层状侵入体及其韵律层成因

层状侵入体以其独特的韵律结构记录了岩浆的演化分异过程。围绕韵律层理的成因 ,不同学者提出了很多成层机制 ,归纳起来大体有两类 :一类与岩浆流动和动力成层有关 ,包括流动分异、对流成层、化学成因等 ;另一类为非动力成层机制 ,主要有火成堆积、重力分异、压实作用和固化收缩等观点。影响韵律形成的因素很多 ,通常包括岩浆成分、对流作用、扩散作用、热梯度、氧逸度、温度和压力等。在评述这些成层机制和影响因素的基础上 ,结合攀枝花层状侵入体的特点 ,认为该岩体的韵律结构是在岩浆的固化收缩和压实作用下 ,晶体定向生长和自组织排列的结果 ,是二元 (辉石 ,斜长石 )、固 (岩石 )—液 (岩浆 )相转变系统中动量、能量和物种质量的复杂耦合所形成的分形自组织现象。对层状侵入体的进一步研究应集中在加强实验 (尤其是高温高压实验 )、引入非线性分析以及与成矿研究相结合等方面。     

层状侵入体韵律层理形成过程的定量模拟——以四川攀枝花层状岩体为例

层状侵入体的韵律层理是一种特殊的岩石构造,长期以来其成因倍受关注,成因假说很多。本文在综合这些观点关于岩浆物理,化学性质的研究,尤其是在岩浆房地对流特征研究成果的基础上,提出了新的成因解释,认为固化带前锋处矿物的结晶,熔浆组分的扩散及固化带前锋本身的推进等３个因素的相互耦合是形成韵律层理的主要机制,这个过程是发生在一定过冷却条件下的,在这种定性认识基础上,笔者提出了旨在对韵律层理形成过程进行模拟计     

攀枝花层状基性侵入体氧同位素初步研究

攀枝花层状辉长岩侵入体,自下而上可分为四个岩带。各种样品的δ18O值: 8个全岩样品中的6个为 6.27— 6.91‰;23个钛磁铁矿中的19个为 1.28— 2.39‰;21个斜长石中的12个为 6.18— 7.60‰。氧同位素特征表明,岩体源自上地幔。Ⅰ岩带氧同位素平衡温度较低455℃—730℃,可能是成岩后叠加地质作用影响的结果;Ⅱ岩带856—1045℃;Ⅲ岩带652—740℃;Ⅳ岩带62 1.—871℃。     

攀西地区层状岩体套叠式韵律的分形研究

套叠式韵律是攀西层状岩体的重要特征,它在岩相、矿物、结构、元素含量和斜长石牌号等各方面都有表现。本文阐述了套叠式韵律最为明显的岩相和元素含量特征,并采用分形中的关联维方法对白马岩体数据进行计算。从计算结果可知：形成ＭｇＯ的套叠式韵律需要有５个状态变量控制：ＳｉＯ２、ＴｉＯ２、Ｖ２Ｏ３、Ｓ等元素的套叠式韵律的形成受７个状态变量的控制,推测岩体韵律的形成受７个状态变量控制。其中有两个状态变量对ＭｇＯ影响不大。ＩｎＣ（ｒ）—Ｉｎｒ曲线近似为一直线,表明该岩体韵律可用分形的方法研究     

攀西地区基性-超基性岩地球化学及嵌套韵律层的分形动力学研究

攀西地区层状基性 -超基性岩体从下到上具有套叠式韵律结构的特征 ,这种韵律由岩石的颜色、矿物的成分、结构等表征。在长期的地球重力作用下 ,物质的液态分异或固相结晶分异为层状岩体韵律成因的关键。提出用类似于 Cantor分形集合法构筑重力分异时空分形集合 ,结果以色谱条带图和直方图表达 ,并与攀枝花层状岩体的野外岩石观察的颜色韵律以及岩体实测的矿物成分、长石的 An号码进行了对比 ,表明岩体实测数据与构筑的重力分异时空分形理论图式很相似 ,揭示了攀西层状基性 -超基性岩体的套叠式韵律结构在成因上具有时空分形的特征     

区域地球化学异常空间分形结构及其意义——以浙江省诸暨地区区域地球化学数据为例

区域地球化学数据既具有确定性的特征 ,又具有随机性的特征 ,从而地球化学异常的空间分布具有标度不变性的特征 ,即空间分形结构。本文运用元素含量 等值线面积模型、元素含量的周长与面积模型 ,查明区域地球化学异常分形结构 ,初步探讨了其形成机制 ,并讨论了元素含量与等值线面积的空间分形模型用于划分地球化学异常与背景的意义。     

攀西裂谷带内超基性碱性岩和层状辉长岩^40Ar-^39Ar年龄——以鸡街、大向坪和太和岩体为例

对分布在攀西古裂谷带内的禄丰县鸡街和大向坪超基性碱性环状杂岩体中霞辉岩，以及西昌太和层状辉长岩等两类岩石进行全岩^40Ar-^39Ar坪年龄测定，结果表明鸡街岩体和大向坪岩体中霞辉岩年龄范围在214～193Ma，相当于晚三叠世，属于印支期。总体上，超基性碱性环状杂岩的侵位时间略晚于含矿辉长岩；太和层状辉长岩^40Ar-^39Ar坪年龄，由于过剩Ar等原因的扰动，使其年龄值远远高于成岩年龄。暗示全岩或辉石单矿物等不适合作为攀西地区层状辉长岩定年的对象。     

致矿侵入体的识别标志——以新疆阿尔夏提矽卡岩型铁铜矿床为例

致矿侵入体的识别是成矿学研究和资源勘查的关键环节之一,对于许多矿床类型来说也是一个难点.本文以新疆阿尔夏提矽卡岩型铁铜矿床为例,阐述了通过建立五种联系及其地质学、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学和成矿学标志的识别方法,进而提出推木尔特岩基为含矿流体屏蔽层的认识.推木尔特岩基与矽卡岩矿体具有紧密的空间联系,容易被误认为是致矿侵入体.然而,其成岩时间早于成矿时间,仅导致围岩的大理岩化和角岩化,因而不是成矿物质的来源.相反,矿区内分布的闪长质小岩体和各类岩墙不仅与矿体和矽卡岩存在紧密的空间联系,而且岩石中普遍见有造矿矿物与造岩矿物的共结关系,岩体(墙)本身及其围岩也经受了强烈的流体改造,是含矿流体的通道和真正的致矿侵入体.     

区域地球化学异常空间分形结构及其意义--以浙江省诸暨区域地球化学数据为例

区域地球化学数据既具有确定性的特征,又具有随机性的特征,从而地球化学异常的空间分布具有标度不变性的特征,即空间分形结构.本文运用元素含量-等值线面积模型、元素含量的周长与面积模型,查明区域地球化学异常分形结构,初步探讨了其形成机制,并讨论了等值线含量与面积的空间分形模型用于划分地球化学异常与背景的意义.     

区域地球化学推断地质体模型与应用——以花岗岩类侵入体为例

区域化探全国扫面计划获得的海量地球化学数据在基础地质和矿产勘查研究中已发挥了重要作用。全国矿产资源潜力评价化探工作组将全国陆地国土划分为5个地球化学域(古亚洲地球化学域、秦祁昆地球化学域、特提斯地球化学域、扬子地球化学域和滨太平洋地球化学域)和25个地球化学省。在全国地球化学图中位于云南西部地区的花岗岩类侵入体具有显著富K2O、Th、U、La、Y、Zr而贫Co、Ni、V、Cr、Ti、Fe2O3的特征。基于云南西部地区区域化探数据利用因子分析确定了高场强元素组合(F2)和相容元素组合(F1)两个公因子:F2=0.87Th+0.86Y+0.77U+0.77Zr+0.67La+0.61K2O+0.58Al2O3+0.53Be,F1=0.95Fe2O3+0.93V+0.93Ti+0.92Co+0.81Cr+0.80Ni。利用二者因子得分比值(F2/F1)构建了推断花岗岩类侵入体的区域地球化学综合指标和推断模型。以F2/F1为例介绍了制作地球化学图和地球化学异常图的方法技术。在F2/F1地球化学图中的高值区或在其地球化学异常图中的异常区与云南西部地区花岗岩类侵入体的地表出露范围十分吻合,从而验证了地球化学推断花岗岩类侵入体模型的可行性。基于构建的推断模型在全国近7百万平方千米的范围内进行推演并绘制F2/F1的地球化学图和地球化学异常图。选择华南中部地区进行详细分析,结果发现模型指标异常区与实测花岗岩类侵入体在空间形态和规模上十分吻合,尤其在韶关至桂林、贺州一带花岗岩类侵入体边界与F2/F1异常区边界几乎一致。这一结果不仅证实了针对花岗岩类侵入体所建立的区域地球化学推断模型的可行性,而且该模型在基础地质研究方面具有潜在应用价值。     

Geochemistry, Petrogenesis and Metallogenesis of the Panzhihua Gabbroic Layered Intrusion and Associated Fe-Ti-V Oxide Deposits, Sichuan Province, SW China

The Panzhihua gabbroic layered intrusion is associated withthe 260 Ma Emeishan Large Igneous Province in SW China. Thissill-like body hosts a giant Fe–Ti–V oxide depositwith 1333 million ton ore reserves, which makes China a majorproducer of these metals. The intrusion has a Marginal zoneof fine-grained hornblende-bearing gabbro and olivine gabbro,followed upward by Lower, Middle, and Upper zones. The Lowerand Middle zones consist of layered melanogabbro and gabbrocomposed of cumulate clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine.These zones also contain magnetite layers. The Upper zone consistschiefly of leucogabbro composed of plagioclase and clinopyroxenewith minor olivine. Most rocks in the body show variable-scalerhythmic modal layering in which dark minerals, primarily clinopyroxene,dominate in the lower parts of each layer, and lighter minerals,primarily plagioclase, dominate in the upper parts. The oxideores occur as layers and lenses within the gabbros and are concentratedin the lower parts of the intrusion. Ore textures and associatedmineral assemblages indicate that the ore bodies formed by verylate-stage crystallization of V-rich titanomagnetite from animmiscible oxide liquid in a fluid-rich environment. The rocksof the Panzhihua intrusion become more evolved in chemistryupward and follow a tholeiitic differentiation trend with enrichmentin Fe, Ti, and V. They are enriched in light rare earth elementsrelative to heavy rare earth elements, and exhibit positiveNb, Ta, and Ti anomalies and negative Zr and Hf anomalies. Thesilicate rocks and oxide ores of the Panzhihua intrusion formedfrom highly evolved Fe–Ti–V-rich ferrobasaltic orferropicritic magmas. The textures of the ores and the abundanceof minor hydrous phases indicate that addition of fluids fromupper crustal wall-rocks induced the separation of the immiscibleoxide melts from which the Fe–Ti–V oxide ore bodiesin the lower part of the intrusion crystallized. KEY WORDS: magnetite; Fe–Ti-rich gabbro; layered intrusion; Panzhihua; SW China     

四川攀西红格矿区辉长岩和正长岩的SHRIMP U-Pb和Sm-Nd定年及其地质意义

用SHRIMP U-Pb和Sm-Nd定年技术,对攀西红格矿区含矿层状辉长岩、碱性正长岩进行了年龄测定。获得红格辉长岩中3种不同晶形锆石的U-Pb年龄分别为258.4±4.1Ma、1841±34Ma、2487±12Ma,由辉长岩、辉石和磷灰石所构成的Sm-Nd等时线年龄为253±14Ma;碱性正长岩中锆石的U-Pb年龄为257.2±1.5Ma。结果表明,红格辉长岩中具有典型基性岩锆石特征的锆石U-Pb年龄(258Ma)与同一地质样品的Sm-Nd年龄(全岩+矿物内部等时线年龄),以及同一矿区的正长岩锆石U-Pb年龄在测定误差范围内一致。鉴于层状辉长岩和碱性正长岩在空间上密切共生,在形成时间上一致,可以认为它们都属于晚二叠世末岩浆活动的产物;而1841Ma和2487Ma的锆石,可能是在基性-超基性岩浆的上侵过程中,从基底所捕获的岩浆锆石和继承锆石,其年龄信息,揭示了康滇地轴岩浆岩带的下部或结晶基底存在元古代甚至新太古代末期的岩石或物质。     

Origin of Fe-Ti Oxide Ores in Mafic Intrusions: Evidence from the Panzhihua Intrusion, SW China

Economic concentrations of Fe–Ti oxides occur as massive,conformable lenses or layers in the lower part of the Panzhihuaintrusion, Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China. Mineralchemistry, textures and QUILF equilibria indicate that oxidesin rocks of the intrusion were subjected to extensive subsolidusre-equilibration and exsolution. The primary oxide, reconstructedfrom compositions of titanomagnetite in the ores and associatedintergrowths, is an aluminous titanomagnetite (Usp₄₀) with 40wt % FeO, 34 wt % Fe₂O₃, 16·5 wt % TiO₂, 5·3 wt% Al₂O₃, 3·5 wt % MgO and 0·5 wt % MnO. This compositionis similar to the bulk composition of the oxide ore, as inferredfrom whole-rock data. This similarity strongly suggests thatthe ores formed from accumulation of titanomagnetite crystals,not from immiscible oxide melt as proposed in earlier studies.The occurrence of oxide ores in the lower parts of the Panzhihuaintrusion is best explained by settling and sorting of densetitanomagnetite in the ferrogabbroic parental magma. This magmamust have crystallized Fe–Ti oxides relatively early andabundantly, and is likely to have been enriched in Fe and Tibut poor in SiO₂. These features are consistent with fractionationof mantle-derived melts under relatively high pressures (10kbar), followed by emplacement of the residual magma at 5 kbar.This study provides definitive field and geochemical evidencethat Fe–Ti oxide ores can form by accumulation in ferrogabbro.We suggest that many other massive Fe–Ti oxide depositsmay have formed in a similar fashion and that high concentrationsof phosphorus or carbon, or periodic fluctuation of fO₂ in themagma, are of secondary importance in ore formation. KEY WORDS: ELIP; Fe–Ti oxide ore; layered intrusion; Panzhihua; QUILF     

阳泉新景矿高煤级煤的孔隙结构分形特征

分形理论是宏观上定量评价储层非均质性的有效手段。以阳泉新景矿高煤级煤样品压汞数据为基础,建立分形几何模型,定量描述了孔隙结构。实验结果表明：样品孔隙以纳米孔为主,孔径、比表面积及孔容也集中分布在纳米孔段。煤样孔径65 nm以上的孔隙具有显著的分形特征,分维值分布范围为2.89~2.99,体积增量呈现阶段式的变化,孔隙结构复杂;孔径65 nm以下孔隙几乎无分形特征,比表面积增量与孔径在对数坐标中呈线性关系;基于分形特征及分子运动规律,将储层孔隙以孔径65 nm为界划分为扩散孔和渗透孔2个大类6个小类。分维值与体积孔隙中值半径、总孔隙体积呈负相关,与孔径65 nm以上的孔隙体积、比表面积呈正相关,与孔隙度无相关性。分形分维值对储层结构具有较全面的表征能力,可以作为综合指标在煤储层孔隙研究中加以应用。     

塔里木大火成岩省皮羌层状岩体的矿物结晶顺序和钒钛磁铁矿矿石成因探讨

距今约276 Ma的皮羌层状岩体位于塔里木板块西缘,是二叠纪塔里木大火成岩省的组成部分。岩体主要由辉长岩组成并赋存大型钒钛磁铁矿矿床。矿物结构和磁铁矿、钛铁矿和单斜辉石成分变化特征表明,矿物结晶顺序为单斜辉石+斜长石→磁铁矿+钛铁矿。磁铁矿中V2O3含量变化于0.49%~0.97%,说明岩浆演化过程氧逸度较低(相似文献   

Paleoproterozoic emplacement and Cambrian ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism of a layered magmatic intrusion from the Central Madurai Block,southern India: From Columbia to Gondwana

The Madurai Block in the Southern Granulite Terrane(SGT)of Peninsular India is one of the largest crustal blocks within the Neoproterozoic Gondwana assembly.This block is composed of three sub-blocks:the Neoarchean Northern Madurai block,Paleoproterozoic Central Madurai block and the dominantly Neoproterozoic Southern Madurai Block.The margins of these blocks are well-known for the occurrence of ultrahigh-temperature(UHT)granulite facies rocks mostly represented by Mg-Al metasediments.Here we report a dismembered layered mafic–ultramafic intrusion occurring in association with Mg-Al granulites from the classic locality of Ganguvarpatti in the Central Madurai Block.The major rock types of the layered intrusion include spinel orthopyroxenite,garnet-bearing gabbro,gabbro and gabbroic anorthosite showing rhythmic stratification and cumulate texture.The orthopyroxene-cordierite granulite from the associated Mg-Al layer is composed of spinel,cordierite and orthopyroxene.The pyroxene in both rock units is high-Al orthopyroxene formed under UHT metamorphic conditions.Conventional thermobarometry yields near-peak metamorphic conditions of 9.5–10 kbar pressure and a minimum temperature of 980℃.We computed P–T pseudosections and contoured for the compositional as well as modal isopleths of the major mineral phases,which yield temperature above 1000℃.FMAS petrogenetic grid,Al-in-orthopyroxene isopleth,conventional thermobarometry and calculated pseudosection reveal a clockwise pressure–temperature(P–T)path and near isothermal decompression.The U–Pb data on zircon grains from the layered magmatic suite indicate emplacement of the protolith at ca.2.0 Ga and the metamorphic overgrowths yield weighted ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U mean ages ca.520 Ma.Monazite from the garnet-bearing gabbro and Opx-Crd granulite yielded ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U weighted mean ages of ca.532 Ma and 523 Ma marking the timing of metamorphism.We correlate the layered intrusion to a Paleoproterozoic suprasubduction zone setting,defining the Ganguvarpatti area as part of a collisional suture assembling the Northern and Central Madurai Blocks.The Paleoproterozoic magmatism and late Neoproterozoic-Cambrian UHT metamorphism can be linked to the tectonics of the Columbia and Gondwana supercontinents.     

Crystal Growth and Crystallization Time Scales of the Panzhihua Layered Intrusion: Constraint from Crystal Size Distribution

The Panzhihua layered intrusions is generated closely related to the Emeishan LIPs. This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of plagioclase and pyroxene. The quantitative texture analysis of 2209 plagioclase shows that the characteristic length of plagioclase is 0.54 to 0.96 mm, the intercept variation range is large, from ?0.67 to 0.96, and the slope is ?1.85 to ?1.04, the Aspect Ratio shows from 1.84 to 2.59 and fractal dimension D is 1.908–1.933. The quantitative texture analysis of 2342 pyroxene shows that the characteristic length of pyroxene is 0.38–0.64 mm, the intercept shows from 0.46 to 2.26, The slope ranges from ?2.6 to ?1.47, the Aspect Ratio value varies from 1.53 to 1.71, the fractal dimension D is 0.93 to 1.13. All the CSDs results of the Panzhihua intrusions indicate that plagioclase and pyroxene form in an open magma system and undergo four replenishment of magma injection. The plagioclase crystals do not grow as the lathlike shape, and the fractal growth leads to complex crystal surface. The plagioclase undergoes deformation compaction during the crystal process, and then is oriented. The pyroxene crystals grow along an approximately triaxial ratio and undergo texture adjustment and small crystal dissolution reabsorption. When all crystals in magma system grows up to 2 mm, the pyroxene undergoes cumulation in the Panzhihua layered intrusions. The plagioclase crystallization time scale is 171.23–304.41 years, representing that the crystallization is the more uniform in central part of the melt. The nucleation density continuously increases during the crystallization process of the magma system. The time scale to reach the final maximum crystal nucleation density is 15.28–58.98 years.     

应力波作用下巷道层裂破坏的数值模拟研究

采用LS-DYNA软件,对扰动应力波作用下巷帮围岩层裂破坏结构的形成过程、扰动应力波强度pmax对层裂结构形成的影响进行了有效的数值模拟,得到了一定巷道围岩应力状态下巷帮围岩层裂结构的形状、厚度等特征。结果表明：扰动应力波是形成巷帮层裂结构,继而诱发冲击矿压的重要因素;扰动应力波的强度决定了是否形成巷帮层裂结构及其层裂结构的范围大小。研究结果对揭示煤矿冲击矿压的诱发机理,及采取有效地防治技术具有重要意义     

滇西北金沙江古特提斯洋早期演化时限及其性质:东竹林层状辉长岩锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素约束

滇西北金沙江蛇绿岩带是古特提斯最重要的缝合带记录之一,本文对该带内的东竹林层状辉长岩进行了年代学、岩石地球化学及锆石Hf同位素研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示东竹林层状辉长岩形成于354±3Ma,表明金沙江古特提斯洋在早石炭世已扩张形成洋壳,暗示其裂解时期应为更早的泥盆纪。单颗粒锆石原位Hf同位素分析得到东竹林层状辉长岩锆石ε_Hf(t)=10.3～12.6,平均值为11.5,明显低于结晶时亏损地幔值;单阶段亏损地幔Hf模式年龄t_DM1为478～576Ma,平均值为523Ma,明显大于成岩年龄354Ma。锆石Hf同位素结果显示金沙江古特提斯洋地幔受到了富集组分的影响。岩石微量元素特征显示富集组分可能来自特提斯连续演化过程中早期的俯冲作用带入的壳源物质。结合区域演化特征,认为金沙江古特提斯洋是在弧后盆地基础上发展起来的洋盆,它不能构成古特提斯的主大洋,而是古特提斯洋的一个重要分支,分隔着中咱-中甸地块与昌都-思茅地块。     

致密气储层孔喉分形特征及其与渗流的关系--以鄂尔多斯盆地下石盒子组盒8段为例

选取鄂尔多斯盆地盒8段16块致密砂岩样品进行恒速压汞测试,结合同位样品核磁共振实验,分析了致密气储层孔喉分布特征;在此基础上,运用分形几何原理和方法,开展了致密气储层孔喉分形研究,并表征了分形与储层渗流特征和孔隙结构参数的关系。结果表明:致密气储层有效孔隙被亚微米-微米级孔喉所控制,其中孔隙主要为大孔和中孔,喉道由微喉道、微细喉道和细喉道所组成;致密气储层孔隙分布不具分形特征,而孔喉整体和喉道则符合分形结构,且分别对应分形维数D₁和D₂;基于储层孔喉分形结构与其渗流特征,将盒8段致密气储层孔喉分形结构划分为2种类型:Ⅰ型表现为阶段式分形特征,以进汞压力1 MPa为界,大于1 MPa孔喉具有分形特征,且储层阶段进汞饱和度主要由喉道贡献,反之,孔喉不符合分形特征,其进汞饱和度增量由孔隙贡献;Ⅱ型为整体式分形,进汞饱和度几乎全由喉道贡献。储层孔喉分形维数与渗透率、平均喉道半径和主流喉道半径存在较好的负相关性,与微观非均质系数呈现较明显的正相关性,而与孔隙度、平均孔隙半径和平均孔喉半径比之间没有明显的相关性。