基于SINS／GPS的无人机组合导航系统建模与仿真

根据无人机的飞行特点以及SINS(捷联惯导)和GPS(全球定位系统)的优缺点,利用轨迹发生器设计无人机的飞行轨迹,建立基于SINS/GPS的无人机组合导航系统,依据卡尔曼滤波的相关原理对系统进行数学建模和计算仿真,验证无人机SINS/GPS组合导航系统的可靠性。     

基于GPS软件接收机的SINS／GPS紧组合系统仿真

为了系统验证SINS／GPS紧组合系统的性能,基于GPS软件接收机,进行了仿真系统构建。仿真系统由轨迹发生器、GPS中频信号模拟器、IMU信号模拟器、GPS软件接收机、SINS导航解算模块、组合滤波算法和导航性能分析模块等部分构成,其中详细设计了GPS软件接收机中的捕获和跟踪算法、SINS解算以及基于伪距和伪距率的组合滤波算法。仿真结果表明：紧组合导航系统收敛性较好,能够一定程度上抑制惯导系统误差的积累,有较好的导航性能。设计的该系统满足紧组合导航系统性能验证的需要,也为后续的超紧组合研究奠定了良好的基础。     

GPS辅助激光陀螺捷联惯导系统动基座对准实验研究

对GPS辅助下的激光陀螺捷联惯导系统的动基座初始对准进行了实验研究。首先给出了车载SINS／GPS组合导航系统误差模型，然后利用Kalman滤波器对SINS和GPS的车载动基座实际测量数据进行了离线的半实物仿真。仿真结果表明，动基座对准能够在10分钟以内快速实现，但是达到的对准精度与静基座对准相比稍差。     

基于几何模型的惯性辅助PPP周跳修复与快速重新收敛

在复杂观测环境下,GNSS信号容易发生周跳和失锁现象,导致精密单点定位技术（PPP）模糊度重新初始化,影响定位精度及可靠性。本文基于PPP／SINS紧组合,提出了利用短时间内惯导递推的高精度位置信息辅助PPP周跳修复的几何模型。该模型采用原始观测值建立历元间差分方程,将周跳作为参数进行估计,而惯导提供的高精度位置作为带权的虚拟观测值参与平差解算,在固定周跳整数值后修复相位观测值,从而保持高精度的连续定位。以车载和机载两组数据分析了该方法的有效性,结果表明,引入惯性辅助能够显著加快PPP定位的重新收敛,实现周跳的准确修复。      

GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位模型及结果分析

在GPS和GLONASS观测方程中考虑硬件延迟偏差的基础上,推导了GPS/GLONASS双系统组合精密单点定位的数学模型,并分析了硬件延迟偏差对估计的未知参数的影响。利用IGS跟踪站的观测数据和动态实验数据,对组合GPS/GLONASS精密单点定位模型进行了试算,并与GPS单系统精密单点定位的结果进行了比较。     

基于精密单点定位的双星导航精度与稳定性研究

采用精密单点定位(PPP)的方法,分别进行静态实验和动态实验,对重庆主城地区的BDS与GPS定位的精度进行研究,发现BDS系统的可视卫星数量明显多于GPS系统,但在稳定性上稍稍弱于GPS,对比BDS卫星导航定位系统、GPS卫星导航定位系统以及BDS/GPS组合定位的精度及时效性,得出了BDS/GPS组合定位精度更高且时效性更好的结论.     

双源组合导航系统关键算法研究

针对基于伪距、伪距率的北斗/捷联惯导组合导航系统开展了前期的理论研究,介绍了卫星/惯导组合导航系统中松组合、紧组合和超紧组合的基本原理,并建立了以伪距、伪距率为观测量的北斗/捷联惯导组合导航系统的状态方程和量测方程,设计了卡尔曼滤波参数,仿真验证了基于伪距、伪距率的组合导航系统能够有效的抑制捷联惯导系统的位置和速度误差随时间发散的特性,取得了良好的效果。仿真结果显示,北斗/捷联惯导组合导航系统失准角误差优于0.03°,东方向和北方向的位置误差和速度误差分别优于10m和1m/s。     

GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位研究

讨论了GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位的数学模型,并以IRKJ跟踪站的观测数据为例,分别利用GPS和GPS/GLONASS组合两种方式进行精密单点定位解算。计算结果表明,当GPS观测卫星数较多(9~10颗)时,组合GPS/GLONASS较单系统GPS的精密单点定位精度及收敛速度有一定改善,但效果不明显。当GPS卫星数较少(4~5颗)时,引入GLONASS卫星进行GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位,其定位精度及收敛速度较单系统GPS精密单点均有显著改善。     

多GNSS精密单点定位性能分析

在实现BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位的基础上,模拟多种遮挡环境;利用3个MGEX测站的数据进行三系统组合PPP试验;并在可见卫星数、PDOP值、定位精度、收敛时间和定位可用性等方面与GPS单系统PPP进行了比较分析。结果表明:在亚太地区,相比于GPS单系统PPP,三系统组合PPP可见卫星数增加了2~3倍,PDOP值显著减小。动态试验中,在无遮挡环境下,三系统组合PPP相较于GPS PPP收敛时间更短,且收敛后定位精度更高;在遮挡环境下,GPS PPP性能急剧下降,三系统组合PPP较好的保证了定位精度,提高了系统定位可用性。     

BDS/GNSS融合精密单点定位性能分析

随着北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)的全球组网成功,基于BDS的应用研究正在如火如荼的进行中,尤其是包括BDS在内的多频多模融合定位正成为研究的重点. 利用MGEX (Multi-GNSS Experiment)多个测站的BDS、GPS、GLONASS、Galileo观测数据,基于RTKLIB开源代码,在Visual Studio 2017平台上进行了BDS/GPS、BDS/GLONASS、BDS/Galileo三种组合系统的精密单点定位(PPP)实验,从静态PPP、动态PPP、可见卫星数、精度衰减因子(DOP)等方面对比分析了三种组合系统的定位性能. 实验结果表明:BDS/GPS组合系统的可见卫星数最多,各DOP值最小,静态PPP收敛后三个方向的精度优于6 cm. 不论是静态PPP还是动态PPP,其定位性能都最好;BDS/GLONASS、BDS/Galileo组合系统动态PPP的定位抖动较大,可见卫星数都要小于BDS/GPS组合系统,收敛时间较长,两者的动态PPP定位性能也差于BDS/GPS组合系统.      

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。