Illustrator环境下的自动地图制图方法

针对现有通用制图方法很难做到自动化程度高与地图表达效果好两者兼备的不足,该文提出一种在Adobe Illustrator环境下的自动地图制图方法。该方法通过二次开发解决地理模型到制图模型转换过程中的信息损失问题,实现了GIS数据到制图软件的无损转换,基于此实现了符号与注记的自动配置及要素关系的自动处理。结果表明:通过该方法生产地图,整体上不仅能够得到较好的制图表达效果,还大大提高了地图制图效率,局部上该方法实现了数据的无损转换,符号及注记的配置更加精确统一。该方法可以应用于应急抢险、政府决策、反映市情的快速地图(地理底图)生产项目中。本文提出的方法,能实现制图软件环境下较大程度的制图自动化。     

GIS数据用于制图生产信息模型的建立与实现

分析了GIS数据应用于制图生产的可用性及非适应性,从地图概念化和制定制图数据需求出发,提出了基于GIS数据建立制图生产的信息模型,并应用于制图生产过程,为制图者提供从数据库到制图的更多实现方法。     

一种面向多图层的制图数据综合方法

数据综合是地图制图的重要内容,同时也是自动化程度较低的部分,一直以来是地图制图领域的研究热点。在实际生产经验基础上,提出一种面向多个存在公共边的图层数据综合方法,并利用FME软件进行实现,且在地理国情普查图制作中得到应用,效率得到显著提高。     

城市影像地图制图综合初探

影像地图制图综合是城市影像地图设计与编制的重要理论和方法。基于《广州市数字影像地图集》的编制对城市影像制图综合理论与方法进行了初步探讨,提出了不同于传统制图综合的遥感影像制图综合的内涵、影响因素与技术方法。     

一种基于Geoway ToporCartor的地图制图生产方法

地图制图是地理信息可视化表达的关键步骤,在保证地理数据有序、高精度表达的同时,如何高效、自动地提高地图的易读性、美观程度,是地图制图技术的发展目标.传统的制图方法主要通过人工编辑,需要耗费大量时间和精力;目前专业和非专业制图软件虽然应用普遍,但需要花费较长时间的制图准备或后期的二次开发.鉴于此,本文提出了一种基于Geoway ToporCartor的地图制图方法,可提高部分编辑工作的自动化程度,并通过介绍制图中常见问题的解决方案,展示了其易操作、规则化、自动化、批量化等特点,验证了基于Geoway ToporCartor的地图制图方法的可行性和有效性.     

自动制图综合链理论与技术模型

为满足地图生产自动化和GIS中对自动制图综合的迫切需求,必须研究新的理论、方法和模型。在充分探讨制图综合现状和存在问题的基础上,系统研究自动制图综合链理论与技术,把抽象的制图综合操作过程化、任务化、步骤化,并把制图综合任务转化为计算机环境下自动执行与优化的可执行操作链,从而达到提高制图综合自动化、智能化水平的目的。     

几种地图新概念的比较分析

传统的地图生产是以手工方式完成的,这种生产方式不仅技术落后、费时费力,而且地图产品比较单一,难以满足广大地图用户的多方面需要.随着计算机技术在地图制图领域的广泛应用,地图生产的技术、方法以及生产手段发生了革命性的变化,出现了自动化程度很高的数字地图制图.     

制图知识库驱动的数据库自动制图方法

随着测绘地理信息技术的快速发展,地图制图工艺发生了重大变化,基于地理空间数据库的自动化制图成为主流。尽管基于GIS(geographic information system)软件配图方式的自动制图技术逐渐成熟,并且在一定程度上满足了电子地图快速发布的需求,但地图制图领域中的高质量地图制图工艺和技术方法的改进仍然进展缓慢,人工依然承担大量重复的低效率的制图工作。本方法以制图知识库为驱动、基于制图软件平台开发自动制图系统,在保持软件原有制图工艺特点和功能不被改变的前提下,对专业制图软件的制图功能进行扩展,实现了制图软件中GIS数据库的全要素的自动化制图,减少地图制图工作量,实现高质量地图制图的自动化,极大提高制图效率。     

Adobe Illustrator环境下的地图注记智能化配置方法

针对Adobe Illustrator环境下地图制图中的地图注记配置非常复杂,需要大量人机交互操作,难以满足快速出图需求的问题。该文提出了一种基于开放式地图注记规则库的智能化地图注记配置方法。该方法将用户设定的地图注记规则库以及基于Adobe文本引擎的注记配置算法,通过二次开发技术嵌入到制图软件中,实现了GIS数据中点、线、面要素地图注记在制图软件中的智能化配置。该方法解决了注记冲突问题,极大地减少了人工交互操作,缩短了制图周期。研究成果应用于研发的自动化地图制图插件系统中,取得较好的效果。     

浅谈地图设计中的美学研究与实践

随着各种专业制图软件在地图制图中的广泛应用,计算机自动化地图制图正逐步代替手工制图,缩短了制图周期,提高了生产效率。然而,与传统纸质地图相比,电子地图的符号、色彩、版式并没有大的视觉改变,有的甚至还没有手工地图新颖美观。以贵阳市基础地理信息统一平台推出的"每月一图"为例,从符号、色彩、整体设计等方面探讨了地图设计中的美学研究与实践,并提出了关于如何提高地图美学设计的观点。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。