古生代从大洋俯冲到大陆俯冲、隆升折返的造山过程.     

羌塘中部高压变质带的退变质作用及其构造侵位

羌塘中部的高压变质带主要由榴辉岩、石榴石白云母片岩和蓝片岩等组成,它们在遭受高压变质作用之后折返,构造侵位于晚古生代展金组地层中,二者以韧性变形带为接触边界.本文以高压变质带中的榴辉岩和韧性变形带为研究对象,讨论了高压变质带折返过程中的退变质作用特征及折返时代.研究表明,榴辉岩在高峰期变质作用之后的折返过程中经历了由榴辉岩相→蓝片岩相→绿帘角闪岩相的退变质作用演化过程;在高压变质带构造侵位过程形成的韧性变形带中,白云母石英片岩的白云母40Ar-39Ar坪年龄为219±2Ma.高压变质带在219Ma左右构造侵位于展金组地层中,并于214Ma之前最终抬升出露地表.     

Petrology and metamorphism of glaucophane eclogites in Changning-Menglian suture zone,Bangbing area,southeast Tibetan Plateau: An evidence for Paleo-Tethyan subduction

High/ultrahigh-pressure (HP/UHP) metamorphic complexes, such as eclogite and blueschist, are generally regarded as significant signature of paleo-subduction zones and paleo-suture zones. Glaucophane eclogites have been recently identified within the Lancang Group characterized by accretionary mélange in the Changning-Menglian suture zone, at Bangbing in the Shuangjiang area of southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The authors report the result of petrological, mineralogical and metamorphism investigations of these rocks, and discuss their tectonic implications. The eclogites are located within the Suyi blueschist belt and occur as tectonic lenses in coarse-grained garnet muscovite schists. The major mineral assemblage of the eclogites includes garnet, omphacite, glaucophane, phengite, clinozoisite and rutile. Eclogitic garnet contains numerous inclusions, such as omphacite, glaucophane, rutile, and quartz with radial cracks around. Glaucophane and clinozoisite in the matrix have apparent optical and compositional zonation. Four stages of metamorphic evolution can be determined: The prograde blueschist facies (M₁), the peak eclogite facies (M₂), the decompression blueschist facies (M₃) and retrograde greenschist facies (M₄). Using the Grt-Omp-Phn geothermobarometer, a peak eclogite facies metamorphic P-T condition of 3000–3270 MPa and 617–658°C was determined, which is typical of low-temperature ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism. The comparison of the geological characteristics of the Bangbing glaucophane eclogites and the Mengku lawsonite-bearing retrograde eclogites indicates that two suites of eclogites may have formed from significantly different depths or localities to create the tectonic mélange in a subduction channel during subduction of the Triassic Changning-Menglian Ocean. The discovery of the Bangbing glaucophane eclogites may represent a new oceanic HP/UHP metamorphic belt in the Changning-Menglian suture zone.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Iranshahr blueschist: subduction of the inner Makran oceanic crust

The Makran accretionary prism in SE Iran and SW Pakistan is one of the most extensive subduction accretions on Earth. It is characterized by intense folding, thrust faulting and dislocation of the Cenozoic units that consist of sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks. Rock units forming the northern Makran ophiolites are amalgamated as a mélange. Metamorphic rocks, including greenschist, amphibolite and blueschist, resulted from metamorphism of mafic rocks and serpentinites. In spite of the geodynamic significance of blueschist in this area, it has been rarely studied. Peak metamorphic phases of the northern Makran mafic blueschist in the Iranshahr area are glaucophane, phengite, quartz±omphacite+epidote. Post peak minerals are chlorite, albite and calcic amphibole. Blueschist facies metasedimentary rocks contain garnet, phengite, albite and epidote in the matrix and as inclusions in glaucophane. The calculated P–T pseudosection for a representative metabasic glaucophane schist yields peak pressure and temperature of 11.5–15 kbar at 400–510 °C. These rocks experienced retrograde metamorphism from blueschist to greenschist facies (350–450 °C and 7–8 kbar) during exhumation. A back arc basin was formed due to northward subduction of Neotethys under Eurasia (Lut block). Exhumation of the high‐pressure metamorphic rocks in northern Makran occurred contemporarily with subduction. Several reverse faults played an important role in exhumation of the ophiolitic and HP‐LT rocks. The presence of serpentinite shows the possible role of a serpentinite diapir for exhumation of the blueschist. A tectonic model is proposed here for metamorphism and exhumation of oceanic crust and accretionary sedimentary rocks of the Makran area. Vast accretion of subducted materials caused southward migration of the shore.     

Fluid-induced breakdown of white mica controls nitrogen transfer during fluid–rock interaction in subduction zones

ABSTRACT

In order to determine the effects of fluid–rock interaction on nitrogen elemental and isotopic systematics in high-pressure metamorphic rocks, we investigated three different profiles representing three distinct scenarios of metasomatic overprinting. A profile from the Chinese Tianshan (ultra)high-pressure–low-temperature metamorphic belt represents a prograde, fluid-induced blueschist–eclogite transformation. This profile shows a systematic decrease in N concentrations from the host blueschist (~26 μg/g) via a blueschist–eclogite transition zone (19–23 μg/g) and an eclogitic selvage (12–16 μg/g) towards the former fluid pathway. Eclogites and blueschists show only a small variation in δ¹⁵N_air (+2.1 ± 0.3‰), but the systematic trend with distance is consistent with a batch devolatilization process. A second profile from the Tianshan represents a retrograde eclogite–blueschist transition. It shows increasing, but more scattered, N concentrations from the eclogite towards the blueschist and an unsystematic variation in δ¹⁵N values (δ¹⁵N = + 1.0 to +5.4‰). A third profile from the high-P/T metamorphic basement complex of the Southern Armorican Massif (Vendée, France) comprises a sequence from an eclogite lens via retrogressed eclogite and amphibolite into metasedimentary country rock gneisses. Metasedimentary gneisses have high N contents (14–52 μg/g) and positive δ¹⁵N values (+2.9 to +5.8‰), and N concentrations become lower away from the contact with 11–24 μg/g for the amphibolites, 10–14 μg/g for the retrogressed eclogite, and 2.1–3.6 μg/g for the pristine eclogite, which also has the lightest N isotopic compositions (δ¹⁵N = + 2.1 to +3.6‰).

Overall, geochemical correlations demonstrate that phengitic white mica is the major host of N in metamorphosed mafic rocks. During fluid-induced metamorphic overprint, both abundances and isotopic composition of N are controlled by the stability and presence of white mica. Phengite breakdown in high-P/T metamorphic rocks can liberate significant amounts of N into the fluid. Due to the sensitivity of the N isotope system to a sedimentary signature, it can be used to trace the extent of N transport during metasomatic processes. The Vendée profile demonstrates that this process occurs over several tens of metres and affects both N concentrations and N isotopic compositions.     

羌塘中部高压变质带的形成过程

羌塘中部高压变质带由榴辉岩、石榴石白云母片岩和蓝片岩等组成,与蛇绿混杂岩、晚古生代浅变质地层岩片等共同构成了龙木错-双湖板块缝合带这一构造混杂岩带,是伴随古特提斯洋闭合的深俯冲作用及后期构造作用的产物。通过对其野外地质特征、不同岩石类型岩石学、矿物学以及同位素年代学等的研究,确认榴辉岩和石榴石白云母片岩在早期分别经历了各自的形成过程,在榴辉岩形成之后的折返过程中二者共同构成了高压变质带,并且在折返过程中榴辉岩发生蓝片岩相退变质作用,同时导致了带内蓝片岩的形成。同位素年代学研究结果表明,龙木错-双湖板块缝合带闭合过程中的榴辉岩相变质作用发生于240Ma左右,折返过程中的蓝片岩相退变质作用及蓝片岩的形成应在220～200Ma,高压变质带最终在214Ma之前抬升出露地表。     

Eclogite and carpholite-bearing metasedimentary rocks in the North Qilian suture zone, NW China: implications for Early Palaeozoic cold oceanic subduction and water transport into mantle

Low‐temperature eclogite and eclogite facies metapelite together with serpentinite and marble occur as blocks within foliated blueschist that was originated from greywacke matrix; they formed a high‐pressure low‐temperature (HPLT) subduction complex (mélange) in the North Qilian oceanic‐type suture zone, NW China. Phengite–eclogite (type I) and epidote–eclogite (type II) were recognized on the basis of mineral assemblage. Relic lawsonite and lawsonite pseudomorphs occur as inclusions in garnet from both types of eclogite. Garnet–omphacite–phengite geothermobarometry yields metamorphic conditions of 460–510 °C and 2.20–2.60 GPa for weakly deformed eclogite, and 475–500 °C and 1.75–1.95 GPa for strongly foliated eclogite. Eclogite facies metasediments include garnet–omphacite–phengite–glaucophane schist and various chloritoid‐bearing schists. Mg‐carpholite was identified in some high‐Mg chloritoid schists. P–T estimates yield 2.60–2.15 GPa and 495–540 °C for Grt–Omp–Phn–Gln schist, and 2.45–2.50 GPa and 525–530 °C for the Mg‐carpholite schist. Mineral assemblages and P–T estimates, together with isotopic ages, suggest that the oceanic lithosphere as well as pelagic to semi‐pelagic sediments have been subducted to the mantle depths (≥75 km) before 460 Ma. Blueschist facies retrogression occurred at c. 454–446 Ma and led to eclogite deformation and dehydration of lawsonite during exhumation. The peak P–Tconditions for eclogite and metapelite in the North Qilian suture zone demonstrate the existence of cold subduction‐zone gradients (6–7 °C km^?1), and this cold subduction brought a large amount of H₂O to the deep mantle in the Early Palaeozoic times.     

Zircon U–Pb and Hf evidence for coupled subduction of oceanic and continental crust during the Carboniferous in the Huwan shear zone,western Dabie orogen,central China

Both oceanic and continental HP rocks are juxtaposed in the Huwan shear zone in the western Dabie orogen, and thus provide a window for testing the buoyancy‐driven exhumation of dense oceanic HP rocks. The HP metamorphic age of the continental rocks in this zone has not been well constrained, and hence it is not known if they are of the same age as the exhumation of the HP oceanic rocks. In situ laser ablation (multiple collector) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐(MC‐)ICP‐MS), U–Pb, trace element and Hf isotope analyses were made on zircon in a granitic gneiss and two eclogites from the Huwan shear zone. U–Pb age and trace element analysis of residual magmatic zircon in an eclogite constrain its protolith formation at 411 ± 4 Ma. The zircon in this sample displays ε_Hf (t) values of +6.1 to +14.4. The positive ε_Hf (t) values up to +14.4 suggest that the protolith was derived from a relatively depleted mantle source, most likely Palaeotethyan oceanic crust. A granitic gneiss and the other eclogite yield protolith U–Pb ages of 738 ± 6 and 700 ± 14 Ma, respectively, which are both the Neoproterozoic basement rocks of the Yangtze Block. The zircon in the granitic gneiss has low ε_Hf (t) values of ?14.2 to ?10.5 and old T_DM2 ages of 2528–2298 Ma, suggesting reworking of Palaeoproterozoic crust during the Neoproterozoic. The zircon in the eclogite has ε_Hf (t) values of ?1.0 to +7.4 and T_DM1 ages of 1294–966 Ma, implying prompt reworking of juvenile crust during its protolith formation. Metamorphic zircon in both eclogite samples displays low Th/U ratios, trace element concentrations, relatively flat heavy rare earth element patterns, weak negative Eu anomalies and low ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios. All these features suggest that the metamorphic zircon formed in the presence of garnet but in the absence of feldspar, and thus under eclogite facies conditions. The metamorphic zircon yields U–Pb ages of 310 ± 3 and 306 ± 7 Ma. Therefore, both the oceanic‐ and continental‐type eclogites share the same episode of Carboniferous eclogite facies metamorphism. This suggests that high‐pressure continental‐type metamorphic rocks might have played a key role in the exhumation and preservation of oceanic‐type eclogites through buoyancy‐driven uplift.     

羌塘中部龙木错—双湖缝合带中硬玉石榴石二云母片岩的成因及意义

羌塘中部的高压变质带位于龙木错—双湖—澜沧江板块缝合带之上,由榴辉岩、蓝片岩和石榴石白云母片岩组成。其形成过程对探讨板块缝合带的构造演化具有重要意义。2008年笔者在果干加年山地区的展金岩群湖南山岩组中发现了硬玉石榴石二云母片岩这种新的高压变质岩石类型,文中以其为研究对象,做了较为详细的岩石学、矿物学以及变质作用的研究,认为硬玉石榴石二云母片岩至少经历了二期的变质作用:第一期早期绿片岩相,形成了片理S1,其pT条件为T=425～434℃,p=300～500MPa;第二期主期蓝片岩相高压变质作用,形成岩石主期片理S2,其pT条件为T=472～481℃,p=1200～1700MPa。硬玉石榴石二云母片岩是榴辉岩折返过程中构造事件的产物,这期折返事件形成了218～220Ma的一期蓝片岩相变形-变质作用。     

藏北羌塘中部绒玛地区蓝片岩岩石学、矿物学和40Ar/39Ar年代学

藏北羌塘中部沿龙木错-双湖-线出露一条低温高压变质带,目前已有多处蓝片岩的报道.然而,除冈玛错地区产有典型的蓝闪石外,多数地区并没有典型蓝闪石的报道.绒玛蓝片岩位于羌塘中部高压变质带的中段,是该带中规模最大、保存最好的蓝片岩,对蓝片岩进行了详细的岩石学和矿物学研究,钠质角闪石主要为蓝闪石、青铝闪石、钠闪石和镁钠闪石.对蓝片岩中蓝闪石和多硅白云母进行了40Ar/39Ar定年,获得了227.3±3.8Ma和215±1.5Ma的坪年龄,分别代表蓝片岩快速俯冲消减和俯冲作用结束开始折返抬升的时代.绒玛蓝片岩岩石学、矿物学和40Ar/39Ar年代学研究为羌塘中部高压变质带的研究提供了新的资料.     

Metamorphic and tectonic evolution of a structurally continuous blueschist‐to‐Barrovian terrane,Sivrihisar Massif,Turkey

Metamorphic terranes comprised of blueschist facies and regional metamorphic (Barrovian) rocks in apparent structural continuity may represent subduction complexes that were partially overprinted during syn‐ to post‐subduction heating or may be comprised of unrelated tectonic slices. An excellent example of a composite blueschist‐to‐Barrovian terrane is the southern Sivrihisar Massif, Turkey. Late Cretaceous blueschist facies rocks are dominated by marble characterized by rod‐shaped calcite pseudomorphs after aragonite and interlayered with blueschist that contains eclogite and quartzite pods. Barrovian rocks, which have ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar white mica ages that are >20 Myr younger than those of the blueschists, are also dominated by marble, but rod‐shaped calcite has been progressively recrystallized into massive marble within a ～200‐m transition zone. Barrovian marble is interlayered with quartzite and schist in which isograds are closely spaced and metamorphic conditions range from chlorite to sillimanite zone over ～1 km present‐day structural thickness. Andalusite, kyanite and prismatic sillimanite are present in muscovite‐rich quartzite; in one location, all three are in the same rock. Andalusite pre‐dates Barrovian metamorphism, kyanite is both pre‐ and syn‐Barrovian and sillimanite is entirely Barrovian. Muscovite with phengitic cores and relict kyanite in quartzite below the staurolite‐in isograd are evidence for pre‐Barrovian subduction metamorphism preserved at the low‐T end of the Barrovian domain; above the staurolite isograd, all evidence for subduction metamorphism has been erased. Some regional metamorphism may have occurred during exhumation, as indicated by syn‐kinematic high‐T minerals defining the fabric of L‐tectonite. Quartz microstructures in lineated quartzite reveal a strong constrictional fabric that may have formed in a transtensional bend in the plate boundary. Transtension accounts for the closely spaced isograds and development of a strong constrictional fabric during exhumation.