常态化地理国情监测工作内容的几点认识

地理国情监测已转入常态化开展,但对常态化下地理国情监测的工作内容还需进一步认识与研究。本文概括描述了基础性地理国情监测与专题性地理国情监测的内容,结合相关学者的研究与已开展的项目,提出了基础性地理国情监测与专题性地理国情监测的分类,并分析了正在制定的相关标准,给出了地理国情监测的标准框架与标准需求。     

基础性地理国情监测生产实践与应用思考

从2016年起地理国情信息获取进入常态化监测阶段,基础性地理国情监测是采用与第一次全国地理国情普查相一致的内容体系,面向通用目标、综合考虑多种需求而进行的常态化监测。宁夏4家测绘单位承担了宁夏部分区域的基础性地理国情监测任务,通过介绍宁夏任务区2017年基础性地理国情监测的生产实践经验,从中总结经验,为今后开展常态化地理国情监测提供参考依据,并对未来地理国情监测的应用提出了建议。     

重庆市地理国情监测管理体系框架初探

随着地理国情监测工作的常态化推进,需要对监测的源头、方法、过程和成果进行监督管理,以保障监测成果的公正性,提高地理国情监测的权威性。本文在地理国情监测工作基础上,从工作保障体系和技术支撑体系两个方面展开,探讨重庆市地理国情监测管理体系框架,旨在指导重庆市地理国情监测工作顺利、高效开展。     

基础性地理国情监测内业成果质量控制方法

地理国情监测是全面了解国情、把握国事、制定国策的基础性工作。基于2018年度基础性地理国情监测项目,结合基础性地理国情监测的生产实际,探讨了基础性地理国情监测中的地表覆盖分类和地理国情要素成果的质量控制方法,针对生产中出现的典型质量问题提出了应对策略,为常态化基础性地理国情监测项目提供了技术支撑。     

浅析地理国情监测“四进”制度建设

完善的制度与成熟的业务体系是地理国情监测常态化开展的两个必备条件,为此,推进地理国情监测"进法律""进规划""进预算""进职责",建立常态化监测的保障机制十分必要。本文总结了地理国情监测"四进"建设发展现状,探讨分析了目前存在的不足与问题,提出相关建议,以促进常态化地理国情监测顺利开展。     

地理国情监测报告编写与更新初探索

地理国情监测是从地理空间的角度掌握我国国情国力的一种方式,地理国情监测报告是通过文字、表格、图件等形式反映地理国情监测数据成果,为科学管理决策提供更直观和可靠的依据.地理国情监测报告根据所表达的要素对象分为基础性和专题性两类,从地理国情监测报告编写的内容结构设计及常态化监测下报告内容如何快速更新等方面进行探索,总结出适合于地理国情监测报告编写的技术流程,为后期常态化监测开展时监测报告部分的编写工作提供借鉴作用.     

关于常态化地理国情监测的思考

常态化地理国情监测主要包括基础性地理国情监测和专题性地理国情监测两大方面。从常态化地理国情监测的目标出发,提出通过建立空天地众源动态观测网络,实现众源数据动态获取和观测,开展基础性、专题性地理国情监测,建成地理国情信息时空数据库,在其基础上开展时空分析与数据挖掘,进行网络化地理国情信息发布与服务,形成地理国情监测技术支撑体系和体制机制。     

北京市地理国情监测外业调查与核查技术探讨

外业调查与核查是获取地理国情信息的重要手段,可帮助内业解译,更好地完成工作。本文介绍了北京市地理国情监测外业调查与核查工作的具体内容,从北京市实际需求出发,研究制定了一套面向北京市的地理国情监测外业调查与核查的技术方案,保证了北京市国家基础性监测和市情专题性监测的合理有效开展,为今后地理国情常态化监测外业工作的实施提供一定的技术参考。     

地理国情监测数据接边检查方法

全国地理国情监测工作每年实施,已成为常态化的国情国力监测工作,对监测数据的质量要求逐年提高.以2020年地理国情监测生产项目为依托,提出了基于图论的地理国情数据接边算法,并通过编写程序实现了自动接边检查.经验证,该方法在准确率和效率方面具有优势,能够提高地理国情监测项目的生产效率,保证地理国情监测数据的质量,具有一定的推广和应用价值.     

社会人文地理国情监测体系初探——以汶川地震核心灾区为例

地理国情监测是当前我国测绘地理信息服务的重要工作,本文以汶川地震核心灾区社会人文地理国情监测为例,通过分析总结,初步提出了社会人文地理国情监测体系,并从概念体系、标准体系、方法体系和成果体系四个方面阐述了体系的架构和主要内容,为地理国情监测工作走向业务化、规范化和常态化提供一定的理论支持。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。