鱼类耳石研究综述

耳石存是在于硬骨鱼类内耳 ( inner ear)的膜迷路 ( membrane labyrinth)内 ,主要由碳酸钙构成 ,起平衡和听觉作用的硬组织 ,内耳的椭圆囊 ( utriculus)、球囊 ( Sacculus)和听壶 ( lagena)中分别具有微耳石 ( lapillus)、矢耳石 ( sagittae)和星耳石 ( asteriscus)各一对。人们很早就发现耳石上存在年龄环 ,所以 ,与鳞片与骨组织一样 ,耳石常被用来确定鱼类的年龄。Pannella发现耳石上日轮的存在以来 [1] ,耳石日轮生长的研究成为国际鱼类生物学研究的新兴领域。随着研究手段的进步 ,人们进一步作了耳石的显微结构、微化学结构等其它方面…     

南海北部海域中国枪乌贼耳石的形态学分析

2015年在南海北部海域采集中国枪乌贼样本102尾,测定个体以及耳石形态学参数,利用主成分分析法获得中国枪乌贼耳石主要形态特征参数,分析耳石特征参数与胴长(ML)、性成熟等的关系,建立主要形态参数与胴长和体质量的关系模型。结果表明,长度参数耳石总长(TSL)、吻区游离端长(RL)和宽度参数最大宽度(MW)、翼区宽(WW)可代表中国枪乌贼耳石的形态特征;TSL、RL与ML之间以线性模型为最佳,WW、MW与ML之间以幂函数模型为最佳;TSL、RL、WW、MW与体质量之间以线性模型为最适;性成熟对耳石形态参数特征MW/TSL影响无统计学意义(P0.05)。     

Age and Growth Characteristics of Crimson Sea Bream Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu Gulf

Age and growth characteristics of crimson sea bream Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu Gulf were studied through bot-tom trawling and gillnet fleets fishing from July 2006 to December 2007.A total number of 1155 individuals,ranging from 49 to 249mmin standard length was examined.The age of the fish was determined from sagittal otoliths.One year growth was made up of onetranslucent and one opaque zone.A maximum likelihood estimation procedure was used to fit the Von Bertalanffy,Logistic andGompertz growth functions to the length-at-age data.ARSS indicated that there were no significant differences in growth betweensexes in the three growth models (P>0.05),and the Von Bertalanffy growth function L<,t>=292.8{1-exp[-0.167(t 1.116)]} was se-lected as the most appropriate growth model according to Akaike's information criterion (AIC).     

Age and Growth of Chub Mackerel （Scomberjaponicus） in the East China and Yellow Seas Using Sectioned Otolith Samples

Although chub mackerel (Scomberjaponicus) is a primary pelagic fish species,we have only limited knowledge on itskey life history processes.The present work studied the age and growth of chub mackerel in the East China and Yellow Seas.Agewas determined by interpreting and counting growth rings on the sagitta otoliths of 252 adult fish caught by the Chinese commercialpurse seine fleet during the period from November 2006 to January 2007 and 150 juveniles from bottom trawl surveys on the spawn-ing ground in May 2006.The difference between the assumed birth date of 1 st April and date of capture was used to adjust the agedetermined from counting the number of complete translucent rings.The parameters of three commonly used growth models,the vonBertalanffy,Logistic and Gompertz models,were estimated using the maximum likelihood method.Based on the Akaike InformationCriterion (AIC),the von Bertalanffy growth model was found to be the most appropriate model.The size-at-age and size-at-maturityvalues were also found to decrease greatly compared with the results achieved in the 1950s,which was caused by heavy exploitationover the last few decades.     

Using otolith weight to predict the age of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pennahia macrocephalus</Emphasis> in the mouth of the Beibu Gulf

The relation between otolith weight (OW) and the age of marine fish is studied. A total of 222 individuals of bighead white croaker, Pennahia macrocephalus were sampled seasonally in the mouth of the Beibu Gulf, the South China Sea, in 2007. Since there are no significant differences in sagittal OW between otolith in pairs (P≥0.05), the undamaged left sagittal otolith is used for age determination. The highest correlations among standard length, OW and fish ages are confirmed by linear, exponential and multinomial regression. Results show that sagittal OW overlaps only occasionally among age groups, and to individuals with similar standard length, the older and slower-growing fish has a heavier otolith because of the continued otolith material deposition. There are differences in sagittal OW among different age groups and significant positive linear relationship with age (P<0.05). The age readings can be verified by plotting the sagittal OW versus the standard length for age groups, and the individuals with similar standard length but in different ages can be separated by sagittal OW frequency analysis. Mostly, the predicted ages using the regression between sagittal OW and ages are closed to the observed ages by counting annulus on scale. It indicates that the sagittal OW analysis is a useful technique for validating the accuracy of age determination by annuli counts, especially for individuals of similar size. Furthermore, the technique is applied for Pennahia macrocephalus with discussion in this paper. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771653) and Bureau of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture     

智利外海茎柔鱼耳石生长特性的性别差异研究

根据2007年1~6月和2008年1~5月我国鱿钓船在智利外海调查期间采集的茎柔鱼耳石样本,测量了503枚耳石外部形态参数(雌性348枚,雄性155枚),结合耳石日轮,对耳石生长特性的性别差异进行了研究.结果表明,耳石总长(TSL)、耳石半径(SR)、吻侧区长(RLL)、翼长(WL)及最大宽度(MW)可作为茎柔鱼耳石形态的表征参数.雌雄个体间耳石的生长在5个形态参数上均存在显著性差异,雌性个体 TSL 与日龄间关系最适为指数函数, SR 和 RLL 为幂函数, MW 和 WL 则为线性函数;雄性个体的 TSL、SR 和 RLL 与日龄间的关系最适为幂函数, MW 和 WL 为线性函数.雌性个体 TSL、SR、MW、RLL、WL 的相对生长率和SR、RLL 绝对生长率均随着日龄的增加而先增加后减小, TSL、MW 绝对生长率随着日龄的增加而增加,WL绝对生长率则随着日龄增加而呈现波动趋势;雄性个体 TSL、SR 相对生长率和 MW、RLL、WL 绝对生长率随着日龄增加先增加后减小,而 MW、RLL 和 WL 相对生长率和 TSL、SR 绝对生长率则随日龄增加呈现波动趋势.研究认为,茎柔鱼耳石生长存在性别差异,通常雌性生长较雄性快     

基于耳石形态特征的南海鸢乌贼群体判别分析

【目的】通过耳石形态参数对南海鸢乌贼(Sthenoeuthisoualaniensis)不同群体进行判别。【方法】采用2012年4月-2013年1月采自南海南沙群岛、东沙群岛和中沙西沙群岛周边海域灯光罩网渔获的268尾鸢乌贼耳石样本(雌性166尾、雄性102尾),通过耳石总长(TSL)、最大宽度(MW)、侧区长(LDL)、背侧区长(DLL)、吻侧区长(RLL)、吻区长(RL)、吻区宽(RW)、翼区长(WL)和翼区宽(WW)9个形态参数进行主成分分析,采用不同校正方法判别分析3个不同海域和3个不同体型群体的耳石差异性。【结果】统计并分析鸢乌贼耳石形态参数可知,南海鸢乌贼耳石具有翼区宽大、侧区次之、背区稍小、吻区长窄的形态特征。主成分分析表明,鸢乌贼的耳石长度参数TSL、LDL、DLL、WL和宽度参数MW可代替9项形态参数来描述耳石的形态特征;函数拟合结果,5项表征与鸢乌贼胴长有较强的线性函数关系。判别分析表明,比值校正法对3个地理群体判别中具有较好稳定性,总体成功率为60.4%;中沙西沙群体和微型群体的耳石形态在判别中有较好的区分度。【结论】不同群体的南海鸢乌贼耳石形态特征具有较大差异性,中、西沙群体和微型群体与其他群体存在较高的区分度。     

红鳍笛鲷和紫红笛鲷种类和群体的矢耳石地标点法识别

【目的】探讨矢耳石地标法在笛鲷种内及种间中的判别作用。【方法】利用2017年购自广西北海、海南文昌、广东阳江的87尾红鳍笛鲷(Lutjanus erythropterus)和76尾紫红笛鲷(Lutjanus argentimaculatus)成鱼的矢耳石样本,基于地标点法分析耳石的形态差异,运用判别分析检验耳石形态差异在2种笛鲷的种间和同种不同群体间的判别功效。【结果】位于听沟前中部交叉点的两个地标点10、11贡献较大,解释了耳石形态变异的64.88%～65.85%,表明两种笛鲷耳石形态的种间差异和种内群体差异主要集中于听沟前中部。基于耳石形态的地标点方法对2种笛鲷的种间判别成功率为97.4%和100.0%;红鳍笛鲷和紫红笛鲷的种内不同群体判别成功率分别为85.7%、83.3%、80.0%和94.1%、78.1%、81.5%。【结论】矢耳石地标点法可作为2种笛鲷种间和种内判别的有效工具。     

Application of otolith shape analysis for stock discrimination and species identification of five goby species （Perciformes： Gobiidae） in the northern Chinese coastal waters

We tested the use of otolith shape analysis to discriminate between species and stocks of five goby species( Ctenotrypauchen chinensis, Odontamblyopus lacepedii, Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, Chaeturichthys stigmatias, and Acanthogobius hasta) found in northern Chinese coastal waters. The five species were well differentiated with high overall classification success using shape indices(83.7%), elliptic Fourier coefficients(98.6%), or the combination of both methods(94.9%). However, shape analysis alone was only moderately successful at discriminating among the four stocks(Liaodong Bay, LD; Bohai Bay, BH; Huanghe(Yellow) River estuary HRE, and Jiaozhou Bay, JZ stocks) of A. hasta(50%–54%) and C. stigmatias(65.7%–75.8%). For these two species, shape analysis was moderately successful at discriminating the HRE or JZ stocks from other stocks, but failed to effectively identify the LD and BH stocks. A large number of otoliths were misclassified between the HRE and JZ stocks, which are geographically well separated. The classification success for stock discrimination was higher using elliptic Fourier coefficients alone(70.2%) or in combination with shape indices(75.8%) than using only shape indices(65.7%) in C. stigmatias whereas there was little difference among the three methods for A. hasta. Our results supported the common belief that otolith shape analysis is generally more effective for interspecific identification than intraspecific discrimination. Moreover, compared with shape indices analysis, Fourier analysis improves classification success during inter- and intra-species discrimination by otolith shape analysis, although this did not necessarily always occur in all fish species.     

Use of Otolith Shape for the Identification of Trumpeter Sillago （Sillago maculata） and Silver Sillago （Sillago sihama）

Otolith shape is species-specific in fish. In this study, 161 samples of Trumpeter sillago Sillago maculata and 164 of Silver sillago Sillago sihama were collected from Beibu Gulf in July 2009. The main objective of this study was to use morphological variables and Fourier harmonics to describe otolith characteristics and use discriminant analyses to separate the two species. Otoliths were measured by traditional one and two dimensional measures(otolith length, width, diameters, area, perimeter, rectangularity and circularity), as well as by Fourier analysis to capture the finer regions of the otolith. Analysis of covariance(ANCOVA)showed that there was significant correlation between morphological variables(diameter, perimeter, otolith length, otolith width, otolith area, density, harmonics 3, harmonics 4, harmonics 5, harmonics 13, harmonics 15, and harmonics 16)and body length. To minimize size effects on the morphological variables between species, only fish with a body length between 90 and 140 mm were included in the data analysis and the variables which had significant relation with body length were transformed using the residual. The result showed that the accuracy of discriminant analysis was 97. 8% and 100% for Trumpeter sillago and Silver sillago, respectively. This high accuracy indicated that otolith shape was described accurately by morphological variables and Fourier harmonics, and discriminant analysis was an effective way to identify and separate the two species.