南流江出海口海上工程地质钻探施工方法

海上及海上滩涂钻探都必须借助于钻探船才能施工。钻探船的选择、钻探船的拼装、钻探船的抛锚定位、钻探施工的孔口装置等对海上钻探的安全施工关系极大,本人对上述几个方面进行较详细的介绍和探讨,可供同行进行江、河、湖、海等水域进行钻探时借鉴。南流江出海口海上工程地质钻探施工是成功的，取得了较好的经济和社会效益。     

伊春地区岩心钻探冬季施工技术

近年来,由于岩心钻探工作量的增加,高寒地区的岩心钻探施工也改变了“五一”出队,“十一”收队的老传统,冬季施工已逐步增加。但在高寒地区,冬季施工的难度巨大,对设备、工艺的考验尤为突出。本文以伊春地热钻探工程YCDR－井为例,旨在为高寒地区的岩心钻探冬季施工提供借鉴。     

浅谈工程地质勘查中钻探信息对钻探方法选择的影响

通过对工程勘察钻探工作的实践和了解,论述了工程地质钻探的技术原理、并通过合理分析钻探信息选择钻探方法在勘察中的应用,展示了在不同地层,根据钻探信息选用不同钻探方法的优缺点.     

金刚石钻头使用中的"分组"与"排队"

为了更好地避免采取岩心的直径变大、孔径变小、新钻头下不到孔底和新钻头在下钻过程中卡钻等钻探安全质量事故的发生,减少钻探施工中新钻头初次下孔过程中扩孔的麻烦,通过长时间在钻探过程中的摸索与试验,我们总结提出了一套在钻探工作中比较实用的金刚石钻头“分组“与“排队“的方法。通过在钻探过程的实际运用,这套方法能有效地避免了前述钻探事故的发生,对提高钻探质量,保证钻探安全,减少单孔金刚石钻头的消耗量和提高钻探经济效益指标等都起到了良好的作用。     

湖南株洲湾塘地区地热勘查定井探讨

基岩山区地热形成必须具备"储、盖、通、源、滞"五大基本要素,以湖南株洲湾塘地区地热成因为例,说明怎样利用地热勘查手段来分析论证株洲湾塘地区地热形成的五大要素,建立热储概念模型,确定地热井位置。为提高地热钻探成井率,在基岩山区钻探施工时,建议使用气举反循环清水钻进工艺。     

浅海水域工程地质钻探方法和技术措施

文章结合工程实例，介绍了海域勘察项目钻探施工的工艺技术以及一些技术难题的解决办法，并总结出一套较实用、经济和安全的海上钻探方法和技术措施。     

环境钻探技术的探索与实践

环境钻探是指专门为地球环境研究工作服务的钻探技术手段,它的主要任务是在典型的湖泊相沉积盆地内,采用钻探手段获取完整的、连续的、无污染和无扰动的近似原状岩芯标本.环境钻探工作虽然技术要求很高,施工难度很大,但只要把握关键技术环节,认真处理好各项技术细节,是能够做好这一工作的.本文对环境钻探的技术实践进行了探索,值得借鉴.     

泵吸反循环钻进工艺在松散地层水井钻探中的应用

北海市第四系北海组和湛江松散松软地层找水成井,采用泵吸反循环钻进工艺施工。循环水池大小和循环通道,孔口护筒的埋设,护壁措施,全面钻头结构,钻进参数的控制等对泵吸反循环钻进工艺在松散、松软地层水井钻探施工关系极大。笔者对上述几个方面进行了较详细介绍和探讨,可供同行借鉴。实践证明,这种钻进方法是施工速度快、可准确判层。成井质量好、成本低、工作条件好。特别是适合在松散、松软地层中成井钻探。     

“地壳一号”钻机完成井架起升

近日,用于松辽盆地资源与环境科学钻探工程（以下简称松科二井）施工的“地壳一号”万米科学钻探钻机顺利完成了井架起升。     

浅谈对使用中的钻探设备进行维修保养的重要性

钻探是地质勘探工作的重要手段之一,钻探设备是钻探工程施工的主要物质基础,在钻探工作中起着举足轻重的作用。     

工程物探在S244省道K9+500～K10+100采空区的应用

山东省S244省道K9+500～K10+100段存在较严重的采空塌陷隐患,如何准确查清采空区的空间分布特征,对于道路的安全运营非常重要。根据以往类似工程经验,采用单一的物探方法,在准确探测采空塌陷形状、埋深等空间分布特征时存在较大难度,工程钻探可以比较直观的揭露采空塌陷的情况,但需要施工大量钻孔,在经济、时间等方面不可取,综合采用多种物探方法是一种准确有效的工作方法。以该工程为例,通过采用浅层地震反射波法和高密度电阻率法等工程物探方法,准确查明了该路段采空区空间分布特征,并通过比较直观的工程钻探对上述方法进行验证,效果良好。     

Study on drilling mechanism and optimization of percussion-extruding DTH hammer bit

The authors tested the percussion-extruding Down-the-hole(DTH)hammer bit with five different structures and mainly analyzed the drilling mechanism between conical bit and stepped bit. In addition, aiming at "the pile effect" in combination with the advantage of stepped bit, we design a new cam spinning bit and test it outdoors. The result shows that using cam spinning bit can solve the problem of "the pile effect", which can also obtain higher drilling efficiency than using conical bit in high confining pressure strata. It is characterized by novel structure and high drilling speed as well as good guiding, and it is significant for improving efficiency in percussion-extruding drilling technique.     

FGC-15D large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system and its application in offshore rock-socketed pile hole drilling

In the past two decades, numerous large-diameter rock-socketed piles were constructed in China to support foundations of skyscrapers, great bridges or to retain soil in potential geological hazard areas. However, drilling large-diameter rock-socketed pile holes with conventional drilling method such as rotary drilling or cable tool drilling is time-consuming and the cost is usually very high. In order to drill large-diameter rock-socketed pile holes faster at relatively low cost, the FGC15A large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system was developed in 1987 and was given the second-class award by Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources in 1991. Since it was innovated the drilling system has been used in more than twenty important and tough projects on land, and wonderful results were acquired. At the same time the large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system was improved continuously. The FGC15D is the latest version of the technique.     

高密度电阻率法在山东泰安地区抗旱打井工程中的应用

山东省泰安地区地下水类型主要为松散类孔隙水、变质岩火成岩裂隙水及碳酸岩裂隙岩溶水三大类。通过分析不同水文构造单元地质特征,采取不同的物探方法,测量岩石的电阻率差异分析推断其富水性,研究确定富水层位并通过钻探工程验证实现地质找水。在2010—2011年山东泰安地区抗旱打井工程中,利用高密度电阻率法在解决地质找水方面取得了重要成果。     

波阻抗约束反演技术探测煤厚方法初探

现代化矿井生产技术日新月异,尤其对煤层厚度的探明程度要求越来越高。综合利用地质钻探和测井等资料,与地震资料有机结合而产生的具有高分辨率的新方法,发挥了钻探、测井和地震勘探技术各自的优势,实现了不同技术之间取长补短并提取地震属性参数,通过波阻抗约束反演可获得煤层厚度参数,达到对煤层厚度进行预测的目的。     

Research and development on foam breaking and recycling technology in air-foam drilling

In recent years, air-foam combining the advantages of both liquid and air drilling has been utilized as a drilling medium. Air-foam drilling has proved its efficiency in numerous situations where serious problems were encountered, such as in fractured formations and depleted or high permeable zones. However, the major disadvantage of air-foam drilling system is that the foam can only be used once, so that an extremely large pit is required to contain the foam to allow sufficient room for cuttings and for the foam to dissipate. Moreover, it needs enormous volume prepared, consuming abundance of water and ingredient additives, which results in the high cost of foam drilling. The recycling foam fluid by using foam breaking technology is the only effective method to solve these problems associated with the known foam drilling. Various types of equipment and technique have been employed to suppress foam formation in biological and process equipment in foam drilling. The study described various methods of foam breaking technology, and the trend of the foam breaking technology for foam drilling is discussed.     

Research and development on foam breaking and recycling technology in air-foam drilling

In recent years, air-foam combining the advantages of both liquid and air drilling has been utilized as a drilling medium. Air-foam drilling has proved its efficiency in numerous situations where serious problems were encountered, such as in fractured formations and depleted or high permeable zones. However, the major disadvantage of air-foam drilling system is that the foam can only be used once, so that an extremely large pit is required to contain the foam to allow sufficient room for cuttings and for the foam to dissipate. Moreover, it needs enormous volume prepared, consuming abundance of water and ingredient additives, which results in the high cost of foam drilling. The recycling foam fluid by using foam breaking technology is the only effective method to solve these problems associated with the known foam drilling. Various types of equipment and technique have been employed to suppress foam formation in biological and process equipment in foam drilling. The study described various methods of foam breaking technology, and the trend of the foam breaking technology for foam drilling is discussed.     

Analysis of effects of operating parameters on rate of penetration in drilling process with air down-the-hole hammer

Air down-the-hole(DTH)hammer drilling has long been recognized to have the potential of drilling faster than conventional rotary drill,especially in some hard rocks such as granite,sandstone,limestone,dolomite,etc.with the same weight on bit(WOB)and rotations per minute(RPM).So,it has been widely used in many drilling fields including mineral resource exploration drilling,oil and gas drilling and geothermal drilling.In order to reduce drilling cost by selecting optimal drilling parameters,rate of penetration(ROP)should be estimated accurately and the effects of different factors on ROP should be analyzed.In this research,ANN model with several multi-layer perception back propagation(BP)networks for predicting ROP of air DTH hammer drilling was developed using controllable parameters such as impact energy,impact frequency,WOB,RPM and bit operating time for the formations with a certain drillability index of rock.Several BP neural networks with the different neurons in hidden layers were developed and compared for selecting optimal architecture of ANN.The effects of the drilling parameters such as impact energy,impacting frequency,WOB,RPM and bit operating time on the ROP of air DTH hammer drilling were investigated by trained ANN.From the analyses,the optimum range of drilling parameters for providing high ROP were determined and analyzed for a formation with a certain drillability index of rock.The methodology proposed in this study can be used in many mathematical problems for optimization of drilling process with air DTH hammer.     

Application on drilling parameter monitor in drilling engineering monitoring

The drilling parameter monitor is an important tool in drilling engineering applied to monitoring drilling process, carrying out scientific analysis and decision-making. Based on discussing the present development situation of the domestic and foreign drilling machine parameter monitors, the metering scheme for vehicle-loaded drilling parameter monitor was designed. By using detection system for MSP430 single-chip microcomputer (SCM) in combination with peripheral circuit such as sensors, the drilling-rig control system was obtained to detect, and for every parameter in real-time display in order to keep operating the drilling rig status. The experiment shows that the drilling parameter monitor reaches design requirements and can be applied to drilling engineering monitoring, which has characters such as simple structure, high credibility and low cost.     

Research on drilling parameters of engine-powered auger ice drill

Drilling operations in polar regions and mountainous areas are complicated by nature of the extreme environment. Yet conventional rotary drilling technologies can be used to drill ice for scientific samples and other research. Due to such reasons as power consumption and weight complications,it is hard to apply a conventional rotary drilling rig for glacial exploration. Use of small,relatively lightweight,portable engine-powered drilling systems in which the drill lifting from the borehole is carried by the winch. It is reasonable enough for near-surface shallow ice-drilling down to 50 m. Such systems can be used for near-surface ablation-stakes installation,also temperature measurements at the bottom of active strata layer,revealing of anthropogenic pollution,etc. The specified used in this research is an auger ice drill powered by a gasoline engine. At this stage,it is crucial to choose effective drilling parameters such as weight on bit( WOB) and drill bit rotation rate. Sensors equipped on the rig have measured the main parameters of the drilling process,such as drill speed,WOB,drill rotation speed,torque and temperature. This paper addresses research on drilling parameters of engine powered auger ice drill and supplies some recommendations for optimization of any ice-core drilling process.