利用2018年伽师小震群强震动记录分析区域场地特征

2018年9月伽师地区发生震群事件,连续发生18次M3.0地震,最大震级M 5.5,获取大量强震动记录,初步分析此次震群强震动记录特征、记录峰值比、场地地震反应,结果发现:加速度记录峰值在震中距30 km范围内衰减较快,震中距30—100 km范围内衰减平缓;强震动加速度记录峰值水平向与垂直向比值为1—3,均值约1.5;场地共振频率为0.48—1.56 Hz,平均放大倍数为8.4—9.5。     

2020年1月19日伽师6.4级地震强震动记录特征分析

以新疆强震动台网获取的伽师6.4级地震的42组126条原始加速度记录为依据,对强震动记录时程、幅值、频谱三方面进行分析。结果表明,此次地震获取的最大加速度峰值为633.3cm/s²,仪器地震烈度为Ⅸ度;在震中距200km以内两水平向与垂直向加速度峰值比在1~3之间,速度峰值比在0~4之间。分析此次地震三分向加速度峰值衰减关系,0~50km范围内地震峰值加速度观测值在分区地震动衰减关系(Yu13)长轴预测值误差范围之内,高于南天山西段土层衰减关系(Zhang)预测值;水平向加速度反应谱卓越周期主要集中在0~0.5s,垂直向集中在0~0.2s。65XKR台水平向反应谱高于Ⅷ度罕遇地震设计反应谱,峰值卓越周期为0.48s;垂直向反应谱高于Ⅷ度罕遇地震设计反应谱,峰值位于高频段。     

新疆南天山地区土层场地地震动峰值加速度衰减关系

南天山地区是天山地震构造区现今构造运动最为强烈的地区,该地区地震活动频度高、强度大。本文选取了南天山地区1985～2010年6月15日M≥3.5地震的强震动记录共360条,采用改进的两步回归法拟合了该地区土层加速度衰减规律。通过回归结果和实际记录资料的对比分析,发现模型Ⅱ的衰减曲线与实际观测资料拟合度更高,同时也发现水平向回归结果好于垂直向的回归结果。与该地区的其它地震加速度衰减关系研究成果相比,此衰减关系与实际记录的吻合度较高。     

2011年10月12日北京市石景山区M_L2.1地震近场加速度记录初步分析

根据近场强震台加速度记录对2011年10月12日北京市石景山区ML2.1地震的加速度影响场进行了计算分析.同时使用了首都圈宽频带数字台站记录数据通过P波初动格点尝试法解算出该地震的震源机制解,并与加速度影响场进行对比研究.结果表明,此次地震加速度影响场水平向加速度高于垂直向;水平向峰值加速度分布区和加速度影响场高低速度过渡区总体呈EW向或NEE向分布,与震源机制解结果的两个节面走向较为一致;加速度衰减NS向快于EW向.本文研究结果可为强震或较大地震发生后快速判定震害影响场提供参考依据.     

用于核工程地震安全性评价的中小地震水平向加速度反应谱衰减关系研究

利用美国西部的中小地震记录对基岩场地条件下的中小地震水平向地震动多阻尼加速度反应谱的衰减关系进行了初步研究,并分析了震级与距离对中小地震水平向地震动加速度反应谱衰减规律的影响.     

台湾集集地震近场地震动的上盘效应

1999年9月21日（当地时间）台湾集集7.6级地震是一个逆断层型地震．用回归分析法对台湾集集地震的加速度峰值数据进行分析，得出了这次地震的水平与垂直向的加速度峰值衰减关系．从残差分布上看，位于断层上盘和下盘上的加速度峰值与从衰减关系所得到的结果相比存在不同的系统偏差，断层上盘地表的加速度峰值较高，而下盘地表的加速度峰值较低．从这次地震的加速度峰值分布等值线图上也可以看出，加速度峰值的分布相对于断层呈现明显的不对称性，上盘衰减较慢而下盘衰减较快．在近断层强地面运动研究、地震危险性分析、设定地震研究与震害预测等工作中，应考虑可能地震的震源机制特点，以便使所用的衰减模型更能反映不同地震环境地区的地震动分布特征．      

西南地区水平向峰值速度、峰值位移衰减关系研究

本文收集西南地区79个4.0＜Ms≤8.0主震、0＜Rrup＜300 km的自由场地加速度记录,采用合理可靠的数据处理方法获得峰值速度(PGV)和峰值位移(PGD)的水平分量几何均值各1600个.建立包含西南地区强震动数据及相应的震源、距离、场地参数等各项元数据的数据集.统计回归得到西南地区包含震级饱和效应、震级相关几何衰减、线性和非线性场地响应、非弹性衰减的水平向PGV、PGD衰减关系.进行了事件间和事件内残差评估、模型评估.将本文衰减曲线与西南地区大震和强震的实际观测值、川藏区水平向PGV衰减关系以及NGA-West1的水平向PGD衰减关系进行对比.结果表明,本文衰减关系用于估计西南地区震级Ms4.0-8.0、距离10～300 km的地震动PGV、PGD是有效的.绝大多数汶川、芦山、鲁甸和九寨沟地震的PGV、PGD观测值分布在本文PGV、PGD衰减曲线士1倍标准差以内.本文的PGV、PGD衰减曲线显示了震级相关的PGV、PGD衰减和土层非线性的平均效应.与国内常用衰减关系和NGA-West1衰减关系相比,本文衰减关系能更好地体现震源特性、传播介质、场地非线性对西南地区水平向PGV、PGD衰减特征的影响.     

云南地区地面峰值加速度衰减规律

根据云南地区的实测强震加速度资料，采用回归分析法研究了云南地区的地面水平、垂直峰值加速度衰减规律。共选取云南地区加速度记录240条，进行了加速度衰减规律的统计，并把得到的结果与前人的结果进行比较分析，提出更适合云南地区地震地质特征的加速度衰减规律。     

近断层竖向地震动峰值特征

为了研究近断层区域竖向地震动的加速度峰值衰减特征和竖向与水平加速度峰值比特征,为进行近断层区域结构抗震设计和地震危险性分析等提供基础数据参考,根据1952—1999年世界范围内震级在M5．4-M7．6之间的18次地震的地震动记录提出一种同时考虑断层距和震级影响的竖向峰值加速度衰减关系,并与其他学者提出的衰减关系进行了对比分析。然后初步统计分析了竖向与水平峰值加速度比值、竖向地震动PGV／PGA比值的特征。研究结果表明,本文提出的加速度峰值衰减关系形式比较简单而且能较好地体现地震动加速度峰值的衰减变化关系;断层距在0—40km范围内相当一部分竖向与水平向峰值加速度比值大于一般抗震设计规范中规定的比值即0．65;至少对于竖向地震动而言,只将PGV／PGA〉0．2s作为识别近断层脉冲型地震动的强度指标是不够的。     

强地面运动加速度峰值三向比值统计分析

水平向加速度峰值比为两条水平向加速度峰值的较大值与较小值的比值;竖向与水平向加速度峰值比为竖向加速度峰值与两条水平向加速度峰值的较小值的比值。以2 129次破坏性地震的156 783组地震动加速度记录为基础,研究水平向、竖向与水平向加速度峰值比值的统计分布特征,对加速度记录按照震中距、震级和震源深度进行分类统计分析。统计分析结果表明：水平向加速度峰值比总体平均值为0.83,水平向加速度峰值比≤0.85的累积概率为63%;竖向与水平向加速度峰值比总体呈现极值Ⅱ型分布特征,竖向与水平向加速度峰值比总体平均值为0.44,竖向与水平向加速度峰值比≤0.65的累积概率为92%。水平向加速度峰值比随震中距的增大而增大,竖向与水平向加速度峰值比随震中距的增大而减小。竖向与水平向加速度峰值比随着震级的增大而增大;在大震(7相似文献   

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.